International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering

Volume 7, Issue 12, August-2020 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF METAL STAIRCASE BY USING

STAAD.Pro
Sk.Asif Ali1, K.Tulasi Maha Lakshmi2, Sk.Gouse Basha3, Md.Irfan4, Sk.Mansur5, T.Yugandhar6
1
Assistant Professor, 1-6Department of Civil Engineering,
Usha Rama College Of Engg &Tech, Telaprolu, Krishna Dist, A.P, India, 521109

Abstract: Designing of stairways is a ubiquitous part of are examples of straight floating stairs made with a variety of
architectural design. The principal objective of this paper is stringer styles, railing types, and wood species.
to present the results of design and estimation of a metal U-SHAPED STAIRCASE:
stair case for a multistory building by using STAAD.Pro. U-shaped stairs are essentially two parallel flights of straight
The design involves load calculations manually and stairs joined by a landing that creates a 180-degree turn in
analyzing the whole structure by STAAD.Pro. The design the walk line.
method followed is Limit state design conforming to Indian BIFURCATED STAIRCASE:
standards code of practice. STAAD.Pro features a state of This type of stair is commonly used in public buildings at
the art user interface, visualization tools, powerful analysis their entrance hall. The stair has a wider flight at the bottom,
and design engines with advanced finite element and which bifurcates into two narrower flights, one turning to the
dynamic analysis capabilities. From model generation left and the other to the right, at the landing.
analysis and design to visualization and results verification, L-SHAPEDSTAIR CASE:
STAAD. Pro is professional choice. We analyzed and The L shaped stair is a variation of the straight stair with a
designed a metal stair case [3-D frame] for all possible load bend in some portion of the stair. This bend is usually
combinations (dead live &wind loads). STAAD.Pro has a achieved by adding a landing at the transition point.
very interactive user interface which allows the users to LADDER STAIRCASE:
draw the model and input the load values and dimensions. These types of stairs are very useful for tight space areas
We have analyzed and designed the stair case and columns with a spot on both sides. Ladder design is not used as a
in STAAD foundation. we have designed the shallow main stair because they are usually helpful in connecting the
foundation for the column. The estimation of design effort floor area to the roof area. These staircases are available in a
and cost plays vital role in authorizing funds and variety of design in the market.
controlling budget during the project development process. FLOATING TYPE STAIR CASE :
The results were presented. A floating staircase is an architectural masterpiece for small,
Key Words: metal staircase, analysis, design, STAAD.Pro, dual floor office and duplex’s. Floating staircase is the one
cost estimation which are in floating position which often don’t require the
support from all sides. It is fixed in top, bottom and centre.
I. INTRODUCTION Such staircase can be made with the help of wooden, glass or
Stairways are an essential part of multi-story buildings and stone steps. They usually appear like they are floating in
industrial structures that provide vertical access for space. The floating treads are attached on one side, either to
occupants. This vertical access can be used to move from one wall or a stringer.
level to another and provides a means of egress in an SPIRAL STAIRCASE:
emergency. Stairways provide a safe and efficient option for Spiral stairs follow a helical arc. They usually have a very
travelling within a building. The design and layout of compact design and the treads radiate around a central pole.
stairways is dependent on the intended use, occupant load These staircases are mostly found in modern houses,
and serviceability requirements. This design will focus on restaurants, pubs, beach house etc. and are in the innovation
steel framed stairway design and associated steel components style.
in an effort to highlight code requirements, stair design In the present work we have proposed a steel staircase for R-
methodology, and delegated design considerations. block in URCET (Usha Rama College of Engineering
A staircase has two main elements. First, the substructure &Technology) for the purpose of an emergency exit in the
(foundation) transfers the loaded weight of the staircase to case of a fire/other accident. It is proposed to an existing
the ground; it consists of components such as columns and building. That’s why a metal staircase is used as an
footings. Second, the superstructure of the staircase is the emergency exit without disturbing the main structure.
horizontal platform that spans the space between columns. STAAD.Pro stands for Structural Analysis and Designing
Different types of stair cases were in use. Program. This Software is most used Software for Civil
Engineering designing. Mainly the Software reduces your
STRAIGHT STAIRCASE: manual calculation and time and provides great accuracy.
Straight stairs are stairs without any changes in direction. U-shaped stairs are essentially two parallel flights of straight
They are certainly one of the most common types of stairs stairs joined by a landing that creates a 180-degree turn in
found in both residential and commercial properties. Below the walk line. In this we are using u-shaped staircase for easy

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 7, Issue 12, August-2020 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

accessibility. primarily due to self-weight of structural members,

permanent partition walls, fixed permanent equipment’s and
II. METHODOLOGY weight of different materials. It majorly consists of the
The methodology adopted in this work is provided in the weight of roofs, beams, walls and column etc. which are
below flochart. otherwise the permanent parts of the building.

