We are in age of information technology where every thing revolves around information.

In this age, the

computers and communication technology are combined to form IT. In the communication field, there is
great impact of internet, E-mail, mulitmedia

HISTORY OF INTERNET
In 1969, the U.S Deferce Department funded project to develop a network, which can withstand
bombing. Basically the idea was too develop very secure network which can work even after nuclear
attack. This project was known as ARPANET. The proposed network was not supposed to have central
control which would be obvious target. Ten years of research brought Local Area Ethernet Networks and
workstations were developed to get connected to LAN. These workstations and LAN were then
connected to ARPANET. For next decade the ARPANET grew and its decentralized features helped its
rapid expansion. Computer connected to ARPANET used standard or rule to comunicate with each other.
This standard used by ARPANET is knowns NCP (National Control Protocol). Protocol is network term
used to indicate standard used by network for communication. But the passing time and rapid change in
information technology suppressed NCP and brougt TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol) in world of networking. Slowly the ARPANET became massive network of networks and now it
is known as 'Internet'. The Internet is rare example of large democrary with no state of head, no official
censors, no bosses, no board of directors. Nobody controls internet and in principle, any computer can
speak to any other computer, as long as it obeys technical rules of TCP/IP protocol. This freedom of
internet helped it to move out of original base in military and research institutions, into elementary

INTERNET
It is world wide computer network existing in world. It is collection of interconnected networks. Through
internet connection, we can communicate with other user. There are many companies in India providing
the internet services including Bharti Telecom, MTNL, VSNL, Essar. E-mail is most widely used features of
internet.

IMPORTANT TERMS
1. ISP= It is company which offers internet service to individual or organisation. ISP given account
number for monthly or yearly fee. Then user may access to internet and E-mail through it
2. MODEM= It is short from of modulator-demodulator. It is communication device that enables
computer to transmit informtion over standard telephone line
3. WWW= It is collection of web pages that are interconnected. It is architectural framework of
information system on internet. It contains milions of electronic documents. A web page contains test
and graphic which are linked to related information
4. WEB PAGE & WEB BROWSER= A web page is single page on any specific website. All web pages or web
page are usually related and normally have consistent look and feel. We know that web is made up of
digital information stored in form of web pages. We can access that information by accessing that
particular web page. We can read HTML documents on internet by using web browser. The web browser
reads HTML documents and displays them on computer screens
5. WEBSITES= It is made up of collection of documents, images, sound, any other files. All these reside
on special host computer called servers. The website is collection of web pages. These websites can
found because they have unique address
6. URL= It is distinct address which identifies websites or web page on internet
7. HOME PAGE= The main page or index page of websites is called home page. This is starting point of
website and leads to various places in websites

HOW TO USE INTERNET SERVICE

Internet has millions of computers attached to it. Individual can access to internet through ISP. A
telephone connection connects with modem and then to computer. Telecom providers and cable
companies are providing internet connection which are open all times with increased speed and
convinces of access. The ISP providers E-mail address and users space to client to set up home page. A
large organisation is wired with own LAN and can access to internet via the server

SERVER
It is computer system linked with internet that can be accessed by clients. There are two internet server
application
1. Web server
2. Mail server

MOVING WITH LINKS

1. LINKS= It are items on web page which when clicked will take user to some other place which can be
different web page stored in serveral other country or at different place in same website. The links are
mostly underlined text in some other colour-When we take cursor over that link, cursor will change its
shape
2. INTERNET ADDRESSING SYSTEM= We know that there are millions of computer attached to internet.
So every computer which is connected to internet, is given unique address for communication. This
address consists of some characters. There are 2 types of addressing scheme
{A}. LETTERING ADDRESSING= This system is also called Domain Naming System. The letter addresses
consists of some letters for example org. nic, in, com. The last three letters give information about kind of
organization to whose address belongs.
SOME SUCH ADDRESSES ARE AS FOLLOWS
.edu Educational Institution
.net Networking Organisation
.org Non Profit Organisation
.com Commercial Organisation
.int International Organisation
SOME OF COUNTRY CODES ARE AS FOLLOWS
us United States of America
au Austrilia
jp Japan
ca Canada
In India
uk United Kingdom
{B}. NUMBER ADDRESSING= It is numeric address which is made up of four numbers, each of which is
less than 256 i.e. from 0 to 255, joined together by period. 131.58.97.254 is example of number
addressing

ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
1. For sending to and receiving messages from other internet users
2. Gettings information stored on other computer
3. Reading newspapers, magazines, newsletters
4. Reading latest news about sports, market trends
5. Down loading articles and other materials of internet
6. For downloading specific computer software
7. Participating in e-banking

E-MAIL
It is system of electronic correspondence. It is electronic way of sending messages from one place to
another place, anywhere in world. Mail can reach within seconds to all places. Sending E-mail is much
easier than sending postal letters. It is also more economical. We can also send files, graphics files in our
e-mail. The elements of E-mail are
1. A sender who composes and sends E-mail messages
2. A mail agent programme the sender uses to do so
3. A message the sender wants to send
4. The person who reveives the mail
5. The E-mail address, at which the mail is sent

HOW TO OPEN E-MAIL ACCOUNT

1. First connect to internet
2. Open any web browser say Internet Explorer we see home page appear on screen
3. Now type www.yahoo.co.in in address bar and press Enter key. The home page will appear on screen
4. Now to open new account, click on Sign Up button
5. Fill all entries at yahoo registration page and click on submit

HOW TO SEND E-MAIL MESSAGE

1. Start E-mail message, through any one of popular packages like Out Look Express on your computer
2. Type E-mail addrress through computer keyboard to which you want to send message
3. Type message at notepad
4. Type receiver name and his E-mail address
5. Take mouse pointer at ''send'' button and click mouse once

SENDING INCOMING MAIL

The user of internet service can check his mail box in his computer to read incoming message in inbox
folder. Click ''inbox'' to open it and then click on mail you want to read. If you want to reply to message
then click on ''Reply button''

ADVANTAGES OF USING E-MAIL

1. SPEED= E-mail is far quicker than ordinary postage. A message can reach and part of world in fraction
of second
2. CONTENT= The message may consists of only few lines of text or of serveral thousand lines. Unlike
postal service, the message is not charged by weight
3. COST= Nothing is changed for sending E-mail messages even through message travels across the world
4. RECEIVING MESSAGE= We need not be at our computer all time to receive message. Any message sent
to us is stored safety by our service provider in our E-mail account

E-MAIL ADDRESS
Each user has unique address or user name or login name in computer running in multi-user
environment. Every user is given unique E-mail address which is username, combined with computers
unique fully qualified Domain Name. The two part E-mail address constitutes the users logan name ad
address of computer. First comes the users login name & second is Fully Qualified Domain name is
separated from it by using "@" symbols

E-MAIL SERVICES OFFERED ON INTERNET

Till now many service providers offer E-mail ID and give password to it avail this service. The mailbox can
accessed from anywhere, where you have interet connection
SOME COMMONLY USED SITES FOR E-MAIL SERVICE ARE
1. www.yahoo.com
2. www.redif.com
3. www.indiatimes.com
WE CAN USE MANY BUTTON WHEN WE WORK ON INTERNET
1. BACK BUTTON= When we open a lot of web pages through the links and want to visit previous page
again we use back button
2. FORWARD BUTTON= It works as reverse of Back button. The Forward button takes us next web page
opened. When we reach lat page opened, forward button becomes grey and non functional
3. STOP BUTTON= If browser is accessing web page and we click on stop button, browser will stop
process and display half finished page
4. HOME BUTTON= If we found that we are lost between lot of web pages that we have opened, then it
is time to go back to ur home page. Click Home button and we reach our home page

FOLDER IN E-MAIL PROGRAM

Looking at opening screen of Yahoo mail, we see different folders which are used to manipulate mail
sent and received
1. INBOX= When we click on Inbox folder, on left hand side pane we can see list of message we have
received
2. DRAFT= Message which we have composed and decided to send later are stored in Draft folder
3. SENT= This folder stores copies of all message we have sent for future reference
4. SPAM= This folder stores all unsolicited E-mail we receive
5. TRASH= This folder stores message we delete from any folder

HOW TO ATTACH TO E-MAIL MESSAGE

1. Click Attach files options and then click file
2. After that choose file dialogue box appears on screen. Use the mouse locate and select the file you
want to attach, then click Open. This proces is repeated to attach each file you want to add
3. Now information of attached files appear on screen
4. Now click on Send option. A copy of sent message is stored in sent folder by default

SIGN OUT
It option lies on top of right side. This option signs us out mail account
It is necessary to sign out our mail account for sake of our privacy and preventing any misuse of account