@AFANAD

[G@CEAZ XZIXI[AN XG@A[AZAE

AEANC[C[ [\IR

Bcsusue ingd6

MCZ@AE[SAD GFA XWRZA

@GNC LASARZC

ZAZA[ QA[DAZC

CEBAD XWZEA@A

@AEAOG@GE

MAFWNRA[ GFIEI@C BAE JC[EC[

WEC]GZ[CRA[ ZCAW

:8:1
 FARA XGELAERAZ

Xuoc bae syufur fcta paeoatfae fgdabcrat Annad [\R yael tgnad `gnc`padfae rad`at-ESA,
sgdcella fa`c bapat `geygngsacfae pgeyusueae `afanad cec. Rcbaf nupa sdanawat sgrta sana` sgnanu
fcta kuradfae fgpaba oueouelae fcta Eajc jgsar @uda``ab [A\ yael tgnad `g`jc`jcel u`ateya bc
oanae yael jgear.

Fa`cc ukapfa
Fa` ukapfae
e tgrc`af
tgrc`afascd
ascd fgpaba
fgpaba pcdaf-p
pcdaf-pcda
cdaf
f yael
yael subad
subad `g`jae
`g`jaetu
tu bana`
bana` pgeyu
pgeyusue
sueae
ae
`afanad cec. @afanad cec bcsusue jgrbasarfae tulas barc `ata funcad [g`cear Xripisan Xg`asarae yael
jgroubun „Aeancscs [\IR‐.

Afdcr fata, sg`ila `afanad cec bapat jgr`aemaat jalc fcta sg`ua fdususeya jalc fa`c pgeyaoc
`afanad. Xgeuncs oula `g`ceta `aam apajcna jaeyaf fgsanadae bana` pgeyusueae `afanad cec.

Xgeuncs,

Xgfaejaru, @argt :8:1

 BAMRAZ C[C

FARA XGELAERAZ .........................................

...............................................................
............................................
.................................
........... c

BAMRAZ C[C ..........................................

................................................................
...................................................................
............................................. cc
JAJ C XGEBADWNWAE ...................................................
.........................................................................
.......................................
................. 1

A. Natar Jgnafael ...........................................

.................................................................
............................................
....................................
.............. 1
J. Zu`usae @asanad ...........................................
.................................................................
.....................................................
............................... 1
K. Ruouae ..........................................
................................................................
............................................
.................................................
........................... 1

JAJ CC C[C ............................................

..................................................................
............................................
................................................
.......................... :

A. Xgelgrtcae Aeancscs [\IR ...........................................

.................................................................
.......................................
................. :
J. Maftir-Maftir bana` Aeancscs [\IR ............................................
..................................................................
...................... ;
K. @aemaat Aeancscs [\IR ............................................
..................................................................
..........................................
.................... 2
B. [tratglc Aeancscs [\IR ..........................................
................................................................
.............................................
....................... 7
G. Fgngjcdae
Fgngjcdae bae Fgfuraelae Aeancscs
Aeancscs [\IR ...........
................
..........
..........
..........
............
.................
.................
....... 7
M. Kietid
Kietid Ourean Aeancscs [\IR ..........
...............
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
............
................
...................
...............
..... =

JAJ CCC XGEWRWX ............................................

..................................................................
............................................
...............................
......... 11

A. Fgsc`punae ..........................................
.................................................................
..............................................................
....................................... 11
 JAJ C

A. Nata
Natarr Jgnaf
Jgnafae
ael
l

[\IR abanad scelfatae

scelfatae barc [trgeltds,
[trgeltds, \gafegssgs,
\gafegssgs, Ippirtuec
Ippirtuectcgsaeb
tcgsaeb Rdrgats
Rdrgats (fgfuatae,
(fgfuatae,
fgng`adae, pguael, aeka`ae). Aeancscs [\IRsubad `geoabc anat yael u`u` bclueafae bana`
pgrgekaeaae stratglcs pgebcbcfae, ea`ue ca tgtap `grupafae anat yael gmgftc bana`
`geg`patfae
`geg`patfae pitgesc cetctusc.
cetctusc. [\IR bapat bcjalc
bcjalc fgbana`
fgbana` bua gng`ge, aeancsa cetgrean
cetgrean yael
jgrfiesgetrasc paba prgstasc cestctusc ctu sgebcrc, baeaeancsa ncelfuelae. @gelg`jaelfae
stratglcc oaelfa
stratgl oaelfa paeoael
paeoael cestctusc.
cestctusc. [tratglc
[tratglc cec darus bcfg`jaelf
bcfg`jaelfae
ae bgelae
bgelae jgrjalac
jgrjalac `gtibg
`gtibg
yael bapat `g`uelfcefae cestctusc `a`pu `g`pgrtadaefae bcrc bana` `geldabapc fi`pgtcsc
sgrta `a`pu `g`afsc`anfae baya tarcfeya jalc para pgnaellae. Ocfa pgeluocae tgrsgjut
bcpabufae bgelae pgeluocae `csc bae ecnac, `afa afae bctg`ufae sgjuad cbgetctas cestctusc
yael jgrjgba barc para pgsaceleya.Jglctu sgjuad cbgetctas bcstceltcm `a`pu bcfg`jaelfae
bana` sgjuad cestctusc,
cestctusc, `afa faraftgrcstcf
faraftgrcstcf `utu bana` cestctusc
cestctusc tgrsgjut
tgrsgjut afae `geoabc
`geoabc
ngjcd `ubad bccbgetcmcfasc.

Aeancscs [\IR abanad cbgetcmcfasc jgrjalac maftir sgkara systg`atcs uetuf `gru`usfae
stratglc pgrusadaae, aeancscs cec bcbasarfae paba nilcfa yael bapat `g`afsc`anfae fgfuatae
(strge
(strgelt
ltds
ds)) ba
bae
e pg
pgnu
nuae
ael
l (i
(ipp
ppir
irtu
tuec
ectc
tcgs)
gs),, ea
ea`u
`ue
e sgkara
sgkara jg
jgrsa
rsa`a
`aae
ae ba
bapa
patt `gec
`gec`j
`jun
unfa
fae
e
fgng`adae (wgafegssgs)bae aeka`ae (tdrgat). Xrisgs pgela`jcnae fgputusae stratglcs sgnanu
jgrfactae bgelae pgelg`jaelael`csc, tuouae, bae stratglc, bae fgjcoae barc pgrusadaae.
Bgelae
Bgelae bg`cfc
bg`cfcae
ae pgrgka
pgrgkaeaa
eaae
e stratgl
stratglcc (st
(strat
ratglck
glck pnaeeg
pnaeegr)
r) darus
darus `gelae
`gelaeanc
ancsc
sc maftir
maftir-maf
-maftir
tir
stratglcs pgrusadaae (fgfuatae, fgng`adae, pgnuael, bae aeka`ae) bana` fiebcsc yael aba
bcsaat cec. Dan cec bcsgjut bgelae aeancscs sctuasc. @ibgn yael pancel pipunar uetuf aeancscs
sctuasc abanad aeancsc [\IR.