Dead load=(10x2x60)x2+(4x60)
=2400+240
=2640 (fully occupied factor)
Loading area=1.25x (1.8+0.2+1.8)
=4.75m
=(2400x0.54)+240(4.75)
=1296+1140
=2436KN/ M2

LIVE LOAD:
Live loads are either movable or moving loads without any
acceleration or impact. These loads are assumed to be
produced by the intended use or occupancy of the building
including weights of movable partitions or furniture etc. Live
Fig.1 Methodology
load keeps on changing from time to time. These loads are to
be suitably assumed by the designer. It is one of the major
DRAFTING OF STRUCTURE IN AUTO CAD:
load in the design. The minimum values of live loads to be
assumed a given in IS 875 (part 2)–1987. It depends upon the
intended use of the building.
Live load=5KN/ M2 (From code book IS 875 part 2, clause
no 3.2.3)

ANALYSIS OF STAIRCASE IN STAAD.pro:

Appropriate model dimension (2D or 3D) recommended for
the application of analysis procedures is also justified in
detail. The load calculations includes considerations of dead
load, live load, wind load .
The staircase Modelling, establishes a set of
recommendations for the simplification of the geometry of
Fig.2 Drafting of Stair case location the structure, definition of elements and materials, and the
The R- block of Usha Rama College of Engineering assignment of mass and boundary conditions, among others.
&Technology is considered as case study and a metal A thorough explanation is presented that addresses the
staircase is provided without disturbing the structure. The minimum requirements in the modelling in column bents.
plan shows the detailed view of staircase and its position. The behaviour of staircase and foundations, the
 Rise: 170 mm superstructure is discussed briefly.
 Thread: 300m m
 Length: 1.8 m
 Height of the floor: 3.4 m
 Length of landing: 3.8 m
 Length of step: 1.8 m
 Width of landing:1.25 m
 Stair hall dimension:5.2 x 3.4 m

LOAD CALCULATIONS FOR STAIRCASE

DEAD LOAD:
Dead loads are permanent or stationary loads which are
transferred to structure throughout the life span. Dead load is Fig.3 STAAD Pro window

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 7, Issue 12, August-2020 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

REATION OF MODEL: DEAD LOAD ASSIGNING:

By the help of node curser, given the node values in
STAAD.Pro according to span, width & height of the
staircase and join a Nodes using added beam curser. Finally
stair case geometry is done.

Fig.4 Creation of model in STAAD Pro Fig.7 Assigning Dead loads to the model

LIVE LOAD ASSIGNING

Fig.5 3-D Model

PROPERTY ASSIGN:
In this section, assign the property’s to staircase. We choose
ISMB 100 for the beams, ISMB 200 for the columns and
with plate thickness is 10mm. A fixed support is the most
rigid type of support or connection. It constrains the member Fig.8 Assigning Live loads to the model
in all translations and rotations
REACTIONS:

Fig.8 Reactions and moments

Fig.6 Assigning properties for model

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 7, Issue 12, August-2020 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

Table.1. Reactions and moments

s.no Reactions along Moments along
Y-direction x-direction
A 157.332 0.979

B 160.09 -1.404

C 164.284 0.161

D 151.794 3.318

III. STEEL DESIGN

For design of steel using IS800:2007 we must give the basic
parameters of material. They are yield strength of steel is
415N/mm2, allowable shear stress of steel is 50N/mm2 and
allowable bearing stress is 100N/mm2.
STEPS FOR STEEL DESIGN:

Fig.9 Steel Design

Table.2. Design Section Properties

Pr Section Area Lyy Lzz J
op (cm^2) (cm^4) (cm^4) (cm^4)

2 ISMB 11.400 12.50 182.00 2.120

100
3 ISMB 30.800 137.00 2.11 10.600
200 E+3
4 RECT 4.000 1.333 1.333 2.250
0.2x0.02

FOUNDATION:
A shallow foundation is provided to transfer of load of super
structure to the soil at the base of the substructure. If the
bearing capacity of the soils is good and the soil is good and
the structural load will not cause any settlement of
underlying soil layer, then shallow foundation be selected .

