Filtering numbers

I N T E R M E D I AT E S Q L

Jasmin Ludolf
Data Science Content Developer,
DataCamp
WHERE
WHERE filtering clause

INTERMEDIATE SQL
WHERE
WHERE color = 'green'

INTERMEDIATE SQL
WHERE with comparison operators
SELECT title
FROM films
WHERE release_year > 1960;

|title |
|---------------------|
|Judgment at Nuremberg|
|Pocketful of Miracles|
|The Hustler |
|The Misfits |
...

INTERMEDIATE SQL
Comparison operators
SELECT title
FROM films
WHERE release_year < 1960;

|title |
|-----------------------------------------------|
|Intolerance:Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages|
|Over the Hill to the Poorhouse |
|The Big Parade |
|Metropolis |
...

INTERMEDIATE SQL
Comparison operators
SELECT title
FROM films
WHERE release_year <= 1960;

|title |
|-----------------------------------------------|
|Intolerance:Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages|
|Over the Hill to the Poorhouse |
|The Big Parade |
|Metropolis |
...

INTERMEDIATE SQL
Comparison operators
SELECT title
FROM films
WHERE release_year = 1960;

|title |
|-------------|
|Elmer Gantry |
|Psycho |
|The Apartment|

INTERMEDIATE SQL
Comparison operators
SELECT title
FROM films
WHERE release_year <> 1960;

|title |
|-----------------------------------------------|
|Intolerance:Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages|
|Over the Hill to the Poorhouse |
|The Big Parade |
|Metropolis |
...

INTERMEDIATE SQL
Comparison operators
> Greater than or after

< Less than or before

= Equal to

>= Greater than or equal to

<= Less than or equal to

<> Not equal to

INTERMEDIATE SQL
WHERE with strings
Use single-quotes around strings we want to filter

SELECT title
FROM films
WHERE country = 'Japan';

|title |
|-----------------|
|Seven Samurai |
|Tora! Tora! Tora!|
|Akira |
|Madadayo |
|Street Fighter |

INTERMEDIATE SQL
Order of execution
-- Written code: -- Order of execution:
SELECT item SELECT item
FROM coats FROM coats
WHERE color = 'green' WHERE color = 'green'
LIMIT 5; LIMIT 5;

INTERMEDIATE SQL
Let's practice!
I N T E R M E D I AT E S Q L
 Multiple criteria
I N T E R M E D I AT E S Q L

Jasmin Ludolf
Data Science Content Developer,
DataCamp
Multiple criteria

INTERMEDIATE SQL
Multiple criteria

INTERMEDIATE SQL
Multiple criteria

INTERMEDIATE SQL
Multiple criteria
OR , AND , BETWEEN

SELECT *
FROM coats
WHERE color = 'yellow' OR length = 'short';

SELECT *
FROM coats
WHERE color = 'yellow' AND length = 'short';

SELECT *
FROM coats
WHERE buttons BETWEEN 1 AND 5;

INTERMEDIATE SQL
OR operator
Use OR when you need to satisfy at least one condition

INTERMEDIATE SQL
OR operator
Correct: Invalid:

SELECT title SELECT title

FROM films FROM films
WHERE release_year = 1994 WHERE release_year = 1994 OR 2000;
OR release_year = 2000;
argument of OR must be type boolean,
|title | not type integer
|-------------------------| LINE 3: WHERE release_year = 1994
|3 Ninjas Kick Back | OR 2000;
|A Low Down Dirty Shame | ^
|Ace Ventura:Pet Detective|
...

INTERMEDIATE SQL
AND operator
Use AND if we need to satisfy all criteria
Correct:
Invalid:
SELECT title
SELECT title
FROM films
FROM films
WHERE release_year > 1994
WHERE release_year > 1994 AND < 2000;
AND release_year < 2000;

syntax error at or near "[removed]

|title |
1994 AND < 2000;
|-----------------------------|
^
|Ace Ventura:When Nature Calls|
|Apollo 13 |
|Assassins |
|Babe |
...

INTERMEDIATE SQL
AND, OR
Filter films released in 1994 or 1995, and certified PG or R
Enclose individual clauses in parentheses

SELECT title
FROM films
WHERE (release_year = 1994 OR release_year = 1995)
AND (certification = 'PG' OR certification = 'R');

|title |
|----------------------|
|3 Ninjas Kick Back |
|A Low Down Dirty Shame|
|Baby's Day Out |
|Beverly Hills Cop III |
...

INTERMEDIATE SQL
BETWEEN, AND
SELECT title SELECT title
FROM films FROM films
WHERE release_year >= 1994 WHERE release_year
AND release_year <= 2000; BETWEEN 1994 AND 2000;

|title | |title |
|-------------------------| |-------------------------|
|3 Ninjas Kick Back | |3 Ninjas Kick Back |
|A Low Down Dirty Shame | |A Low Down Dirty Shame |
|Ace Ventura:Pet Detective| |Ace Ventura:Pet Detective|
|Baby's Day Out | |Baby's Day Out |
... ...

