TABLES 187 Table 1(a) continued z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 00 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359 0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753 02 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141 03 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517 04 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879 0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224 0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549 07 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852 08 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133 09 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389 10 0.8413 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621 Ll 0.8643 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830 12 0.8849 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015 13 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177 14 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9278 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319 1s 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441 16 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545 it 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633 18 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706 19 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767 2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817 a 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857 22 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890 23 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916 24 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936 25 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952 2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964 27 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974 28 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981 29 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986 3.0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990 31 0.9990 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9993 0.9993 3.2 0.9993 0.9993 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 01,9904 0, 9995 0.9995 0.9995 33 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9996 0.9996 0,9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9997 34 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0. 9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9998 Source: Walpole and Myers, 1989Table 1 The normal curve TABLES (a) Area under the normal curve z z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0,0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0010 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0007 0.0007 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0012 0.0012 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0010 0.0010 -29 0.0019 0.0018 0.0017 0.0017 0.0016 0.0016 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014 0.0014 —28 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.0021 0.0021 0.0020 0.0019 -2.7 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026 -2.6 0.0047 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0041 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036 25 0.0062 0.0060 0.0059 0.0057 0.0055 0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048 0.0082 0.0080 0.0078 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0068 0.0066 0.0064 Lu 0.0107 0.0104 0.0102 0.0099 0.0096 0.0094 0.0091 0.0089 0.0087 0.0084 -22 0.0139 0.0136 0.0132 0.0129 0.0124 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110 -21 0.0179 0.0174 0.0170 0.0166 0.0162 0.0158 0.0154 0.0150 0.0146 0.0143 -20 0.0228 0.0222 0.0217 0.0212 0.0207 0.0202 0.0197 0.0192 0.0188 0.0183 -19 0.0287 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268 0.0262 0.0256 0.0250 0.0244 0.0239 0.0233 -18 0.0359 0.0352 0.0344 0.0336 0.0329 0.0322 0.0314 0.0307 0.0301 0.0294 -17 0.0446 0.0436 0.0427 0.0418 0.0409 0.0401 0.0392 0.0384 0.0375 0.0367 16 0.0548 0.0537 0.0526 0.0516 0.0505 0.0495 0.0485 0.0475 0.0465 0.0455 -15 0.0668 0.0655 0.0643 0.0630 0.0618 0.0606 0.0594 0.0582 0.0571 0.0559 -14 0.0808 0.0793 0.0778 0.0764 0.0749 0.0735 0.0722 0.0708 0.0694 0.0681 -13 0.0968 0.0951 0.0934 0.0918 0.0901 0.0885 0.0869 0.0853 0.0838 0.0823 -12 O.1151 0.1131 0.1112 0.1093 0.1075 0.1056 0.1038 0.1020 0.1003 0.0985 ali 0.1357 0.1335 0.1314 0.1292 0.1271 0.1251 0.1230 0.1210 0.1190 0.1170 -10 0.1587 0.1562 0.1539 0.1515 0.1492 0.1469 0.1446 0.1423 0.1401 0.1379 09 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.1660 0.1635 0.1611 0.8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867 -07 0.2420 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148 0.6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451 0.5 0.3085 0.3050 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.2810 0.2776 04 0.3446 0.3409 0.3372 0.3336 0.3300 0.3264 0.3228 0.3192 0.3156 0.3121 0.3 0.3821 0.3783 0.3745 0.3707 0.3669 0.3632 0.3594 0.3557 0.3520 0.3483 02 0.4207 0.4168 0.4129 0.4090 0.4052 0.4013 0.3974 0.3936 0.3897 0.3859 -O.1 0.4602 0.4562 0.4522 0.4483 0.4443 0.4404 0.4364 0.4325 0.4286 0.4247 —0.0 0.5000 0.4960 0.4920 0.4880 _ 0.4840 0.4801 _0.4761_0.4721_0.4681_ 0.4641188 100 STATISTICAL TESTS (b) critical values for a standard normal distribution The normal distribution is symmetrical with respect to pr = 0. Two-sided One-sided z 0.001 0.0005 3.29 0.002 0.001 3.09 0.0026 0.0013 3.00 0.01 0.05 2.58 0.02 0.01 2.33 0.0456 0.0228, 2.00 0.05 0.025 1.96 0.10 0.05 1.64 0.20 0.10 1.28 0.318 0.159 1.00TABLES Table 2. Critical values of the t-distribution Level of significance a v | 010 0.05 0.025 0.01 __0.005 1 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657 2 1886 2920 4303 6.965 9.925 3 1.638 2353 3.182 4541 5.841 4 1533 2132-2776 3.747 4.604 5 1476 2015 2571 3.365 4.032 6 1440 1.943 2447 3.143 3.707 7 1415 1895 2365 2.998 3.499 8 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 9 1.383 1833 2.262 2.821 3.250 10 1372 1812 2.228 2.764 3.169 u 1.363 1.796 2.201 2718 3.106 12 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 13, 1.350 1771 2.160 2.650 3.012 4 1345 1761 2145 2.624 2.977 15 1341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 16 1.337 1.746 2.120 2583 2.921 17 1333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 18 1.330 1.734 2.101 2552 2.878 19 1328 1.729 2.093 2539 2.861 20 1325 1,725 2.086 2528 2.845 21 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 2 1321 1717 2074 2508 2.819 23 1319 1.714 2.069 2500 2.807 24 13181711 2.492 2.797 25 1316 1.708 2.485 2.787 26 1315 1,706 2.056 2.479 2.779 27 1.314 1.703 2.052, 2.473 2.71 28 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 29 1311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 30 1310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 co | 1.282 1.645 1.960 __ 2.326 _2.576 Source: Fisher and Yates, 1974 189