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 7, Issue 12, August-2020 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

Also shallow foundation is mostly used for residential Coefficient of Friction: 0.500
building construction purposes. Factor of Safety Against Sliding: 1.500 Factor of Safety
Against Overturning : 1.500
Design Calculations
Footing Size
Initial Length (Lo) = 1.000 m
Initial Width (Wo) = 1.000 m
Uplift force due to buoyancy = 0.000KN
Effect due to adhesion = 0.000KN
Area from initial length and width, Ao = Lo X Wo 1.000m2
Min. area required from bearing pressure, Amin = P / qmax
= 1.991 m2
Top Reinforcement Design
Minimum Area of Steel (Astmin) = 549.000 mm2 Calculated
Area of Steel (Ast) = 549.000 mm2
Provided Area of Steel (Ast, Provided) = 549.000 mm2
Astmin<= Ast, Provided
Steel area is accepted Governing Moment = 3.113 KNM
Selected bar Size (db) = Ø6
Minimum spacing allowed (Smin) = 50.000 mm
Selected spacing (S) = 73.368 mm
Smin <= S <= Smax and selected bar size < selected
maximum bar size...
The reinforcement is accepted.
Fig.10 Foundation Design
CONNECTIONS
Design Type: Calculate Dimension: The connections provided in steel structures can be classified
Footing Thickness (Ft): 305.000 mm as 1) riveted 2) bolted and 3) welded connections. Riveted
Footing Length - X (Fl): 1000.000 mm connections were once very popular and are still used in
Footing Width - Z (Fw): 1000.000 mm some cases but will gradually be replaced by bolted
Eccentricity along X (Oxd): 0.000 mm connections. This is due to the low strength of rivets, higher
Eccentricity along Z (Ozd) : 0.000 mm installation costs and the inherent inefficiency of the
Column dimensions connection. Welded connections have the advantage that no
Column Shape: Rectangular Column holes need to be drilled in the member and consequently
Length - X (Pl) : 0.200 m have higher efficiencies. However, welding in the field may
Column Width - Z (Pw) : 0.100 m be difficult, costly, and time consuming. Welded connections
Pedestal are also susceptible to failure by cracking under repeated
Include Pedestal? No cyclic loads due to fatigue which may be due to working
Pedestal Shape: N/A Pedestal Height (Ph) : N/A loads such as trains passing over a bridge (high-cycle
Pedestal Length - X (Pl) : N/A fatigue) or earthquakes (low-cycle fatigue). A special type of
Pedestal Width - Z (Pw) : N/A bolted connection using High Strength Friction Grip (HSFG)
Concrete and rebar properties bolts has been found to perform better under such conditions
Unit Weight of Concrete: 25.000 KN/M^3 than the conventional black bolts used to resist
Strength of Concrete: 25.000 N/MM^2 predominantly static loading. Bolted connections are also
Yield Strength of Steel: 415.000 N/MM^2 easy to inspect and replace. The choice of using a particular
Minimum Bar Size: Ø6 type of connection is entirely that of the designer and he
Maximum Bar Size: Ø32 should take his decision based on a good understanding of
Minimum Bar Spacing: 50.000 mm the connection behaviour, economy and speed of
Maximum Bar Spacing: 500.000 mm construction. Ease of fabrication and erection should be
Pedestal Clear Cover (P, CL) : 50.000 mm considered in the design of connections. Attention should be
Footing Clear Cover (F, CL) : 50.000 mm paid to clearances necessary for field erection, tolerances,
Soil properties tightening of fasteners, welding procedures, subsequent
Soil Type: Drained inspection, surface treatment and maintenance. In our project
Unit Weight: 22.000 KN/M^3 bolted connections are consider by the reason of above
Soil Bearing Capacity: 100.000 KN/M^2 benefits.
Soil Surcharge: 0.000kN/m2
Depth of Soil above Footing: 0.000 mm
Cohesion: 0.000 KN/M^2 Min
Percentage of Slab: 0.000