Aeancscs [\IR `grupafae sanad satu cestru`ge aeancscs yael a`pud apajcna bclueafae
bgelae tgpat. @afsubeya, fga`pudae tgrsgjut tgrngtaf paba fg`a`puae para pgegetu stratglc
pgrusadaae bana` `g`afsc`anfae pgraeae maftir fgfuatae bae pg`aemaatae pgnuael sgdcella
sgfanclus jgrpgrae sgjalac anat uetuf `g`cec`ancsasc fgng`adae yael tgrbapat bana` tujud
irlaec
irlaecsasc
sasc bae `gegfa
`gegfae
e ba`paf
ba`paf aeka`a
aeka`ae
e yael
yael tc`jun
tc`jun bae darus
darus bcdaba
bcdabapc.
pc. Oabc sgjgnu`
sgjgnu`
`gela`jcn fgputusae, sgirael pgjcsecs darus `gnafufae aeancscs [\IR alar fgputusae yael
bca`jcn tcbaf sanad.

J. Zu`u
Zu`usae
sae @asan
@asanad
ad
1. Apafad
Apafad yael
yael bc`af
bc`afsub
sub bgel
bgelae
ae Aeanc
Aeancscs
scs [\IR9
[\IR9
:. Apa saoa maft
maftir-
ir-maf
maftir
tir aean
aeancscs
cscs [\I
[\IR9
R9
;. Apa
Apa `aem
`aemaa
aatt aean
aeancsc
cscss [\IR
[\IR99
 2. Jalac`
Jalac`aea
aea stratgl
stratglcc Aeanc
Aeancscs
scs [\IR9
[\IR9
7. Apa fgngjc
fgngjcdae
dae bae fgfura
fgfuraela
elae
e aeanc
aeancscs
scs [\IR9
[\IR9
K. Ruouae
1. Wetuf
Wetuf `gelgt
`gelgtadu
aducc pgelgrtc
pgelgrtcae
ae aeancs
aeancscs
cs [\IR
[\IR
:. Wetuf
Wetuf `gelgt
`gelgtadu
aducc maftir-ma
maftir-mafti
ftirr aeancscs
aeancscs [\IR
[\IR
;. Wetuf
Wetuf `gel
`gelgta
gtaduc
duc `aem
`aemaat
aat aean
aeancs
cs [\IR
[\IR
2. Wetuf
Wetuf `gel
`gelgta
gtaduc
duc strat
stratglc
glc aean
aeancsc
cscss [\IR
[\IR
7. Wetuf `gelgtaduc
`gelgtaduc fgngjcdae
fgngjcdae bae
bae fgfurael
fgfuraelae
ae aeancscs
aeancscs [\IR
[\IR
 JAJ CC

XG@JADA[AE

A. Xgelgr
Xgelgrtca
tcae
e Aeancsc
Aeancscss [\IR
[\IR
Aeancscs [\IR abanad cbgetcmcfasc jgrjalac maftir sgkara scstg`atcs uetuf `gru`usfae
stratglc sgjuad pgrusadaae bae irlaecsasc cetgrean `aupue gfstgrean. Aeancsa cec bcbasarfae
paba nilcfa yael bapat `g`afsc`anfae fgfuatae ([trgeltds) bae pgnuael (Ippirtuectcgs),
ea
ea`u
`ue
e sgkar
sgkaraa jg
jgrs
rsa`
a`aa
aae
e ba
bapa
patt `g`c
`g`cec
ec`a
`anf
nfae
ae fg
fgng
ng`a
`ada
dae
e (\ga
(\gafe
fegss
gssgs)
gs) ba
bae
e ae
aeka
ka`a
`ae
e
(Rdrgats). Aeancscs [\IR abanad suatu jgetuf aeancscs sctuasc bgelae `gelcbgetcmcfasc jgrjalac
maftir sgkara scstg`atcs
scstg`atcs tgrdabap
tgrdabap fgfuatae-fg
fgfuatae-fgfuatae
fuatae ([trgeltds)
([trgeltds) bae fgng`adae-f
fgng`adae-fgng`ad
gng`adae
ae
(\gafegssgs)
(\gafegssgs) suatu irlaecsasc
irlaecsasc bae fgsg`patae
fgsg`patae-fgsg`p
-fgsg`patae
atae (Ippirtue
(Ippirtuectcgs)
ctcgs) sgrta aeka`ae-
aeka`ae-
aeka`ae (Rdrgats) barc ncelfuelae uetuf `gru`usfae stratglc irlaecsasc.

Xgelgrtcae Aeancscs @geurut para adnc?

1. @geurut
@geurut Zijcesie
Zijcesie bae
bae Xgarkg (133<)
(133<) aeancscs
aeancscs [\IR
[\IR `grupafae
`grupafae sanad
sanad satu fi`piege
fi`piege
pgetcel bana` `aeaog`ge stratglcf. Aeancscs [\IR cec `gekafup maftir cetgre
pgrusadaae. Bc`aea eaetceya afae `geldascnfae primcn pgrusadaae
pgrusadaae sgfanclus `g`ada`c
bae `gelcbgetcmcfascfae fgng`adae bae fgfuatae irlaecsasc. Fgng`adae bae fgfuatae
cec fg`ubcae afae bcjaebcelfae bgelae aeka`ae gfstgre bae pgnuael sgjalac basar
uetuf `geldascnfae ipsc atau antgreatcm stratglc nace.
:. @geu
@geuru
rutt Mr
Mrgb
gbby
by Zael
Zaelfu
futc
tc Aean
Aeancs
cscs
cs swit
swit ab
abana
anad
d ce
cebc
bcmc
mcfa
fasc
sc jg
jgrj
rjal
alac
ac ma
maft
ftir
ir sgkar
sgkaraa
scstg`atcs uetuf `gru`usfae stratglc pgrusadae. Aeancscs cec bcbasarfae paba nilcfa
yael bapat `g`afsc`anfae fgfuatae (stgreltds) bae pgnuael (ippirtuectcgs), ea`ue
sgkara jgrsa`aae bapat `g`cec`anfae fgng`adae ( wgafegssgs) bae aeka`ae (tdrgats).
;. Aeancscs
Aeancscs [\IR `geurut
`geurut [iebael
[iebael X. [calcae
[calcae `grupaf
`grupafae
ae sanad satu cestru`g
cestru`get
et aeancscs
aeancscs
yael a`pud apajcna bclueafae bgelae tgpat tgnad bcfgtaduc puna sgkara nuas jadwa
„[
„[\I
\IR
R `gru
`grupa
pafa
fae
e af
afri
riec
ec`
` ue
uetu
tuf
f fa
fata
ta-fa
-fata
ta str
strge
geld
ldss (f
(fgf
gfua
uatae
tae),
), wgaf
wgafeg
egssg
ssgss
(fgng`adae), ippirtuectcgs (pgnuael) bae dtrgats (aeka`ae).4
2. Aeancscs
Aeancscs [\IR `geuru
`geurutt Xdcncp Fitngr bcartcf
bcartcfae
ae sgjalac
sgjalac gvanuasc
gvanuasc tgrdabap
tgrdabap fgsgnurudae
fgsgnurudae
fgfuatae, fgng`adae, pgnuael, bae aeka`ae. Aeancscs [\IR `grupafae sanad satu
cestru
cestru`ge
`ge aeancs
aeancscs
cs ncelfu
ncelfuela
elae
e cetgre
cetgrean
an bae gfstgr
gfstgrean
ean pgrusa
pgrusadaa
daae
e yael
yael bcfgea
bcfgeann nuas.
nuas.
Aean
Aeancs
cscs
cs cec
cec bcba
bcbasa
sarf
rfae
ae paba
paba as
asu`
u`sc
sc ja
jadw
dwaa su
suat
atu
u stra
stratg
tglc
lc ya
yael
el gm
gmgf
gftc
tcmm af
afae
ae
`g`c
`g`cec
ec`a
`anf
nfae
ae fg
fgng
ng`a
`ada
dae
e ba
bae
e ae
aeka
ka`a
`ae.
e. Jcna
Jcna bc
bctgr
tgrap
apfa
fae
e sgkara
sgkara af
afur
urat
at,, asu`s
asu`scc
sgbgrd
sgbgrdaea
aea cec `g`pue
`g`pueyac
yac ba`paf
ba`paf yael
yael jgsar
jgsar atas raekae
raekaelae
lae suatu
suatu stratgl
stratglcc yael
yael
jgrdascn.
 7. @geu
@geuru
rutt Mg
Mgrr
rrgn
gn bae
bae Darn
Darnce
cegg (:
(:88
887)
7),, mu
muel
elsc
sc ba
barc
rc Aean
Aeancs
cscs
cs [\IR
[\IR ab
aban
anad
ad ue
uetu
tuf
f
`gebapatfae cemir`asc barc aeancscs sctuasc bae `g`csadfaeeya bana` pifif pgrsianae
cetg
cetgre
rean
an (f
(fgf
gfua
uata
tae
e ba
bae
e fg
fgng
ng`a
`ada
dae)
e) ba
bae
e pi
pifi
fif
f pg
pgrsi
rsian
anae
ae gf
gfst
stgre
grean
an (p
(pgn
gnua
uael
el ba
bae
e
aeka`ae).

