LXL Gr12Maths 05 Graphs-of-Cubic-Functions-Live 18may2015
LXL Gr12Maths 05 Graphs-of-Cubic-Functions-Live 18may2015
LXL Gr12Maths 05 Graphs-of-Cubic-Functions-Live 18may2015
y ax 3 bx 2 cx d
When plotting a graph, there are 4 steps to follow:
Determine the x-intercept LET Y 0
Determine the y-intercept LET X 0
Determine the STATIONARY POINTS (also known as the turning points) this is done by letting 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 0
Substitute the x values of the stationery points into the original equation to calculate the corresponding y
values.
Remember:
a0 a0
a) f x x3 9 x 2 24 x 20
b) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 8
Showing all intercepts with the axes and any stationary points.
Question 2
The graph of h( x) x3 ax 2 bx is shown below. A(1; 3,5) and B(2 ;10) are the turning points of
h. The graph passes through the origin and further cuts the x-axis at C and D.
.
B(2 ; 10)
•
x
C D
0
.
A(–•1 ; –3,5)
3
2.1 Show that a and b6 (7)
2
2.2 Calculate the average gradient between A and B. (2)
2.3 Determine the equation of the tangent to h at x 2 . (5)
2.4 Determine the x-value of the point of inflection of h. (3)
Question 3
Sketch the graph of f ( x) 2 x3 6 x 4 (17)
Question 4
Sketch the graph of f ( x) x3 3 x 2 4
Indicate the coordinates of the stationary points, intercepts with the axes and any points of inflection. (15)
Section B: Exam practice questions
Question 1
a)
b.)
Question 2
2.1
h( x) 3x2 2ax b h( x) 3x 2 2ax b
h(1) 3(1)2 2a(1) b
h(1) 3(1) 2 2a(1) b
0 3 2a b 2a b 3
h(2) 3(2) 2a(2) b
2
2a b 3 (i)
h(2) 3(2) 2 2a(2) b 4a b 12
3
0 12 4a b a
2
4a b 12 (ii)
b6
6a 9 (i) (ii) (7)
3
a
2
3
2 b 3
2
b6
2.2 Average gradient 10 (3,5)
10 ( 3,5) 2 (1)
2 ( 1)
9
13,5 2
(2)
3
9
2
2.3 3 2 3 2
h( x ) x 3 x 6x h( x ) x x 6x
3
2 2
h( x) 3x 2 3x 6 h( x) 3x 3x 6
2
h(2) 12
h(2) 3(2)2 3(2) 6
y 12 x 22
h(2) 12
h(2) 12
Point of contact (2 ; 2)
(5)
y 2 12( x 2)
y 12 x 22
h( x) 6 x 3
2.4
h( x) 3 x 2 3 x 6
6 x 3 0
h( x) 6 x 3
1
6 x 3 0 x
2
1
x (3)
2
[17]
Question 3
y-intercept: (0; 4) (0; 4)
x-intercepts:
0 2 x3 6 x 4
0 2x 6x 4
3
0 ( x 1)( x2 x 2)
0 x 3x 2
3
0 ( x 1)( x 2)( x 1)
0 ( x 1)( x 2 x 2) (using the factor theorem) (1;0) (2;0)
0 ( x 1)( x 2)( x 1)
x 1 or x 2
(1;0) (2;0)
Stationary points:
f ( x) 2 x 6 x 4
3
f ( x) 6 x 2 6
0 6 x2 6 (At a turning point, f ( x) 0)
0 x2 1 f ( x) 6 x 2 6
x 1 0 6 x2 6
x 1
f (1) 8 (1; 8) and (1;0)
f (1) 0
Turning points are (1; 8) and ( 1;0)
Point of inflection:
f ( x) 6 x 6
2
f ( x) 12 x
f ( x) 12 x
0 12 x
(0; 4)
x 0
f (0) 4
Point of inflection at (0; 4) (1) (1)
Alternatively:
The x-coordinate of the point of inflection can be determined by 2
adding the x-coordinates of the turning points and then dividing x0
the result by 2.
(1) (1)
x 0
2
(1;0)
(2;0)
(0; 4)
(1; 8)
Question 4
x-intercepts: y-intercept: 4
0 x3 3 x 2 4
0 x 3x 4
3 2
( x 1)( x2 4 x 4) 0
( x 1)( x 4 x 4) 0
2
x 1 or x 2
( x 1)( x 2)( x 2) 0
x 1 or x 2
f ( x) 3x2 6 x f ( x) 3x 2 6 x
0 3x 2 6 x 0 3x 2 6 x
x 0 or x 2
0 x2 2 x
0 x( x 2)
x 0 or x 2
For x 0 f (0) (0)3 3(0)2 4 4 (0 ; 4)
Max turning point at (0 ; 4) (2 ; 0)
For x2 f (2) (2)3 3(2)2 4 0
Min turning point at (2 ; 0)
f ( x) 3 x 2 6 x f ( x) 6 x 6
f ( x) 6 x 6 x 1
0 6x 6 (1;2)
6 x 6
x 1
f (1) (1)3 3(1) 2 4
f (1) 2
The point of inflection is (1;2)
(1;0) (2;0)