The 8th International Competition of the

Military Technical College

(ICMTC 2024)

Lt. General Ibrahim Selim Award For Innovation

Details, Rules, and Format

Student teams are invited to compete and demonstrate their vehicles at the Unmanned
Aerial Vehicle Challenge held at the Military Technical College in

Kobry El-Kobba, Cairo, Egypt, on July 27th – August 1st , 2024

December 7th, 2023

The 8th International Competition of the
Military Technical College

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Challenge

(UAVC -7)
 The 8th International Competition of the Military Technical College
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Challenge (UAVC-7)

Contents
Contents ................................................................................................................................... 3
List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... 5
Glossary and Abbreviations......................................................................................................... 6
1. Document Structure............................................................................................................. 7
2. Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Objectives of the event ...................................................................................................... 7
3. Competition Overview ......................................................................................................... 8
3.1 Context ............................................................................................................................ 8
3.2 Generic mission tasks ........................................................................................................ 8
3.3 Schedule .......................................................................................................................... 8
3.4 Engineering events ............................................................................................................ 9
3.5 Eligibility and team structure ............................................................................................ 10
3.6 Sponsorship of teams ....................................................................................................... 10
3.7 Costs and funding ........................................................................................................... 10
4. Design and Operational Requirements .............................................................................. 11
4.1 UAVC design requirements .............................................................................................. 11
4.1.1 Airframe configuration and mass ................................................................................ 11
4.1.2 Propulsion ............................................................................................................... 11
4.1.3 Payload specification ................................................................................................ 11
4.1.4 Payload carriage and delivery ..................................................................................... 11
4.1.5 Autonomy ................................................................................................................ 11
4.1.6 Radio equipment....................................................................................................... 12
4.1.7 Camera / Imaging system ........................................................................................... 12
4.1.8 Location finder ......................................................................................................... 12
4.1.9 Limits on use of Commercial off-the-Shelf (COTS) items.............................................. 12
4.2 Operational requirements ................................................................................................. 12
4.2.1 Missions .................................................................................................................. 13
4.2.2 Takeoff and landing .................................................................................................. 13
4.2.3 Design mission range and endurance ........................................................................... 13
4.2.4 Weather limitations ................................................................................................... 13
4.2.5 Ground control station (GCS) ..................................................................................... 13
4.3 Safety and environmental requirements ............................................................................. 14
4.3.1 Flight termination system (FTS) ................................................................................. 14
4.3.2 Other design safety requirements ................................................................................ 14
4.3.3 Operational safety requirements ................................................................................. 14
4.3.4 Pilot qualifications .................................................................................................... 15
4.3.5 Environmental impact ............................................................................................... 15
4.3.6 Flight course ............................................................................................................ 15

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 The 8th International Competition of the Military Technical College
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4.3.7 Protest procedure ...................................................................................................... 15

5. Statement of Work................................................................................................................ 15
5.1 Competition stages .......................................................................................................... 15
5.2 Deliverable Items Description........................................................................................... 17
5.2.1 Design Reports ......................................................................................................... 17
5.2.2 Design Presentation .................................................................................................. 17
5.2.3 Manufacturing Poster ................................................................................................ 17
5.3 Demonstration Event ....................................................................................................... 17
5.3.1 Logistics .................................................................................................................. 17
5.3.2 Scrutineering ............................................................................................................ 18
5.3.3 Manufacturing assessment ......................................................................................... 18
5.3.4 Certification flight test ............................................................................................... 19
5.3.5 Flight demonstration missions .................................................................................... 19
5.3.6 Safety of operations .................................................................................................. 19
6. Adjudication and Scoring Criteria .......................................................................................... 19
6.1 Overall scoring breakdown ............................................................................................... 19
6.2 Flight demonstration........................................................................................................ 20
6.2.1 Mission 1: Payload delivery in the presence of obstacles ............................................... 20
6.2.2 Mission 2: Search, locate, and identify ........................................................................ 22
6.2.3 Mission 3: Endurance in the presence of obstacles ........................................................ 23
Annex A Missions ................................................................................................................... 25
A.1 Objective....................................................................................................................... 25
A.2 General Points ............................................................................................................... 25
A.2.1 Takeoff ................................................................................................................... 25
A.2.2 Landing .................................................................................................................. 25
A.2.3 Navigation .............................................................................................................. 25
A.2.4 Operating Height ..................................................................................................... 26
A.2.5 Timing.................................................................................................................... 26
Annex B Document Templates and Guidance .............................................................................. 27
B.1 Preliminary Design Review (PDR) submission .................................................................. 27
B.2 Critical Design Review (CDR) Submission........................................................................ 28
B.3 Flight Readiness Review (FRR) Submission ...................................................................... 30
Annex C Airfield/Flying Zone boundries .................................................................................... 31
C.2 Target description ........................................................................................................... 32

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List of Figures

Figure 1 UAVC Stages and Deliverables ................................................................................. 16

Figure 2 Mission Flight Boundary ........................................................................................... 31

Figure 3 Waypoints, possible Airdrop Location & Boundary ................................................. 31

Figure 4 Target Dimensions. .................................................................................................... 32

Figure 5 Airfield Plan............................................................................................................... 32

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Glossary and Abbreviations

AGL Above Ground Level

CDR Critical Design Review
COTS Commercial off-the-shelf
FRR Flight Readiness Review
FSO Flight Safety Officer
FTS Flight Termination System
GCS Ground Control Station
GPS Global Positioning System
ISM Industrial, Scientific, and Medical
MTOW Maximum Take-off Weight
PDR Preliminary Design Review
VLOS Visual line of sight
FRR Flight Readiness Review
RC Radio Control
UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
VTOL Vertical Take-Off Landing
WP Waypoint
IFF If and only If

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1. Document Structure
Section 1 The introduction and overview.
Section 2 An overview of the competition, what is involved for participating teams, the
schedule of key activities, eligibility, and funding.
Section 3 The requirement specification for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), with
sufficient information for teams to design and develop the system.
Section 4 The statement of work for the competition, outlining what is required in each of
the stages, including the design review deliverables.
Section 5 The adjudication and scoring criteria. This should help the teams in selecting and
designing their concept to maximize their score.
Annex A The representative missions to be flown, and around which the UAV is to be
designed.
Annex B Document templates and guidance for completion of the three design review
deliverables, the Preliminary Design Report (PDR), Critical Design Report
(CDR), and Flight Readiness Report (FRR).