Xgrgekaeaae stratglcs (stratglck pnaeegr) suatu pgrusadaae darus `gelaeancscs maftir-

maftir stratglcs pgrusadaae (fgfuatae,
( fgfuatae, fgng`adae, pgnuael, bae aeka`ae) paba fiebcsc yael aba
saat cec. Dan cec bcsgjut bgelae Aeancscs [ctuasc atau pipunar bcsgjut Aeancscs [\IR. Bana`
`gel
`gelae
aean
ancsc
cscss ba
bata
ta bclu
bcluea
eafa
fae
e tgfe
tgfecf
cf bg
bgsf
sfrc
rcpt
ptcm
cm fu
fuan
anct
ctat
atcm
cm lu
luea
ea `geo
`geoaw
awaj
aj pg
pgru
ru`u
`usae
sae
pgr`asanadae `gelgeac apa saoa yael `geoabc fgfuatae bae fgng`adae yael aba paba ijogf
pgegnctcae bae apa saoa yael `geoabc pgnuael bae aeka`ae barc nuar yael darus bcdabapceya.
Bana` pgegnctcae bcnafufae cbgetcmcfasc varcajng-varcajgn yael `grupafae fgfuatae bae pgnuael
yael fg`ubcae bclueafae sfana ncfgrt atas nc`a tcelfat yael tgrbcrc barc? [aelat jacf (7), Jacf
(2), Kufup jacf (;), Furael jacf (:), bae Rcbaf jacf (1), jgrupa [fana Ncfgrt Fguellunae bae
Xgnuael.
Aeancscs
Aeancscs [\IR `grupafae
`grupafae sanad satu cestru`geae
cestru`geaeancscs
ancscs yael a`pud apajcna
apajcna
bclueafae bgelae tgpat. @afsubeya, fga`pudae tgrsgjut tgrngtaf paba fg`a`puae
para pgegetu stratglc pgrusadaae bana` `g`afsc`anfae pgraeae maftir fgfuatae bae
pg`aemaatae pgnuael sgdcella sgfanclus jgrpgrae sgjalac anat uetuf `g`cec`ancsasc
fgng`adae yael tgrbapat bana` tujud irlaecsasc bae `gegfae ba`paf aeka`ae yael
tc`junn bae darus bcdabapc.
tc`ju bcdabapc. Oabc sgjgnu`
sgjgnu` `gela`jcn
`gela`jcn fgputusae,
fgputusae, sgirael
sgirael pgjcsecs
pgjcsecs darus
`gnafufae aeancscs [\IR alar fgputusae yael bca`jcn tcbaf sanad.
Maftirr fgfuatae
Mafti fgfuatae bae fgng`adae
fgng`adae yael scmateya
scmateya frctcfan
frctcfan jgrpgrae
jgrpgrae saelat
saelat pgetcel
pgetcel
bana` `g`jatasc
`g`jatasc usada pgekadarcae
pgekadarcae bana` jgrjalac
jgrjalac antgrea
antgreatcm
tcm bae
bae pcncdae
pcncdae stratglc
stratglc uetuf
uetuf
bclueafae. Ingd fargea ctu bgelae `gellueafae aeancscs [\IR fi`pgtgesc fdusus
yael bc`cncfc bae fgng`adae yael `geieoin bapat bcecnac bae bcfactfae bgelae
jgrjalac maftir pgegetu fgjgrdascnae suatu usada. Fgfuatae `grupafae fi`pgtgesc
fdususs
fdusu yael tgrbapat
tgrbapat bana` irlaecsasc
irlaecsasc yael
yael jgrafcjat
jgrafcjat paba
paba pg`cncfae
pg`cncfae fguellu
fguellunae
nae
fi`paratcm ingd uect usada bcpasarae.
bcpasar ae. Dan bg`cfcae bcfargeafae satuae jcsecs `g`cncfc
su`jgr, fgtra`pcnae, pribuf aebanae bae sgjalaceya yael `g`juateya ngjcd fuat barc
para pgsacel bana` `g`uasfae fgjutudae pasar yael subad bcrgekaeafae afae
bcnayaec ingd satuae usada yael jgrsaelfutae.
Fgng`adae
Fgng`adae `grupafae
`grupafae fgtgrjatasae
fgtgrjatasae atau fgfuraelae
fgfuraelae bana` dan su`jgr,
su`jgr,
fggtra`pcnae bae fg`a`puae yael `geoabc pgeldanael sgrcus jalc pgea`pcnae fcegroa
irlaecsasc yael `g`uasfae. Fgng`adae ctu darus bc`cec`ancscr ataupue bctutupc
bctutupc bgelae
fgfuatae
fgfuatae yael bc`cncfc
bc`cncfc alar easajad
easajad tgtap
tgtap `grasa eya`ae,
eya`ae, dan ctu bapat bcnafufae
bcnafufae bgelae
bgelae
 `g`jgrcfae pgnayaeae yael `g`uasfae ataupue bgelae `g`jgrcfae bcsfie uetuf
`gearcf pgnaellae.
Xgnuael `grupafae
`grupafae jgrjalac
jgrjalac sctuasc ncelfuelae yael `geluetuelfae jalc satu satuae
jcsecs. Xgnuael ctu darus bc`aemaatfae bgelae sgjacf `uelfce, oaelae sa`pac
`geyca
`geycaeyc
eycafa
afae
e pgnuae
pgnuael
l yael
yael aba fargea
fargea fgsg`p
fgsg`pata
atae
e ctu tcbaf
tcbaf sgnanu
sgnanu aba.
aba. Bgelae
Bgelae abaeya
abaeya
pgnuael `afa fcta bapat `gelg`jaelfae
`gelg`jaelfae ataupue `g`pgrnuas usada fcta.
Aeka`ae `grupafae maftir-maftir ncelfuelae yael tcbaf `geluetuelfae suatu satuae
jcsecs. Ocfa tcbaf bcatasc aeka`ae afae `geoabc „laeoanae‐ jalc satuae jcsecs yael jgrsaelfutae
jacf uetuf `asa sgfarael `aupue bc `asa `gebatael.Aeka`ae ctu darus bcdabapc, alar
jcsecs yael bcoanaefae tgtap gfscs bae bapat jgrfg`jael bcpasarae. Aeka`ae jcasaeya
tgroabcc fargea
tgroab fargea pgsacel
pgsacel bapat `g`jgrcfae
`g`jgrcfae dan yael ngjcd,
ngjcd, ingd fargea
fargea ctu fuanctas
fuanctas atau
`utu pribuf, oasa pgnayaeae tgtap darus bcoala alar para easajad tgtap niyan.

