Received 25 December 2022, accepted 5 January 2023, date of publication 11 January 2023, date of current version 20 January 2023.

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3236183

Tsukamoto Fuzzy Inference System on Internet of

Things-Based for Room Temperature and
Humidity Control
SUNARDI1 , ANTON YUDHANA1 , (Member, IEEE), AND FURIZAL 2
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55166, Indonesia
2 Master Program of Informatics, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55166, Indonesia

Corresponding author: Furizal ([email protected])

This work was supported by the Universitas Ahmad Dahlan.

ABSTRACT The idea of the Internet of Things (IoT) is utilized to increase the advantages of internet
connectivity. As long as the electrical device is still connected to the internet, IoT can be utilized to operate it.
This study applies the concept of IoT as a fan control and monitoring of the humidity and room temperature
through a mobile-based application, so that the room can be controlled remotely using a smartphone before
use. It is necessary to always keep the room comfortable to use, so that users can increase productivity and
always avoid potential disease attacks when the temperature is unstable. In addition, the IoT concept also
makes it easier to turn off the fan if at any time you forget to turn it off. This fan is integrated with the ESP32
microcontroller which has been equipped with a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) module to access data changes in
the Firebase Realtime Database. Room temperature and humidity are measured with a DHT22 sensor and
processed using Tsukamoto’s Fuzzy Inference System to produce the appropriate fan speed in the Duty Cycle
unit. Tools and applications can work as predicted based on the findings of the research conducted. However,
the impact of the fan on a closed room cannot cool the room temperature but the room temperature moves
up with a change of 0.3 ◦ C to 0.5 ◦ C within 40-75 minutes. Therefore, in the next study it is recommended
to use cooling devices such as Exhaust fans or Air Conditioners.

INDEX TERMS DHT22, duty cycle, ESP32, fan speed, fuzzy inference system Tsukamoto, humidity,
Internet of Things, room controllers, temperature.

I. INTRODUCTION Therefore, an efficient alternative is needed to overcome this

Room temperature is an aspect that can affect the comfort problem [4].
and productivity at work [1]. Hot temperatures can reduce This study aims to solve the problems that have been
the body’s immunity and enthusiasm in activities, especially described. The main tool used is a fan that is integrated with
indoor activities. In addition, hot temperatures can also bring the ESP32 microcontroller which has been equipped with a
disease to the body if it is felt for a long time [2]. Therefore, WiFi module [5]. Meanwhile, the indicators in this study are
this problem must be a concern in an effort to maintain temperature, humidity and human activity as measured by
quality activities. This hot temperature cannot disappear in the DHT22 sensor and the Passive InfraRed (PIR) sensor.
the absence of auxiliary tools to periodically stabilize it [3]. The results of this measurement were processed using the
At this time, tools that are often used in cooling and Tsukamoto Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) method to produce
stabilizing the heat temperature in the room are fans and the appropriate fan speed in duty cycle units [6].
Air Conditioners (AC). But often new problems arise, such The development of technology in the world is increas-
as manual speed setting, forgetting to turn off and others. ingly progressing until now, including Indonesia. This rapid
growth brings new breakthroughs that no one had previously
The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and thought of. IoT is a technology that has been developed for
approving it for publication was Renato Ferrero . a long time, but in Indonesia the use of IoT is still relatively