2. Introduction

2.1 Overview
The competition will engage university undergraduate/graduate students in the design,
construction, development, and demonstration of autonomous UAVs with a Maximum Takeoff
Weight (MTOW) of 10 Kg and operating within Visual Line of Sight (VLOS). The competition
awards, named in honor of the co-founder of the MTC, Lt. General Ibrahim Selim, aim to encourage
students at all levels of education to participate in teams and gain hands-on experience. Students
will experience how to work in an organized team and there will be roles for team members from
non-engineering disciplines such as business, management, media, etc. The system will be required
to operate automatically, performing a series of tasks such as area search, navigating waypoints,
accurately dropping payloads, and returning to base via a defined route.

2.2 Objectives of the event

The event has several objectives, in particular to:
• Provide an opportunity for students to learn practical aerospace engineering skills for
industry.
• Provide a challenge to students in systems engineering of a complex system requiring them
to follow an industry-recognized engineering development lifecycle (design, development,
and demonstration) against the demanding mission requirements.

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• Provide an opportunity for students to develop and demonstrate teamwork, leadership, and
commercial skills as well as technical competence.
• Enhance employment opportunities in the sector and foster inter-university collaboration in
the UAV technology area, and provide a forum for interdisciplinary research.

3. Competition Overview

3.1 Context
The competition is structured to replicate a real UAV design, development process, build, test
and demonstration. Deliverables have been carefully specified to maintain reasonable technical
accuracy, yet aiming to keep the workload manageable for student teams.

3.2 Generic mission tasks

The competition is to design, build and demonstrate an autonomous UAV to perform some
missions. The competition seeks to test some characteristics, such as:
• Accuracy of payload delivery to pre-determined points on the ground.
• The maximum mass of payload that can be safely transported in an allocated time.
• Shortest time to complete the payload delivery mission.
• Navigation accuracy via waypoint coordinates provided on the day.
• Object recognition, detection, and geo-location.
• The extent of automatic operations from take-off to landing.
• Safety, demonstrating safe design and flight operations throughout.
• Minimum environmental impact, notably noise levels and overall efficiency.
• Maximum payload / empty weight ratio.

3.3 Schedule

Key dates and activities are as follows:

Activity Date
2024 Rules provided to entrants 7th December 2023
Entries submitted to MTC 15th March 2024
Complete Concept Stage & PDR Submission 30th March 2024
Complete Detail Design Stage and CDR Submission 26th April 2024
Complete Manufacture, Test, and FRR Submission 24th May 2024
Acceptance from the Technical Committee 1st July 2024
Demonstration Event 27th July – 1st August 2024

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* Tentative dates: noting that adherence to deadlines is a prerequisite for next stage entry, and
the organizer retains the right to eliminate any team in the event who will not submit all required
deliverables on time.

3.4 Engineering events

The competition has been designed to give students exposure to several disciplines that they
will need in their engineering careers, and the requirement provides many engineering events.
Factors which the judges will be looking for include:
• A methodical systems engineering approach to identify the requirements, selection of
the concept with a design to meet those requirements, and then test to confirm that the
actual system meets the requirements in practice.
• An elegant and efficient design solution, supported by an appropriate depth of analysis
and modeling.
• Innovation in the approach to solving the engineering events.
• Due to consideration of the safety and airworthiness requirements which must be
addressed from the early concept stage right through into the flying demonstration.
• Appreciation of the practical engineering issues and sound design principles essential
for a successful, robust, and reliable UAV; e.g. adequate strength and stiffness of key
structural components, alignment of control rods/mountings, servos specified
appropriately for the control loads, consideration given to maintenance, ease of repair in
the field.
• Construction quality, paying attention to good aerospace practice for such details as the
connection of control linkages, use of locknuts, security of wiring and connections, the
resilience of the airframe, and undercarriage.
• Good planning and teamwork; organizing the team to divide roles and responsibilities.
Good communication and planning will be essential to achieve a successful competitive
entry, on time and properly tested before the Demonstration Event.
• Autonomous operations; the UAV should ideally be able to operate automatically,
without pilot intervention from take-off to touchdown.
• A strong business proposition for your design, demonstrating a good commercial
understanding of how your design might be developed to generate revenue for an
operator.
• Attention to environmental impact, including minimizing noise, developing an efficient
aircraft design, which minimizes energy consumption, and attention to minimizing the
use of hazardous materials.

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3.5 Eligibility and team structure

The competition is open to graduate / undergraduate students (18 years old) from any Egyptian
or overseas educational institutes. Each university is allowed to join the UAVC competition with up
to two teams.
Universities may form an alliance to enter a joint team. Industry specialists’ support may be
allowed where specific skills and knowledge are required outside the scope of the undergraduate
students. The extent of such support must be declared clearly in the CDR submission.
The numbers of members in each team will be entirely determined by the participating entity,
whilst having a set of defined performance objectives to achieve, is as much about the development
and demonstration of team-working skills.
The development team must consist of graduate and undergraduate students, which attend
universities full-time for at least one semester during the academic year. The team may have at most
1 graduate student participate during the academic year. While the team members who attend the
competition, and participate in Mission Demonstration event are limited to no more than 10
members per team (including up to 3 supporting staff, e.g. safety pilots or academic staff). Safety
pilots and academic staff must register for the competition and submit their official ID for security
clearance as well.
One member of the competition team will fill the role of team leader. This student will be the
primary point of contact for the judges. The team leader must submit all questions, comments,
statements, and deliverables. The judges must be immediately notified of any team leader change.
The assigned safety pilot for whom a safety pilot log is required can be either a student, the
advisor, or else. In the competition, each team can have has own safety pilot or request a competition
volunteer safety pilot.