J. Maftir-M
Maftir-Mafti
aftirr bana`
bana` Aeancscs
Aeancscs [\IR
1. [trgeldt (Fgfuatae)
Fgfuatae `grupafae fi`pgtgesc fdusus yael tgrbapat bana` irlaecsasc
yael
yael jgrafc
jgrafcjat
jat paba
paba pg`cnc
pg`cncfae
fae fguell
fguelluna
unae
e fi
fi`pa
`parat
ratcm
cm ingd
ingd uect
uect usada
usada bcpasar
bcpasarae.
ae.
danbg`cfcae bcfargeafae satuae jcsecs `g`cncfc su`jgr, fgtra`pcnae, pribuf aebanae
bae sgjalaceya yael `g`juateya ngjcd fuat barc para pgsacel bana` `g`uasfae
fgjutudae
fgjutudae pasar yael subad bcrgekaeafae
bcrgekaeafae afae bcnayaec
bcnayaec ingd satuae usada yael
jgrsaelfutae. Kietid-kietid jcbael-jcbael fguellunae ctu aetara nace? fgfuatae
paba su`jgr fguaelae, kctra pisctcm, fguellunae fgbubufae bcpasar, dujuelae
bgelae pg`asif, niyanctas pgelluea pribuf bae fgpgrkayaae para jgrjalac pcdaf yael
jgrfgpgetcelae.

:. \gafegssgs (Fgng`adae)
Fgng`adae
Fgng`adae `grupafae
`grupafae fgtgrjatasae
fgtgrjatasae atau fgfuraelae
fgfuraelae bana` dan su`jgr,
su`jgr,
fgtra`pcnae
fgtra`pcnae bae fg`a`puae
fg`a`puae yael `geoabc
`geoabc pgeldanae
pgeldanael
l sgrcus jalc pgea`pcnae
pgea`pcnae
fcegroa
fcegroa irlaecsasc
irlaecsasc yael `g`uasfae.
`g`uasfae. Bana` praftgf
praftgf fgtgrjatasae
fgtgrjatasae bae fgng`adae
fgng`adae
fgng`adae tgrsgjut jcsa tgrncdat paba saraea bae prasaraea yael bc`cncfc atau tcbaf
bc`cncfc., fg`a`puae `aeaogrcan yael rgebad, fgtra`pcnae pg`asarae yael tcbaf
sgsuac bgelae
bgelae tuetutae
tuetutae pasar, pribuf yael tcbaf atau furael
furael bc`ceatc
bc`ceatc ingd
fiesu`
fiesu`ge
ge atau
atau kanie
kanie pgellue
pgellueaa bae tcelfa
tcelfatt pgringda
pgringdae
e fguetue
fguetuelae
lae yael
yael furae
furael
l
`g`abac.
`g`abac. Fgfuatae
Fgfuatae bae fgng`adae
fgng`adae cetgrean
cetgrean `grupafae
`grupafae aftcvctas
aftcvctas tgrfietrin
tgrfietrin suatu
irlaecsasc yael `a`pu bcoanaefae bgelae saelat jacf atau juruf. Dan cec `uekun
 bana` `aeaog`ge,
`aeaog`ge, pg`asarae,
pg`asarae, fguaelae
fguaelae atau afuetaesc,
afuetaesc, pribufsc,
pribufsc, pgegnctcae
pgegnctcae bae
pgelg`jaelae bae sgjalaceya.

;. Ippirtuectcgs (Xgnuael)
@grupafae
@grupafae jgrjalac
jgrjalac sctuasc ncelfuel
ncelfuelae
ae yael `geluetuel
`geluetuelfae
fae jalc satu satuae
jcsecs. Sael bc`afsub bgelae jgrjalac sctuasc tgrsgjut abanad?
Fgkgebgruelae pgetcel yael tgroabc bcfanaelae pgelluea pribuf.

Dujuelae bgelae para pg`jgnc yael afraj

Dujuelae bgelae para pg`asif yael dar`iecs.

Cbgetcmcfasc suatu sglg`ge pasar yael jgnu` `gebapat pgrdatcae.

2. Rdrgats (Aeka`ae)
@grupafae
@grupafae maftir-mafti
maftir-maftirr ncelfuela
ncelfuelae
e yael tcbaf `geluetuel
`geluetuelfae
fae suatu
satuae jcsecs. Ocfa tcbaf bcatasc aeka`ae afae `geoabc „laeoanae‐ jalc satuae jcsecs
yael jgrsaelfutae jacf uetuf `asa sgfarael `aupue bc `asa `gebatael. Jgrjalac
kietideya aetara nace?
 @asufeya pgsacel jaru bcpasar yael subad bcnayaec ingd satuae jcsecs.

 Xgrtu`judae pasar yael na`jae

 @gecelfateya piscsc tawar pg`jgnc prbuf yael bcdascnfae.

 @geluateya
@geluateya piscsc tawar pg`asif
pg`asif jadae `getad
`getad atau jadae jafu yael
bcpgrnufae uetuf bcprisgs ngjcd naeout `geoabc pribuf tgrtgetu.
 Xgrfg`jaelae bae pgrujadae tgfeinilc yael jgnu` bcfuasac.

K. @aema
@aemaat
at Aean
Aeancsc
cscss [\IR
[\IR
@gtibg aeancscs [\IR jcsa bcaellap sgjalac `gtibg aeancscs yaell pancel basar, yael
jgr`aemaat uetuf `gncdat suatu tipcf ataupue suatu pgr`asanadae barc 2 g`pat scsc yael
jgrjgba. Dascn barc aeancsa jcasaeya jgrupa aradae ataupue rgfi`gebasc uetuf `g`pgrtadaefae
`g`pgrtadaefae
fgfuatae bae uetuf `gea`jad fguetuelae barc sglc pgnuael yael aba, sa`jcn `geluraelc
fgfuraelae
fgfuraelae bae oula `geldcebarc
`geldcebarc aeka`ae.
aeka`ae. Ocfa bclueafae
bclueafae bgelae jgear,
jgear, aeancscs cec afae
`g`j
`g`jae
aetu
tu ue
uetu
tuf
f `gnc
`gncda
datt sc
scsc-
sc-scs
scscc ya
yael
el tgrn
tgrnup
upaf
afae
ae at
atau
au tcba
tcbaf
f tgrnc
tgrncda
datt sgna`
sgna`aa ce
cec.
c. Barc
Barc
pg`jadasae bcatas tabc, aeancscs [\IR `grupafae cestru`ge yael jgr`aemaat bana`

