Lesson 4.

3
Volumes of Solid of
Revolution
 Learning objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
1. Describe volume of solid of revolution
2. Calculate the volume of solid of revolution using
disk method, washer method or cylinder
method.
 SOLID OF REVOLUTION

It is obtained by revolving a plane region

about a horizontal or vertical line that does not
pass through the plane. The line is known as the
axis of rotation.
 SOLID OF REVOLUTION
This type of solid will be made up of one of
three types of elements—disks, washers, or
cylindrical shells—each of which requires a
different approach in setting up the definite
integral to determine its volume.
DISK METHOD

This method is useful

when the axis of rotation
is part of the boundary
of the plane area.
 DISK METHOD
When the axis of rotation is the x-axis, and the top of the plane
area is given by the curve 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) between 𝒙 = 𝒂 and
𝒙 = 𝒃 then the volume is given by the formula
𝒃 𝒃
𝑽= ‫𝒙𝒅 𝟐𝒚𝝅 𝒂׬‬ = 𝝅 ‫𝒇[ 𝒂׬‬ 𝒙 ]𝟐 𝒅𝒙
 DISK METHOD
When the axis of rotation is the y-axis, and the side of the plane
area is given by the curve 𝒙 = 𝒈(𝒚) between 𝒚 = 𝒄 and
𝒚 = 𝒅 then the volume is given by the formula
𝒅 𝒃
𝑽= ‫𝒚𝒅 𝟐𝒙𝝅 𝒄׬‬ = 𝝅 ‫𝒈[ 𝒂׬‬ 𝒚 ]𝟐 𝒅𝒚
 Find the volume generated by revolving the first quadrant
EXAMPLE 1 area bounded by the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟖𝒙 and its latus
rectum 𝒙 = 𝟐 about the x-axis?

𝒚𝟐 = 𝟖𝒙
𝑶𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒙 (𝟎, 𝟎)
𝒙=𝟐
 Find the volume generated by revolving the first quadrant
EXAMPLE 1 area bounded by the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟖𝒙 and its latus
rectum 𝒙 = 𝟐 about the x-axis?
𝒃 𝟐
𝑽= 𝝅 ‫𝒙𝒅 𝒚 𝒂׬‬
𝟐
𝑽= 𝝅 ‫𝒙𝒅𝒙𝟖 𝟎׬‬
𝟐 𝟐
𝑽 = 𝝅 𝟒𝒙
𝟎
𝑽 = 𝝅 𝟒(𝟐)𝟐 − 𝟒(𝟎)𝟐
𝑽 = 𝟏𝟔𝝅 cubic units
 Determine the volume of the solid by rotating the region
EXAMPLE 2 bounded by 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓, 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝒙 = 𝟒, and the
x-axis about the x-axis
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓
𝒚 − 𝟓 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙
𝒚 − 𝟓 + 𝟒 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒
𝒚 − 𝟏 = (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐
𝒚 = (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 +𝟏

𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒙 (𝟐, 𝟏)
𝒙=𝟏
𝒙=𝟒
 Determine the volume of the solid by rotating the region
EXAMPLE 2 bounded by 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓, 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝒙 = 𝟒, and the
x-axis about the x-axis
𝒃 𝟐
𝑽= 𝝅 ‫𝒙𝒅 𝒚 𝒂׬‬
𝟒 𝟐
𝑽= 𝝅 ‫ 𝒙( 𝟏׬‬− 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓)𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝟒 𝟒
𝑽= 𝝅 ‫ 𝒙( 𝟏׬‬− 𝟖𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟓)𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝟓 𝟒
𝟐𝟔𝒙𝟑
𝟐 𝟒
𝑽=𝝅 − 𝟐𝒙 + − 𝟐𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟓𝒙
𝟓 𝟑 𝟏
 Determine the volume of the solid by rotating the region
EXAMPLE 2 bounded by 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓, 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝒙 = 𝟒, and the
x-axis about the x-axis
𝒙𝟓 𝟐𝟔𝒙 𝟑
𝟒
𝑽=𝝅 − 𝟐𝒙𝟒 + − 𝟐𝟎𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓𝒙
𝟓 𝟑 𝟏
(𝟒)𝟓 𝟒
𝟐𝟔 𝟒 𝟑
(𝟏)𝟓
𝟐𝟔 𝟏 𝟑
𝑽=𝝅 −𝟐 𝟒 + − 𝟐𝟎 𝟒 𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓 𝟒 − −𝟐 𝟏 𝟒
+ − 𝟐𝟎 𝟏 𝟐
+ 𝟐𝟓 𝟏
𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑
𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟒 𝟏 𝟐𝟔
𝑽=𝝅 − 𝟓𝟏𝟐 + − 𝟑𝟐𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − − 𝟐 + − 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟐𝟓
𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑
𝟒𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟕𝟖
𝑽=𝝅 −
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓
𝟕𝟖
𝑽= 𝝅 cubic units
𝟓
WASHER METHOD

