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Point Estimation

This document discusses point estimation in statistics. It defines point estimation as providing a single numerical value to estimate an unknown parameter based on sample data. It describes criteria for good estimators including being unbiased, efficient, consistent, and sufficient. It provides examples to explain these concepts.

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9 views11 pages

Point Estimation

This document discusses point estimation in statistics. It defines point estimation as providing a single numerical value to estimate an unknown parameter based on sample data. It describes criteria for good estimators including being unbiased, efficient, consistent, and sufficient. It provides examples to explain these concepts.

Uploaded by

ricasugenk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Point Estimation

Rachmah Indawati
Departement of Biostatistics and Population
Introduction

• The most important phase of a statistical


investigation, called statistical inference.
The basis observed data in a particular
sample, we generalize and draw conclusions
about the population from which the sample
is drawn.
• The procedure is concerned with
estimation of unknown parameter values
and test of hypotheses regarding these
values
Diagram of statistical inferential

Object of
Explain
study Parameter
population
Inferential

Recourse: Statistics
sampel

Collect data;
compute
Point Estimation
• Point estimate provides a single numerical
value as an assessed value of the parameter
under investigation
• The statistic used for the purpose of
estimation is called an estimator.
Example:
We pick a sample of size four yielding values
2, 3, 5, 8. Then the value of x computed from
this sample is 4,5. We say that 4,5 is a point
estimate of µ.
Criteria for Good Estimator

The criteria of point estimates are:


1. Unbiased
2. Efficiency
3. Consistency
4. Sufficiency

Referring to the specific parameters p, µ,


2, individually we will sometimes use the
Greek letter  (theta) to refer to them
collectively. The estimator of  will be
written as 
Unbiased
• A practical and desirable estimator would be
such that the mean value of several estimates
of the parameter from a number of samples
size was near the true parameter value. This
is the notion of unbiased

• An estimator  is an unbiased estimator of a
parameter  if its sampling distribution has
mean , the parameter being estimated. That
is

E   = 
 
• A biased estimator will, on the average, either
underestimate or overestimate 
Sampling distribution of estimator and the
location of  along the axis
Efficiency
 
• If  1 and 2 are two unbiased estimator
of , then  1 is said to be more efficient
than 2 if the variance of the sampling


distribution of  1 is less than the 
variance of the sampling distribution of  2

• The estimator  has smaller variance
1

than  and consequently has less spread



2

around . We say that  is more


efficient than  in that we have more


1

faith that a value of  has a greater


2 
1

chance of being near , the parameter


that is being estimated, than does a
value of 

2
 

Sampling distribution of two estimator 1 and  2 ,


both unbiased estimators of 
Consistently
• As the sample size becomes extremely large,
we would like the estimator to be close to the
parameter with very high probability, almost  1
to the point of being sure. Estimators with
this property are said to be consistent.

Sufficiency
• Sufficiency is a rather involved concept
mathematically. Essentially what it states is
that an estimator should be such that it
utilizes all the information contained in the
sample for the purpose of estimating a given
parameter. No other estimator should provide
any more information
Thank You

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