`gnafufae aeancscs stratglc. Aeancscs cec jgrpgrae sgjalac anat uetuf `g`cec`ancsasc fgng`adae
yael tgrbapat bana` suatu pgrusadaae atau irlaecsasc sgrta `gegfae ba`paf aeka`ae yael
tc`jun bae darus bcdabapc
B. [tra
[tratg
tglc
lc [\IR
[\IR
Bana` pgegnctcae aeancsa [\IR fcta celce bapat `g`pringd dascn jgrupa fgsc`punae-
fgsc`punae yael jgrbasarfae fg-2 maftir yactu ?
a. [tratglc Fgfuatae-Fgsg`patae ([ bae I atau @axc-`axc)
[tratglc
[tratglc yael bcdascnfae
bcdascnfae paba fi`jceasc
fi`jceasc cec cyanad bapat `g`aemaatfae
`g`aemaatfae
fg
fgfu
fuata
atae
e atas
atas pg
pgnu
nuae
ael
l ya
yael
el tgnad
tgnad bc
bccb
cbge
getc
tcmcf
mcfasc
asc.. Kiet
Kietid
id?? jc
jcna
na fg
fgfu
fuat
atae
ae
pgrusadaae aba paba fguellunae tgfeinilceya, `afa fguellunae cec darus bapat
bc`aemaatfae
bc`aemaatfae uetuf `gelcsc
`gelcsc suatu sgl`ge pasar yael `g`jutudf
`g`jutudfae
ae tcelfat
tcelfat
tgfeinilc sgrta fuanctas yael ngjcd `aou, yael fgjgrabaaeya sgrta fgjutudaeeya
tgnad bccbgetcmcfasc paba aeancscs cec.
j. [tratglc Fgng`adae-Fgsg`patae (\ bae I atau @cec-`axc)
Fgsg`patae yael tgnad bccbgetcmcfasc tcbaf `uelfce bapat bc`aemaatfae
bcfargeafae fgng`adae suatu pgrusadaae. Kietid ? oarcelae bcstrcjusc paba pasar
tgrsgjut tcbaf bcpueyac ingd pgrusadaae. [anad satu stratglc yael bapat bcnafufae
cyanad jgfgroasa`a
jgfgroasa`a bgelae
bgelae pgrusad
pgrusadaae
aae yael oula `g`pueyac
`g`pueyac fg`a`puae
fg`a`puae
`gellarap pasar tgrsgjut. Xcncdae stratglc nace cyanad bapat `gelatasc fgng`adae
alar bapat `g`aemaatfae fgsg`patae.
k. [tratg
[tratglc
lc Fgfuat
Fgfuatae-A
ae-Aeka
eka`ae
`ae ([ atau
atau R atau @axc-
@axc-`ce
`ce))
Bana` aeancsa aeka`ae
aeka`ae oula bctg`ufae fgjutudae
fgjutudae uetuf
uetuf `gelatascey
`gelatasceya.
a.
[tratglc cec cyanad `gekija `gekarc fgfuatae yael bc`cncfc pgrusadaae yael
bclueafae uetuf bapat `geluraelc atau `geaelfan aeka`ae tgrsgjut. @csaneya
aeka`ae pgrael darla.
b. [tratg
[tratglc
lc Fgng`ad
Fgng`adae-A
ae-Aeka
eka`ae
`ae (\ bae R atau
atau @cec-`c
@cec-`cec)
ec)
Bana`
Bana` sct
sctuas
uascc darus
darus `gelda
`geldabap
bapcc aeka`a
aeka`ae
e sgrta
sgrta sgfanc
sgfanclus
lus fgng`a
fgng`adae
dae
cetgre, stratglc yael u`u`eya
u`u`eya cyanad „fgnuar‐ barc sctuasc yael tgrogpct tgrsgjut.
Fgputusae yael bca`jcn cyanad „`gekacrfae‐ su`jgr baya yael tgrcfat paba
suatua sctuasc yael `gelaeka` tgrsgjut, sgrta `gelancdfae paba usada nace yael
ngjcd kgrad.

G. Fgngjcdae
Fgngjcdae bae Fgfur
Fgfuraela
aelae
e Aeancscs
Aeancscs [\IR
[gkara
[gkara u`u`,
u`u`, aba g`pat
g`pat fgngjc
fgngjcdae
dae aeancs
aeancscs
cs [\IR,
[\IR, yactu
yactu sgbgrd
sgbgrdaea
aea,, finaji
finajirasc
rasc,,
mngfscjgn bae cetglratcm. Aeancscs [\IR `ubad bcpada`c, partcscpatcm, bapat bclueafae uetuf
ufurae irlaecsasc sgjgsar apapue,jadfae bapat bclueafae uetuf bcrc sgebcrc. Abaeya maftir
cetgrean bae gfstgrean bgelae scsc pisctcm bae eglatcmeya oula `gelafcjatfae cestru`ge [\IR
kufup ngelfap bae `geygnurud. Jgrjalac fguellunae cecnad yael `geygjajfae aeancscs [\IR
`ascd rgngvae uetuf bclueafae pue uscaeya subad sgfctarsgparud ajab. Jaeyaf irlaecsasc barc
 yael fgkcn dcella yael jgsar `ascd sgtca `gellueafae aeancscs [\IR. Ea`ue, aeancscs [\IR
jufae taepa kgnad. Kgnad pgrta`a abanad sujogftcmctas. Bata bae faocae `gebana` sgjgeareya
jcsa saoa bctgrapfae bana` `g`juat aeancscs [\IR, ea`ue fabael oustru `geygjajfae
aeancscs [\IR `geoabc tcbaf sgbgrdaea. Basar pgegetuae maftir cetgrean sgdaruseya jufae
—fcra-fcra–. Basar pgegtapae maftir gfstgrean oula sg`gstceya jufae —fayafeya–. Bg`cfcae puna
bgelae stratglc yael bcdascnfae, tcbaf jcsa bcpgringd daeya barc cetucsc. [gjcsa `uelfce aeancscs
daru sijogftcm bgelae bata bae mafta afurat.
Kgnad fgbua abanad varcajgn eglatcm yael bclueafae, yactu fgng`adae bae aeka`ae
yael jcsa oabcsgjgeareya tcbaf aba. Rcbaf aba lgnap, yael aba daeyanad fgfuraelae kadaya.
Rcbaf aba bcelce, yaelaba ku`a fgfuraelae fanir. Fgng`adae oula tcbaf aba ocfa fcta `a`pu
`gel
`geluj
ujad
adey
eyaa `g
`geo
eoab
abcc fgfu
fgfuat
atae
ae,s
,sgj
gjal
alac
ac`a
`aea
ea tcba
tcbaf
f ab
abaa ae
aeka
ka`a
`ae
e fa
fana
nau
u fc
fcta
ta ba
bapa
patt
`g`piscscfaeeya sgjalac pgnuael. Jufaefad jaeyafirael dgjat yael fgfuraelaeeya oustru
`geoabcc fgfuataee
`geoab fgfuataeeya9
ya9 Jufaefad
Jufaefad jaeyaf
jaeyaf irlaecsasc
irlaecsasc jgsar yael`geoab
yael`geoabcfae
cfae pitgesc
pitgesc aeka`ae
aeka`ae
sgjalac pgnuael uetuf sg`afce jgsar bae fuat9 Aegdeya, bana` fietgfsgvanuasc irael afae
ngjcd `ubad `gncdat varcajgn eglatcm, sg`getara bana` pgegtapae stratglc irael oustru `gelaku
paba varcajgn pisctcm bgelae alaf `gelgsa`pcelfae varcajgn eglatcm. Oabc oaelae dgrae ocfa
fini`
fini` stratgl
stratglcc yael
yael pancel
pancel sunct
sunct bccsc
bccsc bana`
bana` RI\[
RI\[ @atrcx
@atrcx abanad
abanad stratgl
stratglcc \R, pabadan
pabadan
fgng`adae baeaeka`aeeya `ubad bccsc.

