Adaptive Optics
Adaptive Optics
Telescope
Tip/tilt
Light Mirror
from
Object
Telescope
Light from
Tip/tilt
Wavefront
Mirror
Beacon
Laser to
Target
Control Deformable
Laser
Computer Mirror
Wavefront
Sensor
Adaptive optics laser projection system.
2 Adaptive Optics
∼λ/D
~λ/D
∼λ/r
~λ/r00
Introduction 5
−3 / 5
r0 = 0.423 k2 sec ζ ∫ Cn2 ( z)dz ,
Path
Astronomical “Brightness”
(
Bastro = 4 × 106 10) 2.5 photons / cm 2 sec .
8
10
7
10
6
10
Photons/cm sec
5
2
10
4
10
3
10
2
10
1
10
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2
Visual magnitude mv
Isoplanatic Angle
−3 / 5
θ0 = 2.91k2 sec8 / 3 ζ
Path
∫Cn2 ( z) z5 / 3 dz
,
SLC, ς = 0û
HV5/7, ς = 0û
102
Θ0(µrad)
101
SLC, ς = 60û
HV5/7, ς = 60û
100
0.5 1.0 5.0 10.0
Wavelength (µm)
8 Adaptive Optics
Zernike Polynomials
∞
1 r
Φ(r, θ) = A00 +
2
∑A
n=2
0
n0 ℜ n
R
∞ n
r
+ ∑∑(A
n =1 m =1
nm cos mθ + Bnm sin mθ )ℜm
n ,
R
n−m
r 2
( n − s)! r
n −2 s
∑ ( −1)
s
ℜm
n = .
R n+m n−m R
s =0 s ! − s ! − s !
2 2
m=4 r4
Introduction 9
For conditions other than the 5/7 model, one can calculate
A and W from
W = 27(75θ0−5/3 λ 2 − 0.14)1 / 2 ,