Copy Right © of Sri Sarjana George Lam 011-2518 1872

Form 4 Chapter 2 Number Bases

Chapter 2 Number Bases

2.1 Number Bases

Representing Numbers in Various Bases using Grouping Process
1. Computer processing systems use numbers in base two which are stated using only
two units, i.e. 0 and 1.

2. Each digit of the numbers in base two has place value as shown in the following tables.
[Photo]

3. The digit used in base one number system is 0.

4. The digits used in base three number system are 0, 1 and 2.

5. The digits used in base four number system are 0, 1, 2 and 3.

6. The digits used in base five number system are 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4.

7. The digits used in base six number system are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

8. The digits used in base seven number system are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

9. The digits used in base eight number system are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.

10. The digits used in base nine number system are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.

State the number base of each of the following number.

a. 3034 b. 245 c. 11012

d. 37528 e. 12203 f. 852719

g. 23156 h. 778729 i. 311778

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Copy Right © of Sri Sarjana George Lam 011-2518 1872
Form 4 Chapter 2 Number Bases
Digit Values of Numbers in Various Bases
The value of a digit for a number in various bases is determined by multiplying the digit
with its place value.

State the place value of each digits in the following numbers

a. 101112 b. 21123
Number Number

Place Place
Value Value

c. 120334 d. 1025
Number Number

Place Place
Value Value

e. 454526 f. 102037
Number Number

Place Place
Value Value

g. 4578 h. 684259
Number Number

Place Place
Value Value

i. 783210 j. 599273
Number Number

Place Place
Value Value

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Copy Right © of Sri Sarjana George Lam 011-2518 1872
Form 4 Chapter 2 Number Bases
State the value of the underlined digit
Base 2
a. 11012 b. 10112 c. 1012 d. 110102

Base 3
a. 2013 b. 1123 c. 10023 d. 112013

Base 4
a. 3124 b. 1233 c. 21033 d. 210323

Base 5
a. 1425 b. 32145 c. 24135 d. 240325

Base 6
a. 1056 b. 2536 c. 31046 d. 53426

Base 7
a. 5167 b. 6327 c. 46057 d. 61247

Base 8
a. 4428 b. 61248 c. 32458 d. 604278

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Copy Right © of Sri Sarjana George Lam 011-2518 1872
Form 4 Chapter 2 Number Bases
Base 9
a. 3789 b. 4639 c. 56279 d. 61059

Expanding Numbers in Various Bases

A number can be expanded according to the place value of its digits as the sum of the
values of the digits which form the number.
For example, for 218910,

Place Value 103 102 101 100

Digit 2 1 8 9

Hence, 218910 can be expanded according to the place value of its digits as the sum of the
values of the digits as follows:
218910 = (2 × 103) + (1 × 102) + (8 × 101) + (9 × 100)

State the number values of each of the following number bases.

a. 11012 b. 12213

c. 3214 d. 34345

e. 101102 f. 27438

g. 87649 h. 54326

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Copy Right © of Sri Sarjana George Lam 011-2518 1872
Form 4 Chapter 2 Number Bases
i. 778 j. 51769

2.2 Changing Numbers from One Base to Another Base

Changing Numbers in Various Bases to Numbers in Base Ten
The steps to change numbers in various bases to numbers in base ten are as follows:
(1) Expand the number according to the place value of its digits.
(2) Calculate the value at step (1) to become a single number.

Change each of the following numbers to a number in base ten.

a. 1100112 b. 10111102 c. 110110112

Change each of the following numbers to a number in base ten.

a. 21378 b. 111108 c. 765348

Change each of the following number to a number in base ten.

a. 3045 b. 10245 c. 123045

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Copy Right © of Sri Sarjana George Lam 011-2518 1872
Form 4 Chapter 2 Number Bases
Change each of the following number to a number in base ten.
a. 2133 b. 12304 c. 53206

d. 26147 e. 24689

Changing Numbers in Base Ten to Numbers in Various Bases

A number in base ten can be changed to a number in any base x by dividing the number
with x repeatedly until its remainder is zero. The number in base x is then be determined
by writing its remainders from bottom to top.

Convert each of the following numbers in base ten to the stated base in brackets by using
the methods of division of number according to base value.
a. 3010 (base 2) b. 2210 (base 3) c. 1810 (base 3)

d. 4310 (base 4) e. 12010 (base 4) f. 3310 (base 5)

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Copy Right © of Sri Sarjana George Lam 011-2518 1872
Form 4 Chapter 2 Number Bases
g. 35010 (base 5) h. 4610 (base 6) i. 56710 (base 6)

j. 48710 (base 7) k. 9510 (base 7) l. 41310 (base 8)

m. 245310 (base 8) n. 80010 (base 9) o. 317910 (base 9)

Changing a Number from One Base to Another Base

1. To change a number in base two to a number in base eight, arrange the digits in groups
of three digits, from right to left. Then use the combination of the numbers 4, 2 and 1.

2. To change a number in base eight to a number in base two, change each digit in base
eight to a combination of three digits in base two using the combination of the numbers
4, 2 and 1.

3. When changing a number from one base to another base (other than interchange
between base 2 and base 8), use the following standard method.

A number in base x can be changed to a number in base y (x and y are not ten) by:
i. Change the number to a number in base 10 (by expanding the number according to the
place values of its digits) first and then:
ii. Change the number in base 10 to a number in base y using repeated division until its
remainder is zero.

