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Topic 2 - Mac2024

The document discusses the basic elements of a C++ program including components like comments, identifiers, data types, operators and expressions. It covers topics such as built-in and derived data types as well as unary and binary operators.

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23 views34 pages

Topic 2 - Mac2024

The document discusses the basic elements of a C++ program including components like comments, identifiers, data types, operators and expressions. It covers topics such as built-in and derived data types as well as unary and binary operators.

Uploaded by

qbby44hgh8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC 2:

BASIC ELEMENTS OF
COMPUTER PROGRAM
(PART 1)
CSC126 – FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS & COMPUTER PROBLEM
SOLVING
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be
able to:
Understand basic program components
Define & use the identifier, variable & statement
Understand the standard data type
Use the input & output statement
Use the arithmetic operator
Understand the assignment statement
Write simple programs

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 2


SECTION 1:
BASIC C++ PROGRAM
COMPONENTS

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 3


A computer program,
or program, is a
Programming is a
sequence of
process of planning &
statements whose
creating a program
objective is to
accomplish task

Some functions are


A C++ program is a
predefined by the
collection of one or
system & some
more subprograms,
functions are written by
called functions
the programmers

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 4


Syntax rules: Semantic rules:
Tell which
statements are
legal or accepted Determine the
by the meaning of the
programming statements
language, &
which are not

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 5


Comments
Written for the reader, not for the compiler

There are 2 types of comments: single-line


comment & multi-line comments

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 6


PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 7
PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 8
1. RESERVED WORDS

Reserved words are also called


keywords

Reserved words cannot be


redefined

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 9


2. OPERATORS

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 10


ARITHMETIC OPERATORS

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 11


RELATIONAL OPERATORS

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LOGICAL OPERATORS

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 13


ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 14


BITWISE OPERATORS

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 15


MISCELLANEOUS OPERATORS

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 16


3. STRING

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 17


4. NAMED CONSTANT

A named constant is a location in memory that can be referred to by


an identifier, and in which a data value that cannot be changed is
stored

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 18


4. SPECIAL CHARACTERS

Special characters or special symbols cannot be used for


anything other than their intended use

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 19


6. IDENTIFIERS
Identifiers are All identifiers A C++ identifier
names of things must obey C++ consists of
that appear in rules for letters, digits &
programs identifiers underscore

Identifiers can
C++ is case
be of any
sensitive
length
PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 20
PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 21
SECTION 2:
DATA TYPES
Data type can be defined as a set of values together with a set
of operations

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 23


BUILT-IN DATA TYPE

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 24


BUILT-IN DATA TYPE

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 25


DERIVED DATA TYPE

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 26


DERIVED DATA TYPES

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 27


SECTION 3:
ARITHMETIC OPERATOR &
OPERATOR PRECEDENCE

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 28


ARITHMETIC OPERATORS

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 29


ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION

An arithmetic expression is constructed using arithmetic operators & numbers

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 30


UNARY OPERATORS VS. BINARY
OPERATORS

Operators that Operators that


have only one have 2 operands
operand are called are called binary
unary operators operators

Example: Example:
-5 8+7

PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 31


PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 32
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PREPARED BY: NYCJ@KKPIM, UiTM CAWANGAN PERLIS KAMPUS ARAU 34

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