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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small and even many Indonesians are still unfamiliar with the utilizing a mobile-based application to control and monitor
term IoT. room temperature conditions [8]. The application is devel-
IoT is one of the many technologies developed to face the oped using the flutter framework [9]. The WiFi module
digital era like now to make it easier for people to use it and to contained in the ESP32 is used to access data changes in
overcome digital-based difficulties. Researchers are always the database in real time [10]. The database used is Fire-
developing this technology in order to achieve optimal results base Realtime Database which is a product of the Google
in helping human needs. company.
As the name implies, IoT is the internet that plays an The application of IoT in this study aims to make it easier
important role in carrying out all activities. This proves that for users to overcome the problems that have been described,
the internet plays an active role in daily digital activities. such as making it easier to turn off the fan if at any time they
Basically, IoT is a technological concept that connects other forget to turn it off or control the temperature remotely via a
devices with internet media and can be controlled remotely. smartphone before the room is used for activities [11].
IoT is a concept in which technology is integrated into phys- Several IoT-based room temperature and humidity control
ical objects, such as sensors and software, with the aim of systems have been created in previous studies with different
connecting, communicating, controlling, and sharing data utilization functions, some use on server rooms [12], green-
while still connected to the internet. house [13], thermal [14], and others [15]. The application
IoT is one of the technologies that has a close relationship of IoT can provide a great contribution in achieving conve-
with the term machine-to-machine (M2M). M2M is a service nience for its users. This statement is supported by previous
that enables remote management and control of IT devices researchers who show that the results of IoT implementation
over IP and IoT networks is a closely related concept. The are very promising because they can improve the security,
tools used in M2M are able to communicate so they are called safety, intelligence, and comfort of users [16]
smart devices. The purpose of creating smart devices is solely Other studies have shown that IoT systems are also a
to help and become a solution to solving various problems very suitable concept in providing convenience for digital
or affairs and tasks owned by humans. IoT utilization can be technology users. Any device connected to electricity can
applied in various areas of life, such as home automation, be controlled by using the concept of IoT. Improved system
agriculture, health, transportation, and others [7]. There are efficiency drastically reduces electrical energy consumption
several components in this technology but fundamentally by providing central control of the equipment [17].
there are only four components, namely sensors, connectivity, The use of the ON/OFF concept in the control system
processed data, and user interface (UI). can reduce the efficiency of the function of the tool built so
A sensor is a tool that serves to retrieve data from an object. that alternative control is needed to overcome this problem.
The data in question can be information such as temperature, Control systems with proven methods such as the Fuzzy
humidity, sound, movement, and light. This data will be sent Inference System (FIS) need to be implemented in the system
as information to the user. The process of sending data from and evaluated to improve the control system. This is sup-
sensor measurements requires connectivity in the form of an ported by previous research that shows the use of fuzzy logic
internet network as a medium. Many connectivity options in control systems can provide a more optimal contribution
include cellular networks and Wi-Fi. Each internet source has when compared to the ON/OFF base [14]. The ON/OFF base
its own advantages and disadvantages. IoT requires a stable will only give a value of 1 or 0, while the fuzzy base will give
network connection so that the data exchange process can run values of 0 through 1.
properly. After going through a shipment that requires con- In other studies, a fan control system has also been built
nectivity, the data will then go through a processing process with fuzzy logic. The use of fuzzy logic concepts in this study
before a command occurs. In order for the results of sending is considered to be an energy-saving solution using artificial
this data to be seen by users, users are equipped with UI as intelligence [18].
a monitoring and control medium. The UI used can be web, In one of the studies has applied fuzzy and IoT logic
mobile, and other platforms. to web-based server rooms and provides notifications via
The way this IoT technology works is very simple, namely Twitter. In this study, AC was used as a cooling media that
by using program instructions. Each command can generate was controlled using fuzzy logic and IoT. Based on research
interactions on directly connected devices without the pres- testing conducted through the Matlab application, fuzzy logic
ence of intervention from the user. It can be said that this can be implemented into the microcontroller with the results
technology is arranged in such a way as to make it easier of simulation testing using obtained values that correspond to
for users to carry out remote control of a control object. the results on the microcontroller and the average value of AC
The main factor in smooth running is the stabilization of the Temperature Set output deviation 0.03500 and the average
connectivity network, while humans are only the supervisors AC Mode Set output deviation 0.01225. Although there are
of every activity of the device when it is executing commands. differences in some output values, researchers claim that
Based on the description and comfort that will be obtained the function to control the air conditioner was successfully
using IoT technology, this study will implement IoT by designed as desired [19].

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The use of air conditioning in cooling the room is indeed

fairly efficient. But basically, not everyone can use air con-
ditioning due to cost limitations. AC is an electronic device
that is fairly expensive in initial installation and in the con-
sumption of electrical power needed in daily use. AC is also a
modern air conditioner that is often used by the upper middle
class. Meanwhile, the lower middle class people use fans
more often because they are considered cheaper so the use
of fans needs to be optimized with future research.
Based on the literature review that has been described,
this study applies a fuzzy logic method to fan speed control FIGURE 1. Triangular curve.
to cool the room. This research is expected to contribute to
optimizing fans in controlling temperatures that are a problem
in tropical countries, one of which is in the country where this
research was conducted, namely Indonesia.

II. THE BASIC CONCEPTS

A. IoT
IoT is a term that refers to the increasing use of the inter-
net, the adoption of computing, mobile connectivity, and its
integration into everyday life [20]. IoT is related to the DoT
(Disruption of Things) and is used as an illustration of the
change or conversion of Internet usage from the previous
Internet of People M2M Internet. FIGURE 2. Shoulder membership curve.