This method is useful

when the axis of
rotation is not part of
the boundary of the
plane area.
 WASHER METHOD

When the axis of rotation is the x-axis, the upper boundary of

the plane is given by the curve 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) , the lower boundary
by 𝒚 = 𝒈(𝒙), and the regions runs from 𝒙 = 𝒂 and 𝒙 = 𝒃
then the volume is given by the formula
𝒃
𝑽= 𝝅 ‫𝒇[ 𝒂׬‬ 𝒙 ]𝟐 −[𝒈 𝒙 ]𝟐 𝒅𝒙
 WASHER METHOD
When the axis of rotation is the y-axis, and the plane area is
bounded to the right by 𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒚) to the left by 𝒙 = 𝒈 𝒚
above by 𝒚 = 𝒅 and 𝒚 = 𝒄 then the volume is given by the
formula
𝒅
𝑽= 𝝅 ‫𝒇[ 𝒄׬‬ 𝒚 ]𝟐 −[𝒈 𝒚 ]𝟐 𝒅𝒚
 Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
EXAMPLE 1
the portion of the region bounded by 𝒚 = 𝟑 𝒙 and
𝟏
𝐲= 𝒙, that lies in the first quadrant about the y-axis
𝟒
 Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
EXAMPLE 1
the portion of the region bounded by 𝒚 = 𝟑 𝒙 and
𝟏
𝐲= 𝒙, that lies in the first quadrant about the y-axis
𝟒
𝑽=
𝒅
𝝅 ‫ 𝟐] 𝒚 𝒇[ 𝒄׬‬−[𝒈 𝒚 ]𝟐 𝒅𝒚 𝟏 𝟒𝐲 = 𝒚𝟑
𝐲= 𝒙
𝟒
𝑽=
𝟐
𝝅 ‫ 𝟐)𝐲𝟒( 𝟎׬‬−(𝒚𝟑 )𝟐 𝒅𝒚 𝟒 = 𝒚𝟐
𝟒𝐲 = 𝒙
𝟐 𝐲 = ±𝟐
𝑽= 𝝅 ‫ 𝟐𝒚𝟔𝟏( 𝟎׬‬− 𝒚𝟔 )𝒅𝒚
𝒚=𝟑𝒙
𝟏𝟔𝒚𝟑 𝒚𝟕 𝟐
𝑽=𝝅 − 𝒚𝟑 = 𝒙
𝟑 𝟕 𝟎
𝟏𝟔(𝟐)𝟑 (𝟐)𝟕 𝟓𝟏𝟐
𝑽=𝝅 − 𝑽= 𝝅 cubic units
𝟑 𝟕 𝟐𝟏
EXAMPLE 2 Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
the portion of the region bounded by 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 and
𝐲 = 𝒙, that lies in the first quadrant about y = -2
𝒃
𝑽 = 𝝅 න [𝒇 𝒙 ]𝟐 −[𝒈 𝒙 ]𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟑
𝒂 𝟏 = 𝒙𝟐
𝟏
𝑽 = 𝝅 න [(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝟐 𝟏=𝒙
𝟎
𝟏
𝑽 = 𝝅 න [𝒙𝟐 +𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟔 + 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝟒 𝒅𝒙
𝟎
𝟏
𝑽 = 𝝅 න −𝒙𝟔 − 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟎
EXAMPLE 2 Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
the portion of the region bounded by 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 and
𝐲 = 𝒙, that lies in the first quadrant about y = -2
𝟏
𝑽 = 𝝅 න −𝒙𝟔 − 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝟐𝟓
𝒙𝟕 𝒙𝟑 𝑽= 𝝅 cubic units
𝟒 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐𝟏
𝑽=𝝅 − −𝒙 + + 𝟐𝒙
𝟕 𝟑 𝟎
(𝟏)𝟕 (𝟏) 𝟑
𝑽=𝝅 − − (𝟏)𝟒 + + 𝟐(𝟏)𝟐
𝟕 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏
𝑽=𝝅 − −𝟏+ +𝟐
𝟕 𝟑
CYLINDRICAL/SHELL METHOD