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Copy Right © of Sri Sarjana George Lam 011-2518 1872
Form 4 Chapter 2 Number Bases
Convert each of the following numbers in base two to a number in base eight.
a. 11102 b. 100012
Number in Number in
Base 2 Base 2
Place value Place value
Digit Value Digit Value
Digit Values Digit Values
(Base 10) (Base 10)
c. 110112 d. 1100112
Number in Number in
Base 2 Base 2
Place value Place value
Digit Value Digit Value
Digit Values Digit Values
(Base 10) (Base 10)

Convert each of the following numbers in base two to a number in base eight.
a. 11002 b. 111012 c. 1001112

d. 1110112 e. 1100000102 f. 11010102

Convert each of the following numbers in base eight to a number in base two.
a. 5268
Number in Base 8
Place Value (Base 2)
Digit Value (Base 10)

Digit in Base 2

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Copy Right © of Sri Sarjana George Lam 011-2518 1872
Form 4 Chapter 2 Number Bases
b. 7348
Number in Base 8
Place Value (Base 2)
Digit Value (Base 10)

Digit in Base 2

Convert each of the following numbers in base eight to a number in base two.
a. 168 b. 328 c. 558

d. 748 e. 1018 f. 2428

2.3 Addition and Subtraction of Numbers in Various Bases

Calculate each of the following addition

Base 2
a. 1012 + 1002 b. 11012 + 1102 c. 10012 + 112 d. 11012 + 10012

Base 3
a. 2013 + 2123 b. 10213 + 1023 c. 12213 + 103 d. 22103 + 21023

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Copy Right © of Sri Sarjana George Lam 011-2518 1872
Form 4 Chapter 2 Number Bases
Base 4
a. 2034 + 1124 b. 13014 + 2104 c. 20034 + 134 d. 30124 + 10204

Base 5
a. 3405 + 1325 b. 21045 + 3205 c. 12435 + 345 d. 41405 + 13425

Base 6
a. 2416 + 1356 b. 14506 + 246 c. 32056 + 1436 d. 41326 + 25546

Base 7
a. 4157 + 637 b. 3617 + 2427 c. 24537 + 1667 d. 52037 + 45417

Base 8
a. 4518 + 1068 b. 51768 + 3518 c. 61258 + 178 d. 34718 + 16368

Base 9
a. 6289 + 2319 b. 41079 + 5289 c. 53809 + 4139 d. 87359 + 20869

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Copy Right © of Sri Sarjana George Lam 011-2518 1872
Form 4 Chapter 2 Number Bases
Calculate each of the following addition
a. 1324 + 1024 b. 16047 + 3527 c. 17459 + 8179

Calculate each of the following subtraction

Base 2
a. 1002 – 102 b. 11112 – 1002 c. 100012 – 10012 d. 111012 – 10112

Base 3
a. 2203 – 1013 b. 11023 – 2123 c. 20123 – 10013 d. 122013 – 20103

Base 4
a. 2134 – 1204 b. 13304 – 2324 c. 22134 – 10324 d. 31034 – 22304

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Copy Right © of Sri Sarjana George Lam 011-2518 1872
Form 4 Chapter 2 Number Bases
Base 5
a. 2345 – 1205 b. 12045 – 3025 c. 21445 – 4235 d. 40235 – 14335

Base 6
a. 4036 – 1526 b. 13246 – 3456 c. 245046 - 12016 d. 401236 - 53456

Base 7
a. 6407 – 1257 b. 15447 – 6137 c. 30427 – 21067 d. 62537 – 35167

Base 8
a. 5278 – 1608 b. 24618 – 3758 c. 33748 – 12568 d. 75068 – 43158

Base 9
a. 6289 – 2319 b. 15639 – 4279 c. 42259 – 17379 d. 85549 – 21639

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Copy Right © of Sri Sarjana George Lam 011-2518 1872
Form 4 Chapter 2 Number Bases
Calculate each of the following subtraction
a. 4035 – 2145 b. 35426 - 1256

c. 67108 – 2348 d. 53617 – 4247

e. 3224 – 1034

2.4 Solving Problems Involving Number Bases

We can solve various problems in our daily real-life situations using the concept of
number bases.

Solve each of the following questions

a. The number of customers who had their meal in a restaurant in a week was 31246.
What is the average of the number of customers who had their meal in the restaurant
in the week if the restaurant was opened daily? Give your answer in base six.

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Copy Right © of Sri Sarjana George Lam 011-2518 1872
Form 4 Chapter 2 Number Bases
b. Rayensh wants to put a password on his smartphone using 4 digits code. He wants
to use his wedding date, which is 311213 as the password. By assuming the date as a
number in base four and using numbers 0 to 9, help Rayensh create the password.

c. The table below shows the marks obtained by Joanne in five subjects
Subjects Marks
Bahasa Melayu 3304
English 22003
Mathematics 2206
History 759
Moral Studies 1637
(i) which subjects are the highest mark and the lowest mark?
(ii) The school will give excellence awards to students who successfully obtaining
average marks of more than 1258 for five of the subjects. Does Joanne eligible to receive
the award?

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Copy Right © of Sri Sarjana George Lam 011-2518 1872
Form 4 Chapter 2 Number Bases
d. Khairuldin bought 102 pieces of wishing cards and 102 reams of A4 papers and paid
RM2223. Amirudin bought 1012 pieces of wishing cards and 12 reams of A4 papers and
paid RM1214. Find the price, in RM, of a piece of wishing card and 1 ream of A4 papers
in base 10.

e. The total price of 1102 local reference books and 112 imported books is RM21206.
The total price of 10002 local reference books and 12 imported reference books is
RM11117. Find the price, in RM, of a local reference book and an imported reference
book, in base 10.

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Copy Right © of Sri Sarjana George Lam 011-2518 1872
Form 4 Chapter 2 Number Bases
f. The price of a kilogram of local watermelon and a kilogram of imported watermelon
are RM102 and RM112 respectively. Puan Norizah bought 2023 kilograms of
watermelon and paid RM519. Calculate the number of kilograms of local and imported
watermelons Puan Norizah bought, in base 10.

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