3.6 Sponsorship of teams

Participating entities are encouraged to approach potential sponsors, at any time before or
during the competition, for both financial support and/or technical advice. Note that where technical
advice is received from sponsors, the judges will need to be sure that the students themselves have
undertaken by far the majority of the development work. Such sponsorship must be fully
acknowledged in the design review submissions.

3.7 Costs and funding

An entry fee of 5000 EGP for residents (500 USD for internationals) per team
(maximum 10 members). An extra fee of 500 EGP for residents (50 USD for internationals) per
person for any extra team members and up to 5 members is payable upon submission of an entry
form (Registration). This fee contributes towards the cost of putting on the Demonstration Event. It

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is non-refundable if a team cannot participate in the Demonstration Event. MTC will not fund the
costs of the UAV design and development, nor the team attendance at the Demonstration event.
Any payments will be refunded ONLY in case of rejected teams.

4. Design and Operational Requirements

The UAV must be designed to perform up to three missions whilst being compliant with the
specification defined in this section. The term ‘must’ denotes a mandatory requirement; the term
‘should’ denotes a highly desirable requirement.
Where a paragraph is in italics and preceded by “Note:” this indicates a point of guidance or
clarification rather than a design requirement.

4.1 UAVC design requirements

4.1.1 Airframe configuration and mass
Fixed-wing, rotary-wing, fixed-wing with Vertical Take-Off Landing (VTOL), or other
airframe configurations are permissible for the missions. The teams’ main challenge is to optimize
their airframe choice and design to achieve high scores in the missions. For all airframes, the MTOW
must not exceed 10 kg, including the payload(s). An additional 50 bonus points will be collected by
the fixed-wing VTOL airframe will join the competition.

4.1.2 Propulsion
Electric motors or internal combustion engines are permitted for propulsion.

4.1.3 Payload specification

The payload to be delivered by the UAV is flour/sand bags wrapped with colored tape for
identification of minimum weight 500 gm/bag and its integral multiplication. Teams will be
assigned the colors in the UAVC orientation session.

4.1.4 Payload carriage and delivery

The UAV should be designed to carry and deliver multiple payloads onto a target area. A
greater mass of payloads delivered scores more points. The payloads must be individually
deployable from the UAV by either manual or automatic commands. The payloads must be deployed
whilst the UAV is in flight, from a minimum height of 50 m Above Ground Level (AGL). The UAV
is not permitted to land to deploy the payload.

4.1.5 Autonomy
The UAV should operate in a fully autonomous manner as far as practicable, including
automatic take-off and landing. Auxiliary launch/landing equipment is permitted, so long as it all

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operates autonomously. Hand launch is also permitted. UAVs that are manually operated, are
permitted, although the manual operation will be subjected to penalties.

4.1.6 Radio equipment

Radio equipment, including data and video links, must be capable of reliable operating ranges
of 1-2 km. Radio equipment providing control of the UAV and the Flight Termination System must
be ‘Spread Spectrum’ compliant on the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, to allow
simultaneous testing of several UAV without interference. Evidence of compliance must be
presented in the CDR submission and at the scrutinizing. The radio equipment must include a RC
transmitter to allow the flight safety pilot to activate the flight termination system via the RC.

4.1.7 Camera / Imaging system

The UAV should carry a camera system and target recognition capability to undertake the
target search, location, and identification exercise set out in A.3.2 Mission 2: Search, locate, and
identify.

4.1.8 Location finder

It is recommended that in the event of the UAV making an un-commanded departure and
landing outside of the designated landing area, the UAV makes an audible/visual warning to
improve ease of UAV location.

4.1.9 Limits on use of Commercial off-the-Shelf (COTS) items

UAV airframe and control systems must be designed from scratch, and not based upon
commercially available kits or systems. This is a qualifying rule, meaning that an entrant based on
a commercially available system will not be eligible for consideration. A bill of materials and costs
will be required as part of the design submission. Low-cost efficient solutions will score more points.
Teams may use COTS components that already exist at the university, but for which no receipts are
available. An estimate of the price can be obtained by looking up part numbers or by the
manufacturer, and a screenshot of the price will suffice.
Teams must also demonstrate that the manufacture of the airframe and integration of the UAV
involves a significant proportion of effort from the students themselves, rather than being
substantially outsourced to a contractor.
Teams must use commercial batteris (in good conditions) rather than hand-made batteries.
Batteries should have clear and visible specifications and labels to facilate (pass) safety and technical
inspections.

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4.2 Operational requirements

4.2.1 Missions
Three separate missions can be flown, each testing different performance characteristics of
the UAV. These are payload delivery in the presence of obstacles, reconnaissance (Search, locate,
and identify) and endurance in the presence of obstacles. Details of the three missions are set out in
Annex A. The scoring criteria for these missions are presented in section 5.2 Flight Demonstration.

4.2.2 Takeoff and landing

The UAV must be designed to take-off and land from within a 30 m side length square. The
UAV should be capable of operating from short grass, sand, or hard runway surfaces. Use of an
auxiliary launcher or hand launch is permitted providing the design and the Flight Safety Officer
and Scrutineers deem operation satisfactory.

4.2.3 Design mission range and endurance

The UAV should be designed to operate not further than 500 m from the pilot. For resilience
of operation, the radio equipment including data links must be capable of reliable operating ranges
of 1-2 km. For the purpose of sizing the fuel/battery load, the design team should consider Mission
3 in particular, which is designed to test the endurance of the UAV. For more details, please refer to
section “5.2.3 Mission 3: Endurance in the presence of obstacles”.
4.2.4 Weather limitations
The UAV should be designed to operate in winds of up to 10 m/s gusting to 15 m/s, and light
rain. The UAV should typically be capable of take-off and landing in crosswind components to the
runway of 5 m/s with gusts of 8 m/s.
4.2.5 Ground control station (GCS)
In the Ground Control Station, it is desirable but not mandated that the following information
should be displayed and be visible to the Operators, Flight Safety Officer, and Judges:
• Current UAV position on a moving map.
• Local Airspace, including the Flying Zone.
• Height AGL.
• Indicated Airspeed.
• Information on UAV Health.
In the absence of such live telemetry/ ground station, the Judges and/or Flight Safety
Officer’s decision on flight capability is final. Teams must submit the flight log file to ground station
judge for mission evaluation.