B. FIS TSUKAMOTO
Each rule is supported by the same monotonous logic used b: SHOULDER MEMBERSHIP CURVE
by FIS Tsukamoto [21]. A fuzzy set with monotonous mem- The shoulder curve is used to end the variable of a blurred
bership functions should be used to describe any result of area that has its right or left side unchanged. This type
the IF-THEN rule [22]. Based on the predicate, the output of curve is divided into two models, namely the left
of the inference result of each rule is explicit (Crisp) [23]. shoulder curve and the right shoulder curve as shown in
Utilizing defuzzification and the idea of weighted averages, Figure 2 [27].
aggregation of the rules is carried out, and the results are then
obtained [24]. 2) SYSTEM INFERENCE
At the inference system level, fuzzy rules based on the fuzzy
1) FUZZIFICATION set theory and fuzzy rules in the form of IF-THEN statements
The fuzzification stage serves to convert the crisp value into a are both used to draw conclusions [22], [28]. Zadeh divides
fuzzy value using a fuzzy curve [25]. This study applies two into three basic operators, namely AND, OR, and NOT [29].
types of curves, namely the triangle curve and the shoulder The AND is an operator that serves to obtain the minimum
model. elements. While the OR operator is used to search for the
a: TRIANGULAR MEMBERSHIP CURVE maximum element and the NOT operator is used to subtract
the value of 1 with the negated fuzzy element [30]. In this
A triangular curve is a combination of linear ascending and
study was applied the AND operator to every fuzzy rule
descending linear delimited by a single point of membership
formed. The mathematical narrative of the AND operator as
value 1 as in Figure 1 [26].
shown in Equation 2.
Based on Figure 1, it can be concluded that the triangle
curve has four conditions of the value of the agglomerate. µA ∩ B = min(µA[x], µB[x]) (2)
The four conditions will only result in a membership value
of 0 to 1. The representation of the triangle curve can be seen 3) DEFUZZIFICATION
in Equation 1. Defuzzification is the final process of converting a fuzzy

 0; x ≤ a or x ≥ c output into a crisp value [31]. The equation applied at this

 (x − a)/(b − a) a < x < b
 stage is the Weighted Average as Equation 3 [32].
µ [x] = (1)
αi zi
P

 (b − x)/(c − b) b < x < c Z= P (3)
αi


1; x=b

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C. ESP32
The ESP32 is the successor to the ESP8266 and offers sev-
eral improvements in every way [33]. The ESP32 supports
Bluetooth Low Energy as well as WiFi connections, making
the ESP32 more flexible [34]. The ESP32 has 64MB of flash
memory for storing programs and data [35].

D. DHT22 SENSOR
The DHT22 sensor is a digital relative temperature and
humidity sensor [36]. The DHT22 sensor uses capacitors
and thermistors to measure ambient air and send signals to
the data pins [37]. The DHT22 claims to have good read
quality, judging by its quick response to data collection and its
minimalist size, as well as its relatively low price compared
to thermometers [38].

E. PIR SENSOR
The PIR sensor is a motion detection sensor [39]. PIR sensors
are widely used to determine the presence of human move-
ment in the area that can be reached by PIR sensors [40]. FIGURE 3. Research stage.
These sensors are small, inexpensive, require little power, and
are easy to use. This sensor is also widely used domestically
and professionally [41].

F. PWM AC DIMMER
A dimmer is an electronic circuit that converts the shape of
a pure AC signal into a truncated signal, which allows the
output power to be adjusted [42]. AC signal clippings are
useful for light dimming, motor deceleration, heating control
and more [43].
FIGURE 4. Basic concepts of data exchange.

