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Nut 2

The document provides an overview of basic nutrition terminology and concepts. It defines key terms like nutrients, metabolism, optimal nutrition, and malnutrition. It also outlines the six essential nutrient classes and their primary functions in fueling energy and growth and maintaining bodily functions.

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Mostafa Ahmed
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20 views37 pages

Nut 2

The document provides an overview of basic nutrition terminology and concepts. It defines key terms like nutrients, metabolism, optimal nutrition, and malnutrition. It also outlines the six essential nutrient classes and their primary functions in fueling energy and growth and maintaining bodily functions.

Uploaded by

Mostafa Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Nutrition

Dr.Hassan Mostafa
Terminology

By
Dr.Hassan Mostafa
By the end of this lecture, the students will be able to:
Define different terminology in the field of
nutrition.
Name the six classes of nutrients and their
primary functions
Introduction
•What is the first thing that comes to mind
when you hear the word “nutrition”?

•Does this differ when you hear the word


“food”?

•What about the word “diet”?


Health
•A state of optimal physical, mental, well-
and social disability. being, relative
freedom from diseases or
Health Promotion
• Active involvement in behaviors or
programs that advance positive well- being
Metabolism
• The sum of all chemical changes that take
place in the body by which it maintains
itself and produces energy for its
functioning (products of the various
reactions are called metabolism).
Nutrients
•Nutrients: “Any substance in food that the
body can use to obtain energy, format
tissues, or regulate functions.” (Insel & Roth, 2010,
– Essential Nutrients:
• Must be obtained by eating food
In another words
• The food you eat is a source of
nutrients. Nutrients are defined as
the substances found in food
that keep your body functioning.
•Your body needs nutrients to…
– Fuel your energy.
– Help you grow.
– Repair itself.
– Maintain basic bodily functions.

11
Nutrition is
-The study of
how your
body uses the
food that you
eat.
Optimal Nutrition
•Optimal nutrition means that a person
receives and uses substances from a varied
and balanced diet of carbohydrates, fates,
proteins, minerals, vitamins and water in
ideal amount.
Malnutrition
• Malnutrition refers to a condition caused
by improper or insufficient diet:
Under-nutrition
Over-nutrition
Dietetics
•Management of diet and the use of food;
the science concerned with the nutrition
planning and preparation of foods.
Benefits
• The science of nutrition
• Identifiesamount of food we need
• Recommends best food sources
• Provides helpful and harmful components
–Helps us make better choices
• Improves our health
• Reduces our risk of disease
• Increases our longevity
The 6 Essential Nutrients
•Water
•Carbohydrates
•Protein
•Fat
•Vitamins
•Minerals
Classifications of nutrients
–Macronutrients
• Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
– Micronutrients
•Vitamins and minerals
– Organic (contain carbon)
•Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and vitamins
– Inorganic
•Minerals and water
Variables which affect nutrient
needs:
1. Age
2. Gender
3. Activity Level
4. weather
5. Health
6. State of nutrition
Balance is Key
These three are the framework of the Food
Guide Pyramid:
•Balance - Eat foods from all groups of the
Food Guide Pyramid.
•Variety - Eat different foods from each food
group.
•Moderation - Eat more foods from the
bottom of the pyramid, and fewer and smaller
portions of foods from the top of the
pyramid.
Energy
•What is one of the main reasons you eat
food?
–
Energy!
–Only three classes of nutrients supply energy

– How is energy from food measured?


• Kilocalorie vs calorie
Introducing the Nutrients
• Energy in foods
– Measured in kilocalories (kcal)
Recommended Calorie Intake
• In General:

Men Women Children


2,500 – 2,800 1,800 – 2,000 1970 for boys
1740 for girls

•However, everyone is different


– Gender, age, body size & activity level all play a role.
Calories per gram:
Protein 1 Gram = 4 calories
Carbohydrates 1 Gram = 4 calories
Fat 1 Gram = 9 calories
•How can we calculate the energy available
from foods?
–Example
30 g carb x 4 kcal/g = 120 kcalories
10 g protein x 4 kcal/g = 40 kcalories
16 g fat x 9 kcal/g = 144 kcalories
TOTAL = 304 kcalories
Water
• Did you know?
– 1/2 to 3/4 of the human body consists of water!
• Functions in the Body:
–Water carries nutrients to your cells and carries waste
from your body.
–Regulates body temperature.
– Dissolves vitamins, minerals, amino acids and other
nutrients.
–Lubricates joints.
Vitamins
• Food Sources:
Fruits, vegetables, milk, whole-grain breads,
–
cereals and legumes.
• Unlike carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, vitamins DO NOT
provide energy (calories).
• Function in the Body:
–Help regulate the many chemical processes in the body.
–There are 13 different vitamins known to be required
each day for good health.
– Vitamins are separated into two types: Fat Soluble &
Water Soluble Vitamins.
Body Composition
Energy
Recommendations
• Estimated Energy
•Acceptable Macronutrient
Requirement Distribution

Ranges
–Carbohydrate: 45% - 65%
–Fat: 20% - 35%
–Protein: 10% - 35%
• For years, people held to the idea that there are “bad”

nutrients and “good” nutrients when, in fact, all nutrients

play a certain role in the body. Even those nutrients once

considered “bad” such as fats and carbohydrates perform

vital functions in the body and if one consumes too many

“good” nutrients such as vitamins or minerals there can

be harmful results, as well.

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