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4.3 Safety and environmental requirements

4.3.1 Flight termination system (FTS)
FTS must be incorporated as part of the design and is a mandatory requirement to achieve a
permit to fly. The purpose of the FTS is to initiate automatically all relevant actions which transform
the UAV into a low energy state should the data links between the GCS and UAV be lost or be
subject to interference/degradation. The FTS must also be capable of manual selection via the
Remote Control (RC), should the Flight Safety Officer (FSO) deem the UAV’s behavior a threat to
the maintenance of air safety. The actions of the FTS must aim to safely land the UAV as soon as
possible after initiation. The throttle must be set to idle / engine off. Other actions could include, but
are not limited to: deployment of a recovery parachute; the movement of all control surfaces to a
default position to achieve a glide; the initiation of a deep stall maneuver; movement of the relevant
control surfaces to achieve a gentle turn. The FTS must be automatically initiated after 5 seconds of
lost uplink. The uplink is defined as the data link which provides control inputs to the UAV from
the GCS (manually or autonomously), including manual initiation of the FTS. The FTS should be
automatically initiated promptly and no longer than 10 seconds after the lost downlink. The
downlink is defined as the data link, which relays the UAV’s telemetry / positional info and video
feed to the GCS. A ‘Return to Home’ function is not acceptable as an FTS.

4.3.2 Other design safety requirements

The design and construction of the UAV must employ good design practice, with appropriate
use of materials and components; the design must be supported by appropriate analysis to
demonstrate satisfactory structural integrity, stability and control, flight and navigation
performance, and reliability of safety-critical systems.
Batteries used in the UAV must contain bright colors to facilitate their location in the event
of a crash. At least 25% of the upper, lower, and each side surface must be a bright color to facilitate
visibility in the air and in the case of a crash. Any fuel/battery combination deemed high risk in the
opinion of the judges may be disqualified.

4.3.3 Operational safety requirements

The UAV must remain within VLOS and no greater than 500m horizontally from the Pilot,
and remain below 100 m AGL. The UAV must not be flown within 50 m of any person, vessel,
vehicle, or structure not under the control of the Pilot. During take-off or landing, the UAV must
not be flown within 30 m of any person, unless that person is under the control of the pilot. The
maximum airspeed of the UAV in level flight must not exceed 90 m/s. During the entire flight, the
UAV must remain in controlled flight and within the geophone boundary of the flying zone. Failure
of the pilot to recover promptly a UAV appearing uncontrolled or departing from the flying zone
must require activation of the FTS, either by the pilot or at the direction of the FSO.

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4.3.4 Pilot qualifications

The team pilot must have a qualification or equivalent (such equivalence must be
demonstrated to the satisfaction of MTC). Evidence of qualifications must be provided with the FRR
submission or prior field demonstration event. The team pilot must have flown the UAV and tested
it before the competition.

4.3.5 Environmental impact

In the design process, consideration should be given to environmental impact, including the
use of non-hazardous and recyclable materials; low pollution; low energy usage; low noise. Teams
are encouraged to determine the overall efficiency of the UAV, by measuring the energy usage
(chemical or electrical) during the testing before the Demonstration event.

4.3.6 Flight course

The orientation (direction) of the flight course will be adjusted based on the prevailing winds
as determined by the Flight Line Judge. The flight course will be positioned to maintain the greatest
possible safety to personnel and facilities. (Refer to Annex C for Airfield pam and flying zone
boundaries figures)

4.3.7 Protest procedure

Submitting a protest is a serious matter and will be treated as such. Teams may submit a
protest to the contest judicial board at any time during the competition. Protests may not be
submitted after the conclusion of the competition. Protests must be submitted in written format and
signed by the team leader. Designs are not allowed for protest submissions.
Protests and penalties (up to disqualification from the contest for deliberate attempts to
misinform officials, violate the contest rules, or safety infractions) will be decided by the Contest
judicial board. Protests submitted but not upheld by the judges may be given a penalty of the loss of
one flight score to the team submitting the protest. The decision of the Contest judicial board is final.

5. Statement of Work
This section provides details of the activities and outputs in each stage.

5.1 Competition stages

Below, the stages of the competition, and the key deliverables:

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Concept
(PDR Submission)

Design and Development

(CDR Submission)

Manufacturing and Test

(FRR Submission)
Design Certification
Presentation Flight Test

Demonstration

Mission Flights Scrutineering

Business Case
Presentation

Figure 1. UAVC Stages and Deliverables

Concept: Requirements capture, trade studies, selection of system concept, initial sizing and
performance studies, and generation of the outline design. As a guide, this stage concludes with the
PDR submission.
Design and Development: Detailed design for manufacture supported by the structural,
aerodynamic, system, and performance analysis. This stage should include an assessment of how
the requirements are to be verified through the test, and importantly how the safety requirements are
to be met. Some prototyping may also be undertaken. This stage concludes with the CDR
submission.
Manufacture and Test: Construction of the UAV. This may also involve the manufacture of
prototypes during the earlier design stages to de-risk the design. Demonstration through analysis,
modeling, and physical test that the design will meet the requirements, and is sufficiently robust and
reliable. The physical test should include a subsystem test, as well as flight-testing of the complete
UAV. This stage concludes with the submission of the FRR submission.
Demonstration: The flying demonstration event is held over two days and comprises a multi-
stage process of qualification and demonstration, including:
• Design Presentation.
• Scrutineering.
• Certification Flight Test.