G. FLUTTER
III. RESEARCH STAGE
Flutter is an open-source framework or SDK developed by This research consists of several steps to produce the desired
Google to create high-performance app interfaces that can output. The research stage as shown in Figure 3.
be published for Android and iOS platforms from a single Based on the research stage in Figure 3, broadly speaking,
codebase [44]. The hot reload feature provided by Flutter there are four stages carried out to produce the expected
eliminates the need to compile or rebuild all changes to see output. In the first stage, the database is designed and built
the results [45]. Flutter uses the Dart programming language using firebase database which is a realtime database service
which certainly feels familiar with the Java or Javascript from the Google company. This database serves as a data
programming language [46]. Darts is a popular programming center that will be an indicator of data changes from the tools
language developed by Google [47]. and mobile applications to be built. These data changes will
be accessed reciprocally by tools and mobile applications in
H. FIREBASE real time over a network connection. In simple terms, the
Firebase is a service from Google that is used to help basic concept of data exchange is like Figure 4.
with application development. Firebase Realtime Database Based on Figure 4, data exchange does not occur directly
enables users to create feature-rich collaborative apps by between a mobile application and a microcontroller, but is
providing secure database access directly from client-side mediated by a database that acts as a data center. Any changes
code [48]. Firebase provides a responsive experience to to this database will be accessed by each device, both changes
end users. Data changes occur continuously and in real- by the microcontroller and changes by the mobile application.
time offline. The real-time database synchronizes local data In the second stage, the tool is designed and built by
changes with remote updates that occur when the client is utilizing one of the microcontrollers, namely the ESP32.
offline, so any differences are automatically resolved when The use of this microcontroller is based on the need for
device connectivity is restored [49]. a network connection so that with its advantages that are

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FIGURE 5. Simulation of expected results.

already accompanied by a WiFi module, there is no need to Broadly speaking, Tsukamoto fuzzy consists of three
accompany additional WiFi modules anymore. This will save stages, namely fuzzification, inference engine, and defuzzi-
more on the use of the device. fication. These stages are used to produce the output of the
In the third stage, the mobile application is designed inputted variable values. The results of this processing are
and built using the Flutter framework. The flutter frame- expected to be the most efficient value in controlling room
work is one of the Open Source frameworks that is widely temperature in the studies conducted.
used in mobile development. Programmers simply visit, After the discussion process is complete, a manual calcula-
download, and install the flutter package from its official tion process is carried out in the Microsoft Excel application.
website. Google has provided documentation to be able to Then the coding or application of the fuzzy method is carried
use the features that have been provided in this frame- out on the built tool. The results of manual calculations
work. In addition, the development of this application is that have been done will be compared with the results of
also assisted by using the Flutter package in Visual Studio calculations on coding tools. The tool is coded with a pro-
Code. gramming language with the ino extension using the Arduino
In the fourth stage, the research continued by implementing IDE application.
FIS Tsukamoto. This stage starts from discussing variables, After all stages of this research are carried out, the tools and
talking universes, sets, and fuzzy domains. Each variable is applications are tested for feasibility so as to provide optimal
represented in the form of a fuzzy curve used in the process results as expected. If the test results still have errors, they will
on the Tsukamoto fuzzy. be reviewed for correction. Based on what has been explained

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TABLE 1. Firebase data schema explained.

FIGURE 6. Firebase Database data schema.

in the introduction section, the goal to be achieved is a tool

that can control the temperature and humidity of the room
using a mobile application by applying the IoT concept. The
expected simulation as shown Figure 5.
A clearer decipherment related to the stages of research is
described as follows:

A. BUILD FIREBASE DATABASE FOR IoT

Based on the understanding that has been described, IoT has
very important benefits for human life in building the concept
of remote control. This control will also not be separated from
data storage [50]. There are many ways that can be done, one
of which is by utilizing the realtime database from firebase
google [51]. Based on the information on the web firebase
database, Google only provides 1 GB of storage for the free
version. If you want to get more storage, Google offers a
paid version upgrade option. This study only implemented
the free version of storage. Therefore, this study uses the
data update method (not insert) to overcome storage restric-
tions set by Google, so that the data in firebase does not
increase but only changes the value of each variable field
created. This will protect the free version of Firebase from
over-data. The Firebase database data schema is built as in
Figure 6.
Figure 6 is a data structure in the firebase database that will
be an indicator of changes in the action of the built tool. The
variables listed on the Figure 6 have their own functions as in
Table 1.

B. DESIGNING AND BUILD TOOLS

This research tool is built using the ESP32 which overall
functions almost the same as other microcontrollers such as
Arduino, Wemos Mini, and others [52], [53], [54]. The con-
cept of application as a whole is the same, because Arduino
code can also be used on ESP32 [55]. In addition, hard tools
such as sensors can also be used on the ESP32 using the same
source code [56]. The design of the tool is built as in Figure 7.
The details of describing the schema of relationships
between devices are described in Table 2.