M. Kiet
Kietid
id Aea
Aeanc
ncsc
scss [\IR
[\IR

Aeancscs [\IR sgjalac naebasae bana` `gegetufae stratglc pg`asarae

( stubc @kBieanb–s Zcel Ziab )

Ad`ab Za`abdae1 Mcvc Zad`atus [imcyad:

1 Anu`ec MG W[W Bgpartg`ge @aeaog`ge

: [tam Xgelaoar Bgpartg`ge @aeaog`ge MG W[W

DA[CNXGEGNCRCAE BAE XG@JADA[AE

1. Rad
Radap @asu
@asufa
fae
e

a. Aeanc
Aeancscs
scs @atrcfs
@atrcfs CMG

@atrcfss CMG bclueafae

@atrcf bclueafae uetu
uetuf
f `gelgtaduc
`gelgtaduc sgjgrapa jgsar pgraeae barc maftir-maft
maftir-maftir
ir
ce
cetg
tgre
rean
an ya
yael
el tgrb
tgrbap
apat
at pa
paba
ba pg
pgru
rusad
sadaae
aae.. @atr
@atrcf
cfss CMG
CMG `gel
`gella
la`j
`jarf
arfae
ae fi
fieb
ebcs
cscc ce
cetg
tgre
rean
an
pgrusadaae yael tgrbcrc barc fgfuatae bae fgng`adae yael bcdctuel jgrbasarfae ratcel bae
jijit.

@atrcfs Cetgrean Maktir Gvanuatcie ( CMG @atrcfs

@atrcfs )

Maftir Cetgrean Jijit Zatcel [fir Jijit

Fgfuatae
1.Nifasc yael stratglcs 8,18 ; 8,;8
:.Abaeya pgelafuae atas `grgf yael subad 8,1< 2 8,=4
@gellnijan
;.Fgsufsgsae bana` pgrcfnaeae 8,18 2 8,28
2.Abaeya fgfuatae fgroa sa`a bgelae 8,8< ; 8,:1
pgrusadae nace, sgpgrtc bgelae kika-kina
7.Rg`pat yael jgrscd bae abaeya tg`pat 8,8; ; 8,83
jgr`ace uetuf aeaf-aeaf
=.Aftcm bana` fglcatae a`an uetuf aeaf-aeaf 8,87 ; 8,17
<.Abaeya systg` bgncvgry irbgr 8,1; 2 8,7:
Fgng`adae
1.Darla yael furael fi`pgtctcm 8,8= : 8,1:
:.Ceivasc tgrdabap pribuf furael `g`cncfc 8,18 1 8,18
spgscmcfasc tgrtgetu
;.@aeaog`ge im mraekdcsgs furael 8,82 1 8,82
`g`pgrdatcfae cetglrctas fncge
2.Xgrcfnaeae daeya
daeya bcuta`afae paba aeaf- 8,1; : 8,:=
Aeaf
7.Arga parfcr yael furael nuas 8,8< 1 8,8<
Ritan 1 :,32

Jgrbasarfae dascn aeancscs `atrcfs CMG paba Rajgn 2.1, `geueouffae jadwa maftir yael
`geo
`geoab
abcc fg
fgfu
fuata
atae
e uta`
uta`aa pg
pgru
rusa
sada
daae
ae ab
aban
anad
ad ab
abae
aeya
ya pg
pgel
elaf
afua
uae
e at
atas
as `grgf
`grgf ya
yael
el suba
subad
d
`gellnijan, bgelae ecnac tgrtc`jael tgrtcellc sgjgsar 8,=4 sgbaelfae fgng`adae uta`a abanad
@aeaog`ge im mraekdcsgs fur
furael
ael `g`pgr
`g`pgrdat
datcfa
cfae
e cetglr
cetglrcta
ctass fncge
fncge bgelae
bgelae ecnac
ecnac tgrtc`
tgrtc`jae
jael
l
tgrfgkcnn sgjgsar
tgrfgkc sgjgsar 8,82 bae bcpgringd titan jijit sfir sgjgsar :,32. Dan cec `geueouffae
`geueouffae jadwa
@kBieanb–s Zcel Ziab `g`cncfc piscsc cetgrean yael fuat fargea tgnad `a`pu `gellueafae
fgfuatae bae `gelatasc fgng`adae bgelae kufup jacf.

j. Aeancscs @atrcfs GMG

@atrcfs GMG bclueafae uetuf `gelgtaduc sgjgrapa jgsar pgelarud barc maftir-maftir
gfstgrean
gfstgrean pgrusadaae.
pgrusadaae. @atrcfs GMG `gella`jarfae
`gella`jarfae fiebcsc gfstgrean
gfstgrean pgrusadaae
pgrusadaae yael tgrbcrc
tgrbcrc
barc pgnuael bae aeka`ae yael bcdctuel jgrbasarfae jijit.
 @atrcfs Gfstgrean Maftir Gvanuatcie ( GMG
GMG @atrcfs )

Maftir Gfstgrean Jiji Xgrcelfa [fir

t t Jijit

Xgnuael
1.Xgrusadaae
1.Xgrusadaae bapat `gnafufae
`gnafufae pgeouanae
pgeouanae 8,11 ; 8,;;
iencegg sgdcella
ience sgdcella `g`jgrcfae
`g`jgrcfae fg`ubadae
fg`ubadae
jalc pgnaellae

:.Xgrujadae trgeb fgjcasaae `afae 8,17 2 8,=8

`asyarafat yael ngjcd `g`cncd cestae
;.Xgrf
;.Xgrfg`j
g`jael
aelae
ae paelsa
paelsa pasar
pasar tgruta
tgruta`a
`a 8,18 : 8,:8
uetuf
uetuf lgegrasc
lgegrasc `uba
`uba bae fgni`pif yael
tgnad jgru`ur
2.@gnafufa
2.@gn afufae
e pgelawgtae
pgelawgtae bgelae
bgelae jadae-
jadae- 8,8< : 8,12
jadae ana`c sgjalac jalcae barc stratglc
pg`asarae bae pgrcfnaeae
7. @gekcptafae pribuf-pribuf jaru 8,84 ; 8,:2
Aeka`ae
1.Cebustrc `afaeae kgpat saoc `grupafae 8,1: ; 8,;=
sgftir
sgftir yael
yael saelat
saelat fi`pgt
fi`pgtctc
ctcmm sgdcel
sgdcella
la
pgrsacelae oula sg`afce fgtat
:. Xgrasa`aae stratglc pg`asarae bgelae 8.83 1 8,83
pgrusadaae `afaeae kgpat saoc naceeya
;.Abaeya aeka`ae barc pgebatael jaru 8,17 ; 8,27

2.Rc
2.Rce
elfat
fat pgr
grsa
sace
cel
lae bana
bana`
` ceb
cebustr
ustrcc 8,87 1 8,87
rgstirae
Rcellc
7.Ja
7.Jalc
lc fi
fies
esu`
u`ge
ge ya
yael
el sa
saba
barr af
afae
ae lczc
lczc,, 8,84 : 8,1=
`afaea
`afaeae
e kgpat
kgpat saoc `grupa
`grupafae
fae `afaea
`afaeae
e
yael furael sgdat
Ritan 1 :,=:

Jgrbasarfae dascn aeancscs `atrcfs GMG paba Rajgn 2.:, `geueouffae jadwa maftir yael
`geoabc pgnuael uta`a pgrusadaae abanad Xgrujadae trgeb fgjcasaae `afae `asyarafat yael
ngjcd `g`cncd cestae, bgelae ecnac tgrtc`jael
tgrtc`jael tgrtcellc
tgrtcellc sgjgsar 8,=8 sgbaelfae
sgbaelfae fgng`adae
 uta`a abanad tcelfat pgrsacelae bana` cebustrc rgstirae tcellc bgelae ecnac tgrtc`jael tgrfgkcn
sgjgsar 8,87. Jgrbasarfae dascn pgrdctuelae paba Rajgn, `afa bapat bcpgringd titan jijit sfir
sgjgsar
sgjgsar :,=:.
:,=:. Dan cec `geueouf
`geueouffae
fae jadwa
jadwa @kBieanb–s Zcel Ziab tgnad `a`pu `grgspie
maftir gfstgrean bgelae `g`aemaatfae pgnuael uetuf `gelatasc aeka`ae.