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• Mission Flights.
Further details of the Demonstration Event are provided in section 5.3 Demonstration Event.

5.2 Deliverable Items Description

5.2.1 Design Reports
Guidance on the PDR, CDR, and FRR deliverable items is provided at Annex B Document
Templates and Guidance.
5.2.2 Design Presentation
Early in the Demonstration Event, each team will give a 15 min presentation on key aspects
of the design and development to the judging panel. As a guide, the team presentation should include
the FRR Video and 10 PowerPoint slides. There will be up to 10 minutes for questions. Timings
will be strictly enforced.
The assessment panel will be looking to test each team’s communication skills as well as
technical knowledge; demonstrating good teamwork and organization; giving good responses to
questions; demonstrating a clear and concise presentation of the concept selection process, key
design features and supporting analysis, and the development and test program.
5.2.3 Manufacturing Poster
Teams must produce an A1-size poster with pictures and a summary showing the build,
assembly, and test. This must be submitted to the organizers on arrival at the flight demonstration
event and will be displayed at the event. The Judges will review the poster and the scrutineering
panel will assess the manufacturing quality of the physical UAV.

5.3 Demonstration Event

5.3.1 Logistics
A detailed briefing will be given at the beginning of the Demonstration Event covering the
logistics and timings for the event, rules and good conduct for safe operations, pre-flight briefings,
etc. Teams will also be given a running order and strict time schedule for the qualification process,
including presentation, scrutineering certification flight test, and flight missions. The schedule is
necessarily tight and teams who are not ready to fly at their appointed slot time will have to re-apply
for a later slot, at the discretion of the organizers. Note that the flying schedule is likely to be
dynamic and updated during the event to take account of weather and UAV unserviceability.
It is expected that Teams will arrive with a fully serviceable UAV that is in good working
condition. Efforts will be made to retain flexibility in the schedule to allow teams who fail to pass
one of the qualification events time to repair, rectify, test, and re-apply, but scoring penalties may
apply.

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5.3.2 Scrutineering
Following the presentation, a panel of expert aircraft engineers will inspect the UAV to ensure
that it is safe and airworthy, that any Corrective Actions made following the CDR submission or at
the Design presentation have been addressed, and that any late modifications introduced are
reviewed and accepted.
The scrutineering panel will have reviewed the FRR submission, which is a key input to the
scrutineering process as it should contain evidence of satisfactory testing. The assessment will
include:
• Regulatory Compliance - Pass/Fail criteria.

• Control checks – Communications; Function and Sense.

• Radio range check, motor off, and motor on.

• Verify all controls operate in the correct sense.

• Airworthiness Inspection – Structural and Systems Integrity.

• Verify that all components are adequately secured; fasteners are tight and are correctly locked.

• Verify propeller structural and attachment integrity.

• Check general integrity of the payload and deployment system.

• Visual inspection of all electronic wiring to assure adequate wire gauges have been used,
wires and connectors are properly supported.
• Verify the battery connections, tightening, and health (all handmade and non-commercial
batteris are prohibited).
• Verify correct operation of the fail-safe flight termination systems.

Should the UAV fail the scrutineering, the team will be given the chance, if practical and if
time permits, to rectify the issues and re-apply for scrutineering.

5.3.3 Manufacturing assessment

The scrutineering panel will also conduct the manufacturing assessment (a marked prize) and look
for:
• Design and Build quality, including use of appropriate materials, systems integration, and
configuration control.
• Attention to detail in assembly and aesthetics.

• Sound and safe workshop practices.

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5.3.4 Certification flight test

The certification flight test will assess the basic operation, to include:
• Take-off from the designated Take-off and Landing area. After take-off, the UAV
must maintain steady controlled flight at altitudes above 50 m and less than 100 m AGL.
Take-off under manual control with the transition to automatic control is permitted.
• Demonstrate maneuverability by flying a figure of eight, in the same flight.
• Loiter in a ‘racetrack pattern over the airfield at a defined point for a period of 2
minutes at a height of 100 m.
• Land, back at the take-off point.
• An element of ground-based assistance for take-off and landing is acceptable, but the
aircraft should operate automatically during other phases of flight.
• Demonstrate switch between automatic and manual flight.
The assessors will be looking to confirm that the team operating the UAV is competent as
well as confirming the airworthiness of the UAV itself.
5.3.5 Flight demonstration missions
Upon successful issue of a Permit to Fly, the Team will have a short time to prepare their
aircraft for each mission flight.
Three missions comprise payload delivery; reconnaissance and endurance will be detailed
illustrated with examples & waypoint data in Annex A. The exact mission waypoints, target
coordinates, and obstacles will be communicated through the interoperability system and briefed to
each team at the start of the event.
5.3.6 Safety of operations
The Flight Safety Officer must have absolute discretion to refuse team permission to fly or to
order the termination of a flight in progress. Only teams issued with a ‘Permit to Test’ through the
scrutineering process, and a ‘Permit to Fly’ through the certification test flight, will be eligible to
enter the flying demonstration stage. Teams must be responsible for the removal of all batteries from
the site that they bring to the event, including safe disposal of any damaged batteries.

6. Adjudication and Scoring Criteria

6.1 Overall scoring breakdown
The competition will be assessed across three main elements, themselves broken down into
sub-elements:

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Design (100 points), comprising:

• PDR Submission (25)
• CDR Submission (75)
Flight Readiness (150 points), comprising:
• FRR Submission (25)
• Design Presentation (100)
• Scrutineering and Manufacturing Poster Flight (25)
Demonstration (350 points), comprising:
• Mission 1 – Payload Delivery in the presence of obstacles. (150)
• Mission 2 – Search, locate, identify and rescue (100)
• Mission 3 – Endurance in the presence of obstacles. (100)
A maximum of 600 points is therefore available. The detail of scoring the Flight
Demonstration is given in the tables below.