This method uses

cylinder to compute
for the volume.
 CYLINDRICAL/SHELL METHOD
When the axis of rotation is the x-axis and the plane area, in the
first quadrant, is bounded to the left by the y – axis to the right
by 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒚 from 𝒚 = 𝒄 and 𝒚 = 𝒅 then the volume is given
by the formula
𝒅 𝒃
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 න 𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟐𝝅 න 𝒚𝒇(𝒚) 𝒅𝒚
𝒄 𝒂
 CYLINDRICAL/SHELL METHOD
When the axis of rotation is the y-axis, and the plane area, in the
first quadrant, is bounded below by the x – axis above 𝒚 = 𝒇 𝒙
from 𝒙 = 𝒂 and 𝒙 = 𝒃 then the volume is given by the formula
𝒃 𝒃
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 න 𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐𝝅 න 𝒙𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
𝒂 𝒂
EXAMPLE 1 Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
the region bounded by 𝒚 = 𝟑 𝒙 and
𝒙 = 𝟖, and the x-axis about the x-axis
EXAMPLE 1 Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
the region bounded by 𝒚 = 𝟑 𝒙 and
𝒙 = 𝟖, and the x-axis about the x-axis
𝒅
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 න 𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟑
𝒄 𝐲= 𝒙
𝟐
𝒚𝟑 = 𝒙
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 න 𝒚(𝟖 − 𝒚𝟑 )𝒅𝒚
𝟎 𝒙=𝟖
𝟐
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 න (𝟖𝒚 − 𝒚𝟒 )𝒅𝒚 𝒚𝟑 = 𝟖
𝟎
𝟓
𝒚=𝟐
𝒚 𝟐
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 𝟒𝒚𝟐 −
𝟓 𝟎
EXAMPLE 1 Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
the region bounded by 𝒚 = 𝟑 𝒙 and
𝒙 = 𝟖, and the x-axis about the x-axis

𝒚 𝟓
𝟐 𝟒𝟖
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 𝟒𝒚𝟐 − 𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅
𝟓 𝟎 𝟓

(𝟐) 𝟓 𝟗𝟔
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 𝟒(𝟐)𝟐 − 𝑽= 𝝅 cubic units
𝟓 𝟓

𝟑𝟐
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 𝟏𝟔 −
𝟓
EXAMPLE 2 Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
the region bounded by 𝒚 = 𝒙 and
𝒙 = 𝟒 and 𝒚 = 𝟎 about the y-axis
𝒅
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 න 𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝒙 𝐲= 𝒙
𝒄 𝟏
𝟒 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 =𝒚
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 න 𝒙(𝒙𝟐 )𝒅𝒙
𝟎
𝟒 𝟑
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 න 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝟎
𝟓
𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟒
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅
𝟓 𝟎
EXAMPLE 2 Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
the region bounded by 𝒚 = 𝒙 and
𝒙 = 𝟒 and 𝒚 = 𝟎 about the y-axis
𝟓 𝟔𝟒
𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟒 𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 𝟓
𝟓 𝟎
𝟏𝟐𝟖
𝟓 𝑽= 𝝅 cubic units
𝟐(𝟒)𝟐 𝟓
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅
𝟓
𝟐(𝟑𝟐)
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅
𝟓
Points to remember:

SOLID OF REVOLUTION - is obtained by revolving a plane

region about a horizontal or vertical line that does not pass
through the plane.

Three types of elements that made up the solid — disks,

washers, or cylindrical shells.