:. Rada
Radap
p Xge
Xgeki
kiki
kifa
fae
e

Radap
Radap pgekik
pgekikifa
ifae
e `grupa
`grupafae
fae tadap
tadap uetuf
uetuf `gru`u
`gru`usfa
sfae
e stratgl
stratglcc jgrbasa
jgrbasarfa
rfae
e dascn
dascn
aeancscss bae cbgetcmcfasc
aeancsc cbgetcmcfasc afae fiebcsc ncelfuelae
ncelfuelae cetgrean bae gfstgrean
gfstgrean pgrusadaae yael tgnad
tgrfu`p
tgrfu`pun.
un. Xaba
Xaba tadap
tadap pgekik
pgekikifa
ifae
e `ibgn
`ibgn yael
yael afae
afae bcluea
bclueafae
fae bana`
bana` pgru`u
pgru`usae
sae stratgl
stratglcc
abanad
abanad `atrcf
`atrcfss [\IR
[\IR ([trge
[trgelt
ltd-
d-\g
\gaf
afeg
egss-
ss-Ip
Ippi
pirtu
rtuec
ectc
tcgs-
gs-Rd
Rdrga
rgat)
t).. Jgrb
Jgrbas
asarf
arfae
ae fg
fgfu
fuata
atae,
e,
fgng`adae, pgnuael, bae aeka`ae yael bcpgringd `gnanuc aubct cetgrean bae gfstgrean, bapat
bcmir`
bcmir`una
unascf
scfae
ae ant
antgre
greatc
atcmm stratgl
stratglcc yael
yael bca`jc
bca`jcn.
n. Mir`u
Mir`unasc
nasc stratgl
stratglcc cec bcnafu
bcnafufae
fae bgelae
bgelae
`gellueafae aeancscs [\IR.

Fgfuatae ([) Fgng`adae (\)

Maftir Cetgrean 1. Nifasc yael 1. Darl
Darlaa yael
yael fu
fura
rae
el
stratglcs fi`pgtctcm
:. Abae
Abaeya
ya pge
gel
laf
afu
uae :. Ceivasc tgrdabap
atas `grgf pribuf furael
;. Fgsu
suf
fsgsae `g`cncfc
bana` pgrcfnaeae spgscmcfasc tgrtgetu
2. Abaeya fgfuatae ;. @aeaog`ge im
fgroa sa`a bgelae mraek
mraekdc
dcsgs
sgs fu
furae
rael
l

pgrusadae nace, `g`pgrdatcfae

sgpgrtc bgelae cetglrctas fncge
kika-kina 2. Xgrcfnaeae daeya
7. Rg`pat yael bc
bcut
uta`
a`af
afae
ae pa
paba
ba
Maftir Gfstgrean
jgrscd bae abaeya aeaf-aeaf
tg`pat jgr`ace 7. Arga parfcr yael
uetuf aeaf-aeaf furael nuas
=. Aftcm bana`
fglcatae a`an

uetuf aeaf-aeaf
<. Abaeya systg`
bgncvgry irbgr
Xgnuael (I) [tratglc [-I [tratglc \-I
1. Xgrusadaae bapat 1. @gnafufae 1. @gea`jad `geu
 `gnafufae pri`isc bae bg
bge
elae
lae kc
kcta
ta ra
rasa
sa
pgeouanae ienceg pgrcfnaeae nikan bae
sgdcella jgrsa`a-sa`a `geldcnaelfae
`g`jgrcfae bgelae
bgelae Kika-ki
Kika-kina
na jgjgrapa `afaeae
fg`u
g`ubada
badae
e jal
jalc uetuf `gearcf yael tcbaf pipungr.
pgnaellae pgellg`ar Kika- (\:,I7)
:. Xgrujadae trgeb kina ([2,I:) :. @ge
@gelg`ja
g`jae
elf
lfae
ae
fg
fgjc
jcasa
asaae
ae `afa
`afae
e :. @geoala jgjgrapa `afaeae
`asy
`asyar
araf
afat
at yael
yael fgjgrscdae spgs
spgscan
can ya
yael
el ja
jaru
ru
ngjcd `g`cncd ncelfuelae uetuf fgnuarla bae
cestae rgstirae bae uetuf rg`aoa.
;. Xgrf
Xgrfg`
g`ja
jae
elae
lae `geoala fga`aeae (\2,I;)
paelsa pasar ae
aeaf
af-- aeaf
aeaf sg
sgrt
rtaa
tgruta`a uetuf `g`juateya
lgegrasc `uba bae sgeael sgna`a
fgni`pif yael jgr`ace bc argea
tgnad jgru`ur pgr`aceae, bae
2. @gnafufae jgrusada `gearcf
pgelawgtae fgni`pif
bgelae jadae- fiesu`ge yae
ael
l
jadae ana`c tgnad jgru`ur
sgjalac jalcae barc ([7,I;)
stratglcc pg`asarae
stratgl pg`asarae
bae pgrcfnaeae
7. @gekcptafae
pribuf-pribuf
jaru
Aeka`ae (R) [tratglc [-R [tratglc \-R
1. Cebustrc `afaeae 1. Bana` 1. @ge
@gea`j
a`jad
adf
fae
kgpat saoc pgelcfnaeaeeya ngjcd
ngjcd ja
jaey
eyaf
af ra
rasa
sa
`grupa
`grupafae
fae sgftir
sgftir @kBieanb–s atau tcpg jaru barc
yael saelat jgrusada
jgrusada `afaeae kgpat saoc

fi`pgtctcm `g`jgrcfae yael bapat

sgdcella `g`jgbafaeeya
la`j
a`jar
arae
ae jadwa
pgrsacelae oula bgelae ki`pgtctirs
@kBiea
@kBieanb–
nb–ss tcbaf
tcbaf
sg`afce fgtat (\:,R1)
daeya tgrmifus
 :. Xgrasa`
sa`aa
aae
e paba aeaf- aeaf :. Xri`isc sgkara
stratglc tgta
tgtapc
pc oula
oula ue
uetu
tuf
f tgratur,
pg`asarae fgnuarla bae `g`jgrcfae
`g`jgrcfae fgsae
rg`aoa ([2,R:) paba @kBieanb–s
bgel
bgelae
ae pgrusadaae
pgrusadaae
:. @geygbcafae bgelae
`afaeae kgpat `afaeae yael pgnayaeae yael
saoc naceeya
sglar bgelae tg`pat ngjcd jacf
yael
;. Abaeya aeka`ae jgrscd sgrta bae pgelana`ae
barc pgebatael `g`jua
`g`juatt mascnct
mascnctas
as `afae yael
jaru yae
yael `ge
gea`
a`j
jad `geygeaelfae
2. Rcel
Rcelfa
fatt pgrsa
pgrsace
cela
lae
e fgeya`ae (\2,R2)
bana` cebustrc
fiesu`ge. ([7,R7)
rgstirae tcellc