6.2 Flight demonstration

6.2.1 Mission 1: Payload delivery in the presence of obstacles
Carrying the heaviest possible payload mass, after take-off navigates within the flying zone
to visit the given waypoints (WP) 1,2,3,4,5 avoiding the given obstacles, then drop the payload on
the target located on the delivered drop off location (One Payload / Lap), and finally return to the
launch point to land. Repeat until 10 min is finished. Both the weight of the total payload dropped
and their positions relative to the center of the drop area are evaluated. A successful trial is
encountered when successfully visiting waypoints and dropping the payload correctly. Multiple
Landing and takeoff for Payload loading are allowed (Maximum number of the payload must not
exceed the Team maximum payload).
The teams will be given a set of stationary obstacles. Each stationary obstacle will be a solid
cylinder, with a height axis perpendicular to the ground, and a bottom face on the ground. The
cylinders will have a radius between 3 to 5 meters, and a height of 100 meters.
Test Scoring Max Score
• 10 points per 500 gm of payload mass dropped within 20 meters of the
target center.
• 8 points per 500 gm of payload mass between 20 m and 30 m from the
Payload
target center. 60*
Delivery***/Accuracy • 6 points per payload between 30 and 40 meters from the target center.
• 4 points per payload between 40 and 50 meters from the target center.
• 2 points per payload between 50 and 60 meters from the target center.

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Test Scoring Max Score

Payload • 5 points per 500 gm of payload mass dropped within 5 meters of the
Delivery***/Accuracy target center. 5
(bonus)

• 5 points per WP successfully navigated up to a maximum of 25 points

for one successful trial.
• 50 % penalty for single extended breach of Geo-fence (for 5 sec up to
Navigation Accuracy 25
10 sec).
• 100 % penalty for repeated breach of Geo-fence or a period exceeding
10 sec.
• 40 points for fully autonomous operation including Take-Off,
Navigation, Payload Drop, and Landing
• Deduct:
Autonomous Operations ▪ 10 points for manual take-off. 40
▪ 10 points for manual landing.
▪ 10 points for manual payload delivery.
▪ 10 points if the flight is manual.
Score 5 points per obstacle successfully navigated and avoided up to a
Obstacles Avoidance 25
maximum of 25 points (per lap)
Flight level 50>100 Deduct 5 points for each time UAV go below 50 m
Deduct 5 points for failing to land back at the designated take-off and
Landing out
landing point.

Maximum Preparation Deduct 10 points if the team is not ready for take-off within 10 minutes of
Time** arriving at the flight line and the mission will be terminated after 15 minutes.

Maximum Flight line Deduct 5 points for every minute over the 10- minute maximum mission time,
measured from take-off to touchdown and the aircraft coming to a halt, and
Time the mission will be terminated after 15 minutes.
Maximum Score: 150*
* Maximum score assumes 3kg payload mass deployed. Note that 3kg is not a maximum
payload mass limit within the rules (though it may be challenging technically). Thus, the
maximum score achieved could be greater than 150 if more than 3kg payload mass were
successfully deployed.
** Total permitted time is 30 minutes. If the permitted time passed without performing
the mission will be canceled and cannot be repeated however, only the judge board can give
this permission in a specific condition.
*** Payload safely delivered.

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6.2.2 Mission 2: Search, locate, and identify

Search, locate and identify four targets (Country Flags) within a given search area. Search
area boundaries will be submitted to teams in the field. Report the Global Positioning System (GPS)
coordinates of each identified target to the judigcal committee for evaluation. A Bonus fifth target
(out of boundry target) will be set on the field where teams can identify its location as well. Teams
must provide the identified targets information/images over a USB drive before leaving the Ground
station tent.

Mission 2: Target Identification Example

Test Scoring Max Score

• 5 points for each target identified within 5 meters’ accuracy
• 4 points for each target were identified within 5 m and 10 m from
the target center.
• 3 points for each target identified within 10 and 15 meters from the
target center.
Locate Target Accuracy 20
• 2 points for each target identified within 15 and 20 meters from the
target center.
• 1 point for each target identified within 20 and 25 meters from the
target center.
• Score Zero for target reported greater than 25 meters error.

• Score 10 for reporting the identified flags <= 10 minutes after

Reporting Time landing. 10
• Penalty 2 points for each minute over 10 minutes.

Identified Flag’s
Score 5 points for each Flag country recognition. 20
Country

Fifth Target • 10 Points for fifth target detection and identification. 10

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Test Scoring Max Score

• 20 points for fully autonomous operation including Take-Off,
Navigation, Payload Drop, and Landing
• Deduct:
Autonomous Operation 15
▪ 5 points for manual take-off.
▪ 5 points for manual landing.
▪ 5 points if the flight is manual.
Flight level 50>100 Deduct 5 points for each time UAV go below 50 m

Deduct 5 points for failing to land back at the designated take-off and
Landing out
landing point.

Maximum Preparation Deduct 10 points if the team is not ready for take-off within 10 minutes of
arriving at the flight line and the mission will be terminated after 15
Time** minutes.

Maximum Flight line Deduct 5 points for every minute over the 10- minute maximum mission
time, measured from take-off to touchdown and the aircraft coming to a
Time halt, and the mission will be terminated after 15 minutes.

Maximum Score 100

**Total permitted time is 30 minutes. If the permitted time passed without performing the
mission will be canceled and cannot be repeated however, only the judge board can give this
permission in a specific condition.

6.2.3 Mission 3: Endurance in the presence of obstacles

The team declares the mission payload mass, which is validated by the judges before the
mission flight, also ensuring the maximum all-up mass limit is not exceeded. Take-off; fly a
prescribed 1 km course identified by given waypoints around the airfield for as many laps as possible
up to a maximum of six laps and land at the designated landing point. A successful lap is counted If
and only if (IFF) UAV successfully visits all the identified waypoints in its prescribed 1 km course
avoiding the obstacles and returning back to the start point.
The teams will be given a set of stationary obstacles. Each stationary obstacle will be a solid
cylinder, with a height axis perpendicular to the ground, and a bottom face on the ground. The
cylinders will have a radius between 3 to 5 meters, and a height of 100 meters.
Test Scoring Max Score
Score 5 points per 500 gm of payload mass carried. UAV must complete at
Payload Mass 30*
least one full lap to score points.
• 5 points per WP successfully navigated up to a maximum of 25 points
Endurance/ Navigation for one successful trial.
30**
Accuracy • 50 % penalty for single extended breach of Geo-fence (for 5 sec up to
10 sec).