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 7, Issue 12, August-2020 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

Labour cost is estimated to be Rs. 1, 14,850Rs/-

Machinery cost is estimated to be Rs. 9600/-

TOTAL COST:
Table-4 Total cost
Item Cost(Rs/-)
S.no
Fig.11 Bolted Connection 1 Steel materials for staircase 1,37,557
2 Railings 1,58,752
COST ESTIMATION
3 Steps
The estimation of design effort and cost plays a vital role in
authorizing funds and controlling budget during the project Risers 19,656
development process. Typically, the design phase consists of Treads 13,122
various engineering activities that require substantial efforts
in delivering final construction documents for bid 4 Labour charges 1,14,850
preparation. 5 Machinery charges 9,600
MATERIAL COST FOR STAIRCASE
ISMB 100=we need 30-ISMB sections of length (6units) TOTAL 4,53,537
Total length= No of sections x length
=30x60
Total cost=Rs.4, 53,537
Total length=180 mts
Take 2% of miscellaneous cost= 4,53,537 x (2/100) =9071
Weight of section per meter=180x8.90
Cost of project= 4,53,537 + 9071
Total weight=1602 kg
=Rs.4, 62,608
Total price=Total weight x Rate of steel
Rate of steel=43/kg
IV. CONCLUSIONS
=1602 x 43
For emergency exit a metal stair case is proposed for the
Total price=68,886/-
multistory building. There is also a condition that, the stair
Total weight of steel=1597 kg
case should be provided at the outer side of the structure
Total price=Total weight x Rate of steel
without disturbing the main structure for the purpose of easy
=1597 x 43
removal and also used for shifting into another place.
Total price=68,671/-
The stair case has been designed in STAAD Pro.
Total cost for I-sections= 68886 + 68671
Steel Structure and foundation for the structure has been
Total cost for I-sections=1, 37,557/-
designed.
RAILINGS:
ISMB 100, ISMB 200, Rectangular sections of 0.2X0.02
As per market rate for 1 foot railing price =400/- have been used in the design.
Total length of railing=Outer railing + Inner railing
We consider the total load carrying of staircase with the
Outer railing=88mts
factor of safety 1.5.
Inner railing=33mts
Cost estimation for the structural steel, railings, labour and
Total length=88+33
machinery costs were done.
Total length=121mts
The cost of the project is 4, 62,608/- with a project duration
Conversion:
nearly one and half month.
1 meter=3.28foot
121 meters=121 x 3.28
=396.88
REFERENCES
So price of railing
[1] Chun, Y. B. and Ahn, J. W. (2001). “Approximate
400Rs per 1 foot
cost estimating model based on historical cost data
So for 396.88 foot
on golf course.” Journal of Institute of Technology
Price = 396.88 x 400
and Science, Chung Ang University, Vol. 31, pp.
=Rs.1, 58,752/-
71-80.
[2] Recommended guidelines for steel design.
Table-3 MATERIAL COST FOR STAIRCASE
IS800:2007, Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi
S.no Description No’s Q Wt of Cost
of work (m^3) steel (Rs) [3] Recommended guidelines for load calculations.
(KG/M^3) IS875:1987, part-1 for dead load, Bureau of Indian
1 Riser 20 5.4x10^6 145.6 19656 standards, New Delhi.
2 Thread 18 9.72x10^6 9.72 13122 [4] Recommended guidelines for load calculations.
IS875:1987, part-2 for live load, Bureau of Indian
standards, New Delhi
[5] Vahid, Saeid. (2018). Formulation for Free-standing
Staircase. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering.

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 7, Issue 12, August-2020 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

10.1007/s12205-015-0289
[6] Aghajani Delavar, Mohammad & Varnosfaderani,
Mahsa & Bargi, Khosro. (2017). Effects of staircase
on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete
frame buildings considering the position of the
staircase.
[7] Kim, Karen & Steinfeld, Edward. (2016). An
evaluation of stairway designs featured in
architectural record between 2000 and 2012.
International Journal of Architectural Research:
ArchNet-IJAR. 10. 96-112. 10.26687/archnet-
ijar.v10i1.844.

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