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application can run properly as expected. Furthermore, the

application will be deployed and maintained during use. To be
clear, the lifecycle steps of mobile application development
are built as in Figure 8.
This application was created to control and monitor the
temperature and humidity conditions around the device that
has been built. This application is integrated with the tool
through the internet network, so that users can monitor any-
time and anywhere as long as the tool and smartphone used
are still connected to the internet. The mobile application
interface has been built as in Figure 9.
This built application consists of one interface according
to the design of the application that has been designed. At the
time of controlling the tool, the user can choose several
FIGURE 7. Tool design.
options, namely:
1) Enabling the option ’’Turn on the fan without a human
TABLE 2. Scheme of relationships between devices. object?’’ is that the fan can be turned on by ignoring the
detection of human presence through the PIR sensor.
Because, if you don’t activate this option, then the fan
will only turn on when the PIR sensor detects human
presence.
2) Selecting the ’’Automatic’’ control option is that the fan
speed will be set based on the temperature and humidity
read and processed using fuzzy logic.
3) Selecting the ’’Manual’’ control option is that the fan
speed is controlled manually by entering the desired
speed value.

D. APPLICATION OF FIS TSUKAMOTO ON THE TOOL

Fuzzy Tsukamoto has three important stages in producing
output, namely fuzzification, machine inference, and defuzzi-
fication. The illustration is like Figure 10.
The Fuzzy stage in Figure 10 shows that the input in
the fuzzy system is a crisp value. This crisp value will be
converted into a fuzzy value in the form of a fuzzy member-
ship value through the fuzzification stage using Equation 1.
This fuzzification stage is guided by the membership func-
tion curve of each input variable, namely the temperature in
Figure 11 and the humidity in Figure 12. This membership
C. BUILDING MOBILE APP function curve will be used to obtain the fuzzy membership
The mobile application is an application that can be paired value of each set.
and used on a smartphone [57]. Many frameworks and tech- After the fuzzification stage is complete, the output of
nologies can be utilized in building mobile applications, this fuzzy membership value will then be processed at the
including react native, sencha, ionic, flutter and others [58]. machine inference stage. At this machine inference stage,
In this study, the mobile application was built using the flutter fuzzy rules are needed to process the fuzzy membership value
framework. The development cycle starts from collecting and obtained from the fuzzification stage. The fuzzy rules used
analyzing the data needed to be applied to the application. are already listed in Table 3. These fuzzy rules will be pro-
After that, the application is designed according to the needs cessed using Equation 2. After the machine inference stage
needed so that the features in the research can be fulfilled is complete, the process continues at the last stage, namely
in the application to be built. Once the design is complete, defuzzification using Equation 3. At this stage of defuzzifi-
the application begins to build by coding using the flutter cation, crisp value will be obtained as the final output of the
framework. The development of this application is adapted process on Fuzzy Tsukamoto.
to the pre-designed design. After the application has been Tsukamoto’s fuzzy calculation by applying 25 fuzzy
developed, then the application is then carried out a testing rules produces the output as expected [59]. These rules are
process to ensure that all interfaces and functionalities of the obtained from a combination of two input variables, namely

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FIGURE 8. Mobile application development lifecycle.

FIGURE 9. Mobile app interface.

temperature and humidity. These two input variables each Warm, Warm, Quite Hot, Hot, and Very Hot. While the set
have five sets. The set of temperature variables is Quite of humidity variables are Dry, Normal, Pretty Wet, Wet, and

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FIGURE 10. Stages of FIS Tsukamoto.

FIGURE 11. Temperature membership function curve.

Very Wet. The combination results of these two variables it must be known how the characteristics of this DHT22
produce a fan speed output consisting of three sets, namely sensor in tropical Indonesia and need to be calibrated at the
Slow, Medium and Fast. An example of some of the speed desired local conditions. Sensor calibration is a feasibility
outputs produced by this fuzzy calculation can be seen in test of the sensor to achieve results in accordance with the
Table 6. desired indicators, namely accuracy and precision with the
addition of an equation model, so that this goal is achieved.
IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT This calibration is done by comparing the temperature and
A. DHT22 SENSOR CALIBRATION humidity values on the sensor with the temperature and
In this study, the temperature sensor used was the DHT22 sen- humidity values obtained from manual measurements from
sor. However, this sensor is made and designed for measure- the thermometer and hygrometer taken at the same time. The
ment at the location conditions under which it is created that comparison tool used in this calibration process is the Digital
will cause deviations in results at other locations. Therefore, HTC-2 Thermometer Hygrometer as in Figure 13.