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Test Scoring Max Score

• 100 % penalty for repeated breach of Geo-fence or a period exceeding
10 sec.

• Score as a percentage of the fastest competitor’s time, with a maximum

of 20 points for achieving the fastest average time, defined as mission
Lap Time 20
time from take-off to landing divided by the number of completed laps.
• Score 0 if all the laps are not completed successfully.

• 20 points for fully autonomous operation including Take-Off,

Navigation, Payload Drop, and Landing
Autonomous • Deduct:
15
Operation ▪ 5 points for manual take-off.
▪ 5 points for manual landing.
▪ 5 points if the flight is manual.

Flight level 50>100 Deduct 5 points for each time UAV go below 50 m

Deduct 5 points for failing to land back at the designated take-off and landing
Landing out
point.

Maximum Preparation Deduct 10 points if the team is not ready for take-off within 10 minutes of
Time** arriving at the flight line and the mission will be terminated after 15 minutes.

Maximum Flight line Deduct 5 points for every minute over the 10- minute maximum mission
time, measured from take-off to touchdown and the aircraft coming to a halt,
Time and the mission will be terminated after 15 minutes.

Maximum Score 100 *

* Maximum Payload Mass score assumes 3kg payload mass carried. Note that 3kg is not
a maximum payload mass limit within the rules (though it may be challenging technically).
Thus, the Maximum score could be greater than 100 if more than 3kg of payload mass were
carried.
** Maximum endurance score shown above assumes six laps, though this is not a limit
within the rules. The Maximum Mission Time may dictate the practical limit. The maximum
number of laps could thus be greater than six, with an Endurance score greater than 30.
***Total permitted time is 30 minutes. If the permitted time passed without performing
the mission will be canceled and cannot be repeated however, only the judge board can give
this permission in a specific condition.

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Annex A Missions

A.1 Objective
Three separate missions must be flown, each testing different performance characteristics of
the UAVC.
a. Payload Delivery in the presence of obstacles - testing the UAV load capacity; ability
to carry and accurately deploy a number of payloads; navigation around a preset course;
autonomous operations in ten minutes (no limitation for how many takeoff and landing).
b. Search, Locate, & Identify - testing ability to search one or more areas and locate
targets in the shortest time; autonomous operations.
c. Endurance in the presence of obstacles – testing the UAV endurance around several
laps of a preset course; UAV load capacity; teams’ knowledge of their UAV’s performance.
The scoring criteria for these Missions are presented in section 6.2 Flight Demonstration.

A.2 General Points

A.2.1 Takeoff
Take-off must be conducted within the designated take-off and landing box, into the wind as
far as practicable. After take-off, the system must maintain steady controlled flight at any suitable
height, typically between 50 - 100 m. Take-off under manual control with the transition to automatic
flight is permitted, though a higher score will be given to automatic take-off. The mission time starts
when the team signals they are ready and the Flight Safety Officer gives clearance for take-off.

A.2.2 Landing
The UAV must return to and land at the designated take-off and landing zone. Transition to
manual control is permitted for landing, though a fully automatic landing will score more points.
The mission is complete when the UAV comes to a halt and the engine is stopped.

A.2.3 Navigation
Each team will be provided with a map of the airfield, showing the geofence boundary within
which the UAV must remain at all times, together with any other no-fly zones. The map will provide
GPS coordinates for the geofence vertices, the Waypoints (WPs), Obstacles, and the drop-off
location.
A mission route will define the WP order. The UAV should aim to fly directly overhead each
WP, and the accuracy of the navigation will be evaluated by analysis of the GPS data logger after
the flight. Points will be deducted for breach of the geofence. At the Flight Safety Officer’s direction,
the Flight Termination System may be initiated upon such breach, or the team may be directed to
land the UAV as soon as it is safe.
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A.2.4 Operating Height

All operating heights between 50:100 m are valid within the allowable flying zone. The UAV
must drop the payload from a minimum of 50 m height above ground, and cannot land to place the
payload. During transit phases between the landing area to the target area, the UAV must maintain
a safe height above ground.

A.2.5 Timing
With many teams flying multiple missions, it is essential for the smooth running of the event
that teams are punctual with their timing, and do not over-run the allocated slot time. To keep up
the flying sequence, there will be at least two teams at the flight line at any one time, so that if one
team has to withdraw because of technical problems, another team is immediately ready to fly. From
arriving at the flight line and being nominated first in line to fly a mission, a maximum of 10 minutes
is allowed for pre-flight preparation. Each mission is a maximum of 10 min duration, from take-off
to landing with the UAV stopped. Additionally, an overall maximum time limit of 20 minutes must
be strictly enforced from a team being notified it is first in line for a mission flight to departing the
flight line area after the mission. Points will be deducted if the team breaches these time limits. If a
team cannot get the UAV ready within the 10 min allowance, it must retire and request another
mission slot time, which may be granted at the discretion of the organizers.

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Annex B Document Templates and Guidance

This Annex guides the structure and content of the PDR, CDR, and FRR deliverables. Teams
are also encouraged to reflect on the engineering events summarized in section 2.4 Engineering
Events, which indicates what the Judges are looking for throughout the competition.