7. Jalc fiesu`ge
yae
ael
l sa
sab
bar afae
afae
lczc, `afaeae
kgpat saoc
`grupafae
`afaeae yael
furael sgdat

;. Rada
Radap
p Fgpu
Fgputu
tusa
sae
e

Radap
Radap fgputu
fgputusae
sae `grupa
`grupafae
fae tadap
tadap uetuf
uetuf `geget
`gegetufa
ufae
e stratgl
stratglcc tgrjacf
tgrjacf yael
yael bapat
bapat
bcoanaefae pgrusadaae barc antgreatcm-antgreatcm stratglc yael bcpgringd barc dascn aeancscs [\IR.
Wetuf
Wetuf `geget
`gegetufa
ufae
e prcirc
prcirctas
tas stratgl
stratglcc tgrsgj
tgrsgjut,
ut, bcluea
bclueafae
fae anat aeancsc
aeancscss Quae
Quaetctat
tctatcvg
cvg [tratgly
[tratgly
Xnaeecel @atrcx (Q[X@).

@atrcfs Q[X
[tratglc
Antgreatcm
@gna
@g nafu
fufa
fae
e pr
pri`iscc @gelg`jaelfae
i`is

bae pgrcfnaeae jgjgrapa

jgrsa`a-sa`a bgelae `afaeae
Kika-kina uetuf spgsca
scan yae
ael
l jar
aru
u
`gea
`gearc
rcf
f pg
pgel
ellg`arr uetuf fg
lg`a fgnu
nuar
arla
la ba
bae
e
 Kika-kina. uetuf
rg`aoa
Maftir-maftir fuekc RA[ RA[
[trgeltd 8,<= 8,27
\gafegss

Ippurtcectcgs 8,4= 8,<2

Rdrgats
1,8= 1,1<

8,4: 8,=3
Ou`nad titan baya tarcf ([RA[) ;,78 ;,87

Barc tajgn, bua stratglc Antgreatcm ‛(1) @gnafufae pri`isc bae pgrcfnaeae jgrsa`a-sa`a
bg
bgel
elae
ae Kika
Kika-ki
-kina
na ue
uetu
tuf
f `gea
`gearc
rcf
f pg
pgel
ellg
lg`a
`arr Kika-
Kika-ki
kina
na,, sgrta
sgrta str
strat
atgl
glcc An
Antg
tgre
reat
atcm
cm (:)
(:)
@gelg`jaelfae jgjgrapa `afaeae spgscan yael jaru uetuf fgnuarla bae uetuf rg`aoa. Aetara
ou`nad fgsgnurudae baya tarcf titan uetuf stratglc Antgreatcm (1) sgjgsar ;,78 bae stratglc
Antgreatcm (:) sgjgsar ;,87, Aeancscs bcatas `gelcebcfascfae jadwa @kBieanb–s Zcel Ziab
darus `gegrapafae
`gegrapafae stratglc
stratglc pg`asarae
pg`asarae yactu `gnafufae
`gnafufae pri`isc
pri`isc jgrsa`a-sa`a
jgrsa`a-sa`a bgelae Kika-
kina uetuf `gearcf pgellg`ar Kika- kina Ziab `g`cncfc piscsc cetgrean yael fuat. Dan cec
jgrartc rgstirae tgnad `a`pu `gellueafae fgfuatae uetuf `gelatasc fgng`adae bgelae kufup
jacf. Fgfuatae yael bc`cncfc @kBieanb–s Zcel Ziab abanad nifasc usada yael stratglcs, abaeya
pgelafuae atas `grgf, fgsufsgsae bana` pgrcfnaeae sgpgrtc abaeya fata „ C–` nivcel ct „ bana`
sgtcap pg`asaraeeya, abaeya fgfuatae fgroa sa`a bgelae pgrusadaae nace sgpgrtc bgelae Kika-
kina, tg`pat yael jgrscd bae abaeya tg`pat jgr`ace uetuf aeaf-aeaf, aftcm bana` fglcatae
a`an uetuf aeaf-aeaf, abaeya scstg` bgnvgry irbgr.
 JAJ CCC

A. Fg
Fgsc
sc`p
`pun
unae
ae

Aean
Aeancs
cscs
cs [\IR
[\IR ab
aban
anad
ad cbget
cbgetcm
cmcf
cfas
ascc jg
jgrj
rjal
alac
ac ma
maft
ftir
ir sg
sgka
kara
ra sy
syst
stg`
g`at
atcs
cs ue
uetu
tuf
f
`gru
`gru`u
`usf
sfae
ae st
stra
ratg
tglc
lc pg
pgru
rusa
sada
daae
ae,, ae
aean
ancs
cscs
cs cec
cec bc
bcba
basa
sarf
rfae
ae pa
paba
ba ni
nilc
lcfa
fa ya
yael
el ba
bapa
patt
`g`afsc`anfae fgfuatae (strgeltds) bae pgnuael (ippirtuectcgs), ea`ue sgkara jgrsa`aae
bapatt `gec`j
bapa `gec`junf
unfae
ae fgng`a
fgng`adae
dae (wgafe
(wgafegss
gssgs)
gs)bae
bae aeka`ae
aeka`ae (tdrga
(tdrgat).
t). Aeancsc
Aeancscss [\IR
[\IR cec
`gekafup
`gekafup maftir
maftir cetgre
cetgre pgrusadaae.
pgrusadaae. Bc`aea eaetceya
eaetceya afae `geldascnfae
`geldascnfae primcn
primcn pgrusadaae
pgrusadaae
sgfa
sgfanc
nclus
lus `g`a
`g`ada`
da`cc ba
bae
e `gelc
`gelcbg
bget
etcm
cmcf
cfas
ascf
cfae
ae fg
fgng
ng`a
`ada
dae
e ba
bae
e fg
fgfu
fuat
atae
ae ir
irla
laec
ecsa
sasc
sc..
Fgng`adae bae fgfuatae cec fg`ubcae afae bcjaebcelfae bgelae aeka`ae gfstgre bae
pgnuael sgjalac basar uetuf `geldascnfae ipsc atau antgreatcm stratglc nace. Aeancscs [\IR
[ \IR
cec jgrtuouae uetuf `g`jgearfae maftir-maftir cetgrean bae maftir-maftir gfstgrean yael tgnad
bcaeancscs, sgdcella pgrusadaae bapat jgroanae jacf sgsuac rgekaea, pgrusadaae oula afae
bapat `gelgtaduc fgng`adae sgdcella bapat bcrujad `geoabc fgfuatae, sgrta `geldabapc
aeka`ae bgelae `geoabcfaeeya sgjuad pgnuael. Bana` `gelaeancscs maftir cetgrean bae
gfstg
gfstgre
rean
an pg
pgru
rusa
sadaa
daae
e sg
sgebc
ebcrc
rc ja
jaeya
eyaf
f `gti
`gtibg
bg yael
yael ba
bapa
patt bc
bclue
lueaf
afae,
ae, sg
sgpgr
pgrtc
tc bg
bgel
elae
ae
`gellueafae `atrcfs [XAKG, `atrcfs JKL, `atrcfs CG, bae `atrcfs CMA[ GMA[. Bgelae
muelsc bae fglueaae yael jgrjgba puna pastceya.