Revision questions 01 – Intro & Science of BHD

HLTHPSYC 122
01 - Intro and Science of Behaviour Health and Development (BHD)
(Lec 1-2, Tut 1)

Revision questions

1) The World Health Organisation (WHO; 1947) defines health as a state of complete
_________

a) mental wellbeing.
b) physical wellbeing.
c) social wellbeing.
d) all of the above.

2) What is the World Health Organisation’s (WHO; 1947) definition of health?

a) “Heath is having a sound, disease-free body with good cardiovascular performance,

sharp senses, a strong immune system, and the ability to withstand physical injury.”
b) "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity.”
c) “Health is the absence of aberrant somatic processes, such as biochemical
imbalances, viruses, or injuries."
d) "Heath is being able to think clearly, having good self-esteem, and enjoying a general
feeling of well-being."

3) ________ is a phenomenon in which researchers’ hypotheses lead them to

unintentionally bias the outcome of a study.

a) Experimenter expectancy effect

b) Confounding variable
c) Durability bias
d) Availability heuristic

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Revision questions 01 – Intro & Science of BHD

4) Prior to participating in a research study, you were given information about the study
and what to expect and asked to sign a form indicating your willingness to participate.
This process is known as ________________

a) risk/gain assessment.
b) intentional deception.
c) debriefing.
d) informed consent.

5) ________ studies observe different individuals of different ages at a single point in time
to track age differences.

a) Sectional
b) Cross-sequential
c) Sequential
d) Cross-sectional

6) The only research design that allows one to make cause–effect inferences is the
________ design.

a) case study
b) correlational
c) experimental
d) naturalistic observation

7) The study of rare or unusual phenomena is most easily done through the use of the
________ design.
a) correlational
b) observational
c) experimental
d) case study

8) The ____________ variable is what the experimenter ‘manipulates’ or varies.

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Revision questions 01 – Intro & Science of BHD

a) control
b) dependent
c) operational
d) Independent

9) A model of health and illness that suggests links among the nervous system, the immune
system, behavioural styles, cognitive processing and environmental domains of health is
known as the

a) biomedical model.
b) health belief model.
c) optimal health model.
d) biopsychosocial model.

10) Which dimension of Te Whare Tapa Whā model of health reflects the psychological or
mental health side of the four sided house?
a) Taha Whānau
b) Taha Tinana
c) Taha Hinengaro
d) Taha Wairua

11) Rank the following causes of death for males from the highest to the lowest.

a) Accidents, heart disease, cancer, strokes.

b) Strokes, cancer, accidents, heart disease.
c) Heart disease, cancer, accidents, influenza and pneumonia.
d) Cancer, heart disease, influenza and pneumonia, accidents

12) The major advantage of a correlational design over a naturalistic observation or a case
study design is that a correlational design allows us to ________.

a) generalise results.
b) make predictions.

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Revision questions 01 – Intro & Science of BHD

c) question participants.
d) link variables.

13) Despite being unable to determine ________ correlational designs are important in
providing understanding of naturally occurring phenomena which could not ethically be
experimentally manipulated.

a) causation
b) randomisation
c) reliability
d) validity

14) A research design characterised by random assignment of participants to conditions and

manipulation of an independent variable is called ________.

a) a survey.
b) a case study.
c) an experiment.
d) a naturalistic observation.

15) In an experiment, the ________ group receives no manipulation.

a) control
b) dependent
c) independent
d) experimental

16) In order to ensure that one’s results apply to other people in other settings, a
researcher uses a procedure known as _______.

a) existence proof
b) internal reliability
c) response sets
d) random selection

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Revision questions 01 – Intro & Science of BHD

17) An experiment is said to be ________ when neither researchers nor participants are
aware of who’s in the experimental or control group.

a) blind
b) unfalsifiable
c) a placebo
d) double-blind

18) Which of the following statements is true about naturalistic observation?

a) It re-creates natural conditions in the laboratory as closely as possible to make an

experiment more valid.
b) It involves observing behaviour in its natural context.
c) It is basically the same process as objective introspection.
d) It involves observing behaviour in the lab without taking formal notes or using
technological equipment to measure the experimental findings

19) Sarula recently completed a compatibility ‘quiz’ from one of her favourite magazines,
and although she and her partner have been dating for nearly two years, the ‘quiz’
results suggested they are not compatible. Luckily, Riley, one of Sarula’s friends, is a
student of psychology and suggested that the ‘quiz’ may not be valid. What is her friend
suggesting?

a) The ‘quiz’ only gives you the answers you want

b) The ‘quiz’ is going to give you similar results every time
c) The ‘quiz’ is not very scientific
d) The ‘quiz’ may not actually measure compatibility

20) According to the authors of the textbook, one of the bottom lines of scientific thinking is
__________________________________________________.

a) if a claim is extraordinary, we should trust what the authorities say

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Revision questions 01 – Intro & Science of BHD

b) if a claim runs counter to what we already know, we can accept it if it appears in a

peer-reviewed journal
c) if a claim runs counter to what we already know, it should be supported by
extraordinary evidence
d) if a claim contradicts what we already know, we should disregard it even if it
appears in a scientific journal

21) A group of teachers develops a maths curriculum to help students increase their scores
on required tests in maths. The teachers find promising results with the students in their
school, so they develop a plan to test the curriculum in all of the schools in their county.
This plan shows that the teachers recognise the importance of ___________________.

a) proving that their theory is testable

b) demonstrating their pathological scepticism
c) showing that required math tests are invalid
d) replicating the original findings to increase confidence in them

22) Daniel is interested in studying how children’s behaviour changes when they grow up in
high-risk environments. He enlists 500 children and their parents to take part in his
research and observes these children once a year for 20 years. Despite the fact that this
research is very time consuming and expensive, it gives very good information about
how the children age over time. This type of research is an example of a ________ study.

a) sequential
b) cross-sectional
c) longitudinal
d) continuous

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Revision questions 01 – Intro & Science of BHD

23) A medical doctor believes that the presence of aromatherapy will reduce the anxiety of
first-time mothers-to-be during labour and will increase their reported satisfaction with
their care at his hospital. He randomly assigns mothers to give birth in a room either
with or without aromatherapy. What is the independent variable in this example?

a) Anxiety level during labour.

b) Number of previous birthing experiences.
c) Room environment.
d) Satisfaction with hospital care.

24) What is the main difference between an experiment and a correlational study?

a) An experiment involves the manipulation of variables, while a correlational study

does not.
b) A correlational study involves the manipulation of variables, while an experiment
does not.
c) An experiment looks at the relationship between independent and dependent
variables, while a correlational study looks at the relationship between within-group
and between-group variables.
d) A correlational study looks at the relationship between independent and dependent
variables, while an experiment looks at the relationship between within-group and
between-group variables.

25) Why is it difficult to make generalisations based on the results of case study research?

a) Because case study research is, by definition, immune to the error of making
generalisations. That is its greatest strength!
b) Because the statistics involved in case study research do not allow one to draw larger
conclusions about a population.
c) Because a case study involves only one or a few subjects, their actions may be
atypical and not representative of a larger group of people or population.
d) Because case studies involve far too many people to allow for generalisations. You
would be better off using a research design that uses fewer participants.

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Revision questions 01 – Intro & Science of BHD