B.1 Preliminary Design Review (PDR) submission

The Concept stage culminates with the Preliminary Design Review Submission, a written
report of no more than 15 pages in the body of the report supported by a maximum of 3 pages of
schematics or tables. The submitted report should describe the preliminary design of the team’s
airframe and the rationale behind their design choices. The purpose of the report is to show the
systems engineering process, design analysis, and tradeoffs, final solution, tests that were conducted
and performance data, and expected task performance. The report must address the mission tasks
the team is capable of achieving during flight, and if a team elects not to include certain elements
(e.g. airdrop) it should be so stated. The suggested structure and content should be:
Introduction
Team Details
Chart showing the team organization and roles;
Project Management
• Project plan with the main activities, lead times, and dependencies.
• Table summarizing the project risks and their mitigation.
Requirement Capture
• Summary of UAV Requirements, including regulatory requirements.
• Summary of competition missions’ requirements.
Concept Selection
• The Systems Engineering approach adopted to develop compliant solutions;
• Discussion of the design drivers, the concept generation process, concept options
considered, the trade studies undertaken, and the factors influencing the down-select to the
chosen concept;
• UAV overall layout & description with a three-view scale drawing.
Performance Calculations
Preliminary aerodynamic, structural, and performance calculations supporting the initial
sizing, basic stability, and control calculations, together with a weight and balance estimate.

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Weight Budget
Cost Budget Safety
• An overview of the safety risks, presented in a table of hazards and mitigating design
features.
• A short description of the approach to RF compliance;
• A short description of the safety features incorporated to mitigate the risks such as the
flight termination system.
Design Description
• Diagram showing the preliminary system architecture and data flow for the navigation
and mission control, flight control, vision sensor, and the design for automatic operation;
• Brief functional description, and the rationale for selection of each of the proposed
systems, including airframe, propulsion, flight controls, navigation & mission control,
sensors, image processing, autonomy/automatic operation, payload carriage, and delivery
system, FTS.
Test Plan
A summary of the approach to ‘Certification and Qualification’, which could include
design and analysis evidence to be generated in the next stage, and the outline elements of
the test program to demonstrate the integrity of the system.

B.2 Critical Design Review (CDR) Submission

A key output towards the end of the Detail Design stage is the Critical Design Review
Submission, a written report of no more than 25 pages supported by a maximum of 5 pages of
diagrams and appendices. The suggested structure and content should be:
Introduction
Changes from PDR
Note any update to the information presented in the PDR.
• Team organization and roles;
• A project plan including main activities, lead times, and dependencies;
• Project risks and their mitigation;
• System concept
• Performance, weight, and cost
Detailed Design and Manufacturing Description

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• UAV overall layout & description with a three-view drawing showing dimensions and
center of gravity, a summary of the rationale for the layout, and key design features.
• Description of the Aeromechanical Design, including where appropriate the materials
and construction techniques for each of the elements. This should include:
o Arrangement of flying surfaces and major components.

o Airframe structural design including consideration of flight, ground, handling, and

transport requirements.
o Aerodynamic design and performance, including stability and control.

o Control actuation system providing roll, pitch, and yaw control.

o Propulsion system.

o Fuel system / propulsion battery.

o Undercarriage.

o Payload carriage and release system.

o Payload protection system.

o Flight termination system.

o Description of the avionics, mission system, and electrical power.

o Mission planning and performance analysis.

o Autopilot design and automatic operation.

o Avionics, navigation, and mission control system.

o Sensors and image processing system.

o The radio control system, including data link and telemetry.

o Ground control station.

o Brief description of any consideration given to support equipment, such as test

equipment, handling, or storage fixtures.
o Analysis and modeling. Provide a summary of the analysis and test undertaken to
support the design and development, e.g.
o Structural performance.

o Aerodynamic performance.

o Payload release dynamics.

o Navigation and mission performance.

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Qualification Test Plan

Summary of the proposed test plan for the UAV, which may include physical testing
supported by modeling, and including:
• Structural testing.
• Subsystem testing.
• Flight-testing.
Safety Case
The safety case should show an understanding of the main regulations relevant to this
UAV. It should present the argument demonstrating the airworthiness of the UAV,
summarizing the main safety risks and their mitigation, with arguments supported by
evidence from design, analysis, or test.
One of the mitigations to several safety risks is the incorporation of the FTS. The safety
case should describe how the FTS mitigates each of the identified risks that it is designed to
address. The approach to compliance with the RF requirements should be described. The
safe operation of the UAV should be discussed, in addition to the technical design.
Verification & Validation Register
A short description of the approach to Verification & Validation is supported by a detailed
table of results.
Conclusions

B.3 Flight Readiness Review (FRR) Submission

The Manufacture and Test stage culminates with the FRR Submission, comprising:
• A video no longer than 4 minutes in duration showing evidence of the test flying
undertaken;
• A statement of any changes introduced since the CDR;
• A confirmation that any Corrective Actions required by the judges from the CDR have
been fully addressed;
• Confirmation of the team pilot and the compliance of pilot qualifications with the
requirements of section 3.3.4 Pilot Licensing and Insurance;
• A signed declaration by the supervisor, that in their opinion:
• The UAV appears compliant with the requirements noted in section 3 Design and
Operational Requirements; the design and build quality is satisfactory;

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• Safety and airworthiness aspects have been addressed satisfactorily, with appropriate
fail-safe mechanisms and a risk register completed;
• The system has been tested, both by modeling and demonstration to evaluate the
performance and reliability;
• The team members preparing and operating the UAVs are suitably competent to
ensure safe operations.
A ‘Permit to Test’ will be issued by the Flight Safety Officer for teams that submit a
satisfactory Flight Readiness Review, and satisfactorily complete the scrutineering on the
first day of the Demonstration Event.

Annex C Airfield/Flying Zone boundries

Sample Mission Map
At Check-In and Orientation, teams will be given the GPS locations of the Geo-fence
boundaries and the Waypoints.

Figure 2. Mission Flight Boundary

Figure 3. Waypoints, possible Airdrop Location & Boundary

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Deliverables submission
According to the competition rules, all deliverables will be submitted to the judges during
the flight demonstration and before leaving the Ground station tent.

C.2 Target description

The following figure demonstrates an example of the identified target dimensions (Flag)

1m

2m

Figure 4. Target Dimensions.

Figure 5. Airfield Plan.

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