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FIGURE 12. Humidity membership function curve.

FIGURE 13. Digital HTC-2 thermometer hygrometer.

This calibration to test the precision level of the DHT22 is carried out by providing two connection sources, namely
sensor is done by taking 60 data simultaneously. The results WiFi and mobile data. Based on the tests conducted, the
of this test showed a temperature difference of 0.18◦ C and mobile application can communicate well as long as it is
humidity of 7.78%. The comparison chart of DHT22 and connected to a network that has stable speed. The fastest
Digital HTC-2 Thermometer Hygrometer temperature mea- result, the application can provide a response of <200 ms
surements is shown in Figure 14. As for the humidity, it is with an internet network speed of 29 Mbps. While on an
listed in Figure 15. unstable network, the application still provides a response
even with a long response time. This application response
B. RESPONSE OF TOOLS AND MOBILE APPLICATIONS test is also performed against a missing network connection.
The tools in this study have been applied to rooms that If the connection is dropped then the application will not give
are not too spacious. The area of the room tested measured a response until the connection is available again. Based on
400 cm × 400 cm wide, while the height was 350 cm. The this description, it can be concluded that the internet network
area of the room can affect the control system that is built. The connection greatly affects the application’s response time in
more spacious the room implemented, the more difficult it is accessing data on the server, both when updating data and
to control its temperature, unless a control fan is implemented reading data. Not only mobile applications, the response of
in large quantities. built-in ESP32 devices is also affected by network speed
While the mobile application as a control medium has been conditions. Networking is a major influencing factor when
tested with a fairly good success rate. The results of some tests interacting with IoT because all connected devices commu-
are listed in Table 5. nicate over the network.
Table 5 shows the mobile application’s response to changes In addition to the internet network, the component that is
in data on the server. The mobile application response test also needed by the device or tool that is built is the availability

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FIGURE 14. Comparison of temperature measurements.

FIGURE 15. Comparison of humidity measurements.

of electrical power sources. In Indonesia, the availability of is available again, it will access the latest data changes to
electricity is often a challenge because there are frequent firebase to give the room action. When the tool accesses data
power outages, especially for areas far from urban areas. on firebase, it must still reconnect to the internet network con-
The duration of these power outages usually varies, ranging nection. The results of the experiment are shown in Table 5,
from just a few minutes, a few hours and even a few days. while the results of its execution are as shown in Figure 16.
When the power source is off, the tool will automatically turn These control tools are designed and built by applying
off. However, the cached change data will still be stored in the needs to network connections. If the ESP32 device is
google’s firebase database. Therefore, when the power source not connected to the internet network, the tool automatically

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FIGURE 16. Application to the room.

cannot access data changes in the database. However the flow be able to access data changes on the database again. The
chart on the program code of the tool is created independent workflow of this tool is shown in Figure 17.
of the internet connection. When the internet connection on An internet connection not only affects the control tools
the tool is lost, the tool will turn off the ’’Turn on the fan built in, but also affects the mobile applications that are
without a human object’’ mode and the ’’Manual Control’’ designed. If the smartphone connection is lost, the user is
mode. After that, the tool will check the presence of humans also unable to monitor and control the device remotely.
and check the temperature and humidity of the air in the room This condition will end when the application reconnects
offline / locally. If in the room there are human activities to the network. The mobile app flowchart is listed in
and temperature conditions above normal conditions, then the Figure 18.
tool will activate the ’’Automatic Control’’ mode by applying
fuzzy logic calculations to produce the ideal fan speed in C. TESTING THE IMPACT OF THE TOOL ON THE ROOM
controlling temperature needs in the room. This temperature and humidity control device is tested by
In this condition, users cannot monitor the device remotely placing a DHT22 sensor (temperature and humidity gauge) in
on a smartphone / mobile application because the tool cannot three different places. This test aims to provide information
update data changes in the database. Therefore, indirectly related to the influence of devices that expect a decrease in
the mobile application also cannot be synchronized with the heat temperature in the room. Visually, the placement position
tool. Even so, users can still see the fan status (ON/OFF), fan can be seen in Figure 19.
speed, temperature, and humidity in real time on the LCD These three DHT22 sensor positions will be tested to deter-
attached to the device set. This condition is not permanent, mine the effect of this control device on room temperature,
because if the tool is connected to the network, the tool will whether exposed to fan blowing or not. For more details,

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FIGURE 17. Tool working flowchart.