INTERMEDIATE SQL
BETWEEN, AND, OR
SELECT title
FROM films
WHERE release_year
BETWEEN 1994 AND 2000 AND country='UK';

|title |
|---------------------------|
|Four Weddings and a Funeral|
|The Hudsucker Proxy |
|Dead Man Walking |
|GoldenEye |
...

INTERMEDIATE SQL
Let's practice!
I N T E R M E D I AT E S Q L
 Filtering text
I N T E R M E D I AT E S Q L

Jasmin Ludolf
Data Science Content Developer,
DataCamp
Filtering text
WHERE can also filter text

SELECT title
FROM films
WHERE country = 'Japan';

|title |
|-----------------|
|Seven Samurai |
|Tora! Tora! Tora!|
|Akira |
|Madadayo |
|Street Fighter |

INTERMEDIATE SQL
Filtering text
Filter a pattern rather than specific text
LIKE

NOT LIKE

IN

INTERMEDIATE SQL
LIKE
Used to search for a pattern in a field
% match zero, one, or many characters
_ match a single character

SELECT name
SELECT name
FROM people
FROM people
WHERE name LIKE 'Ade%';
WHERE name LIKE 'Ev_';

|name |
|name |
|-------------|
|-------------|
|Adel Karam |
|Eve |
|Adelaide Kane|
|Aden Young | Ev_ Mendes

INTERMEDIATE SQL
NOT LIKE
SELECT name SELECT name
FROM people; FROM people
WHERE name NOT LIKE 'A.%';
|name |
|------------------| |name |
|50 Cent | |-------------|
|A. Michael Baldwin| |50 Cent |
|A. Raven Cruz | |Aaliyah |
|A.J. Buckley | |Aaron Ashmore|
|A.J. DeLucia | |Aaron Hann |
... ...

INTERMEDIATE SQL
Wildcard position
SELECT name SELECT name
FROM people FROM people
WHERE name LIKE '%r'; WHERE name LIKE '__t%';

|name | |name |
|---------------| |-----------------------|
|A.J. Langer | |Aitana Sánchez-Gijón |
|Aaron Schneider| |Anthony 'Critic' Campos|
|Aaron Seltzer | |Anthony Bell |
|Abigail Spencer| |Anthony Burrell |
... ...

INTERMEDIATE SQL
WHERE, OR
SELECT title
FROM films
WHERE release_year = 1920
OR release_year = 1930
OR release_year = 1940;

|title |
|------------------------------|
|Over the Hill to the Poorhouse|
|Hell's Angels |
|Boom Town |
...

INTERMEDIATE SQL
WHERE, IN
SELECT title
FROM films
WHERE release_year IN (1920, 1930, 1940);

|title |
|------------------------------|
|Over the Hill to the Poorhouse|
|Hell's Angels |
|Boom Town |
...

INTERMEDIATE SQL
WHERE, IN
SELECT title
FROM films
WHERE country IN ('Germany', 'France');

|title |
|-------------|
|Metropolis |
|Pandora's Box|
|The Train |
...

INTERMEDIATE SQL
Let's practice!
I N T E R M E D I AT E S Q L
 NULL values
I N T E R M E D I AT E S Q L

Jasmin Ludolf
Data Science Content Developer,
DataCamp
Missing values
COUNT(field_name) includes only non-missing values

COUNT(*) includes missing values

null

Missing values:
Human error

Information not available

Unknown

INTERMEDIATE SQL
null
SELECT COUNT(*) AS count_records SELECT *
FROM people; FROM people;

|count_records| |id|name |birthdate |deathdate|

|-------------| |--|------------------|----------|---------|
|8397 | |1 |50 Cent |1975-07-06|null |
|2 |A. Michael Baldwin|1963-04-04|null |
|3 |A. Raven Cruz |null |null |
...

INTERMEDIATE SQL
IS NULL
SELECT name
FROM people
WHERE birthdate IS NULL;

|name |
|-------------|
|A. Raven Cruz|
|A.J. DeLucia |
|Aaron Hann |
...

INTERMEDIATE SQL
IS NOT NULL
SELECT COUNT(*) AS no_birthdates SELECT COUNT(name) AS count_birthdates
FROM people FROM people
WHERE birthdate IS NULL; WHERE birthdate IS NOT NULL;

|no_birthdates| |count_birthdates|
|-------------| |----------------|
|2245 | |6152 |

INTERMEDIATE SQL
COUNT() vs IS NOT NULL
SELECT SELECT
COUNT(certification) COUNT(certification)
AS count_certification AS count_certification
FROM films; FROM films
WHERE certification IS NOT NULL;

|count_certification|
|-------------------| |count_certification|
|4666 | |-------------------|
|4666 |

INTERMEDIATE SQL
NULL put simply
NULL values are missing values

Very common

Use IS NULL or IS NOT NULL to:

Identify missing values

Select missing values

Exclude missing values

INTERMEDIATE SQL
Let's practice!
I N T E R M E D I AT E S Q L