FIGURE 18. Mobile app working flowchart.

Figure 20 is an illustration of the position of the fan and on each side of the room which is viewed through the 4th side
DHT22 sensor which is included with the size of the room based on the illustration listed in Figure 19.

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FIGURE 19. Simulated position of the fan and DHT22 sensor.

FIGURE 20. Position of the DHT22 sensors and fan when viewed from side 4.

These three sensor positions are exposed to different wind in the first position, the rotation of the fan did not make
gusts of force, ranging from those that are hardly exposed to a significant impact. The test results show the temperature
the slightest wind to those that are directly exposed to the graph of some tests cannot be inferred. Because some tests
wind. The DHT22 sensor at each of these positions will be show the temperature is moving up. Meanwhile, several other
tested to provide information regarding the effect of fan rota- tests showed temperatures moving down. The temperature
tion that has been set with fuzzy logic on room temperature changes in rise and fall are also not very significant, which
and humidity. A description of the wind touch at each position only ranges from 0.3-0.5◦ C. The graph of the first few test
of the DHT22 sensor is shown in Table 6. positions is shown in Figure 21.
The test is carried out in the conditions of a closed room, The test at the second position showed that the temperature
so that there is no air cycle in and out of the house. Testing continued to rise as evidenced by the form of its test graph.

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FIGURE 21. First position test (behind the fan).

TABLE 3. Fuzzy rule base. TABLE 4. Fan speed decision-making test data.

This temperature rise ranges from 0.3-0.4◦ C only. If it is

rotated for a longer time, the temperature decreases again. But the same as those in the second position. The temperature
this temperature drop is not too drastic. This second position changes that occur also range from 0.3-0.5◦ C. The third
test chart is as in Figure 22. position testing graph is shown in Figure 23.
In the third position, the results of all tests show that Tests that have been carried out on the three fan positions
the temperature continues to rise, which results are almost show that the temperature will change if a fan is applied.

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FIGURE 22. Second position test (next to the fan).

FIGURE 23. Third position test (facing the fan).

Based on several tests carried out, the temperature changes Overall, this study shows that the temperature will move
that occur are contrary to the objectives of this study. The up when the closed room is fanned by a fan. This is caused
temperature does not move down but moves up. The time used by air circulation which does not change with fresh air from
in this test ranged from 40-75 minutes. The results obtained outside so that only the air in the room is continuously fanned
from the test within 40-75 minutes showed a temperature by the fan. Therefore, a new problem arises, namely to pro-
change of only around 0.3-0.5◦ C. vide a change in hot temperature to decrease and fresh, air

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TABLE 5. Mobile application response testing. within 40-75 minutes showed an average temperature rise of
03-05◦ C. Even though the temperature increase is not very
significant, this result gives an output that is not as expected.
So with that, through this research the authors suggest in
further research to replace the cooling media using exhaust
fans or air conditioners. Meanwhile, the IoT-based mobile
applications that are built can function properly as long as the
tools and applications are still connected to a stable internet
network.

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[53] A. Yudhana, S. Mukhopadhyay, O. D. A. Prima, S. A. Akbar, ANTON YUDHANA (Member, IEEE) received
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nitrogen soil mapping in lendah, Indonesia,’’ Sens. Bio-Sens. Res., vol. 33, Malaysia, in 2011. He is currently an Associate
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Professor with the Department of Electrical Engi-
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pp. 152–157, doi: 10.1109/MECnIT48290.2020.9166594.

FURIZAL was born in Kesra, Riau, Indonesia,

SUNARDI received the bachelor’s degree from in 1999. He received the B.Eng. degree in infor-
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, matics engineering from Universitas Islam Riau,
in 1999, the master’s degree from the Institut Indonesia, in 2022. He is currently pursuing
Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia, in 2003, the master’s degree in informatics with Uni-
and the Ph.D. degree from Universiti Teknologi versitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, in 2011, all in From 2017 to 2018, he was an Instructor of
electrical engineering. Currently, he is an Asso- computer courses at Yuri Computer. Since 2021,
ciate Professor with the Department of Elec- he has been a Web Developer with the Faculty of
trical Engineering, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Engineering, Universitas Islam Riau. His research
Yogyakarta. His research interests include data, interests include artificial intelligence, decision support systems, the Internet
information, and communication. of Things, and web and mobile development.

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