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I2DB Ch7.sql

The document shows SQL statements for creating and modifying database tables and constraints. It inserts, updates, and deletes data from tables. It also covers T-SQL programming concepts like variables, conditions, loops, triggers and transactions.

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tienkhoa200604
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© © All Rights Reserved
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15 views

I2DB Ch7.sql

The document shows SQL statements for creating and modifying database tables and constraints. It inserts, updates, and deletes data from tables. It also covers T-SQL programming concepts like variables, conditions, loops, triggers and transactions.

Uploaded by

tienkhoa200604
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

use FUH_COMPANY

----------------------------------------------------------
/* Add some reference constraints */
ALTER TABLE tblEmployee
ADD CONSTRAINT FK_tblEmployee_tblDepartment
FOREIGN KEY(depNum) REFERENCES tblDepartment(depNum)

ALTER TABLE tblDepartment


ADD CONSTRAINT FK_tblDepartment_tblEmployee
FOREIGN KEY(mgrSSN) REFERENCES tblEmployee(empSSN)

ALTER TABLE tblEmployee


ADD CONSTRAINT FK_tblEmployee_tblEmployee
FOREIGN KEY(supervisorSSN) REFERENCES tblEmployee(empSSN)

----------------------------------------------------------
/* Insert some Employees tuples */
SELECT depNum FROM tblDepartment

INSERT INTO tblEmployee(empSSN, empName, empAddress, depNum, supervisorSSN)


VALUES (30121050123, 'Nguyễn Văn A', 'Long An', 10, 30121050037);

INSERT INTO tblEmployee(empSSN, empName, empAddress, depNum, supervisorSSN)


VALUES (30121050123, 'Nguyễn Văn A', 'Long An', 1, 30121050037);

DELETE tblEmployee WHERE empSSN=30121050123

----------------------------------------------------------
/* Update some values */
SELECT depNum FROM tblDepartment;
SELECT empSSN, depNum, supervisorSSN FROM tblEmployee WHERE empSSN=30121050004;

UPDATE tblEmployee
SET depNum=100
WHERE empSSN=30121050004

UPDATE tblEmployee
SET depNum=2
WHERE empSSN=30121050004

UPDATE tblEmployee
SET depNum=1
WHERE empSSN=30121050004

--
DELETE tblDepartment
WHERE depNum=1

INSERT INTO tblDepartment(depNum, depName)


VALUES(123, 'Phòng 123');

DELETE tblDepartment
WHERE depNum=123

----------------------------------------------------------
/*7.2*/
alter table tblEmployee
drop constraint NN_empName
alter table tblEmployee
add constraint NN_empName check (empName is not null)
--
alter table tblEmployee
drop constraint NN_empSalary
alter table tblEmployee
add constraint NN_empSalary check (empSalary is not null)

INSERT INTO tblEmployee(empSSN, empName, empSalary, depNum, supervisorSSN)


VALUES (30121050345, NULL, NULL, 1, 30121050037);

UPDATE tblEmployee
SET empName=NULL
WHERE empSSN=30121050004;

INSERT INTO tblEmployee(empSSN, empName, empSalary, depNum, supervisorSSN)


VALUES (30121050345, 'Nguyễn văn A', 10000, 1, 30121050037);
--
delete tblEmployee where empSSN=30121050345

alter table tblEmployee


drop constraint NN_empName
alter table tblEmployee
drop constraint NN_empSalary

----------------------------------------------------------
/*7.3*/
alter table tblEmployee
drop constraint CHK_empSex

alter table tblEmployee


add constraint CHK_empSex check (empSex in ('F', 'M'))

UPDATE tblEmployee
SET empSex='A'
WHERE empSSN=30121050004;

UPDATE tblEmployee
SET empSex='M'
WHERE empSSN=30121050004;

UPDATE tblEmployee
SET empSex='F'
WHERE empSSN=30121050004;

alter table tblEmployee


drop constraint CHK_empSex

----------------------------------------------------------
/**/
alter table tblEmployee
add constraint CHK_SexAge
check (
(empSex='F' and (YEAR(GETDATE()) - YEAR(empBirthdate)) <=55)
or
(empSex='M' AND (YEAR(GETDATE()) - YEAR(empBirthdate)) <= 60)
)

update tblEmployee
set empSex='F', empBirthdate='1955-01-01'
where empSSn=30121050004;
--
update tblEmployee
set empSex='F', empBirthdate='1975-01-01'
where empSSn=30121050004;

alter table tblEmployee


drop constraint CHK_SexAge

----------------------------------------------------------
/* modifing constraints */
alter table tblEmployee
drop constraint CHK_SexAge
alter table tblEmployee
add constraint CHK_SexAge
check (
(empSex='F' and (YEAR(GETDATE()) - YEAR(empBirthdate)) <=55)
or
(empSex='M' AND (YEAR(GETDATE()) - YEAR(empBirthdate)) <= 65)
)

-- xem các ràng buộc có trong bảng tblEmployee


exec sp_helpconstraint tblEmployee

alter table tblEmployee


drop constraint CHK_SexAge
-- kiểm tra có thì mới drop
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE name='CHK_SexAge')
alter table tblEmployee
drop constraint CHK_SexAge
GO

----------------------------------------------------------
/* Short introduction to T-SQL programming */
----------------------------------------------------------
-- Assign a value into a variable : using SET or SELECT
DECLARE @empName NVARCHAR(20), @empSSN AS DECIMAL, @empSalary DECIMAL=1000
SET @empName=N'Mai Duy An'
SET @empSalary=2000
PRINT @empName
PRINT @empSalary

-- Assign a value into a variable using SQL command : SELECT or UPDATE


DECLARE @empName NVARCHAR(20), @empSalary DECIMAL=1000
SELECT @empName=empName, @empSalary=empSalary
FROM tblEmployee
WHERE empName=N'Mai Duy An'
PRINT @empName
PRINT @empSalary

UPDATE tblEmployee
SET @empName=empName, @empSalary=empSalary
WHERE empName=N'Mai Duy An'
PRINT @empName
PRINT @empSalary

-- Converts an expression from one data type to a different data type : using CAST
or CONVERT function
DECLARE @empName NVARCHAR(20), @empSalary DECIMAL
SET @empName=N'Mai Duy An'
SET @empSalary=1000
PRINT @empName + '''s salary is ' + CAST(@empSalary AS VARCHAR)
PRINT @empName + '''s salary is ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR, @empSalary)

-- using IF statement
DECLARE @workHours DECIMAL, @bonus DECIMAL

SELECT @workHours=SUM(workHours)
FROM tblWorksOn
WHERE empSSN=30121050027
GROUP BY empSSN

IF (@workHours > 300)


SET @bonus=1000
ELSE
SET @bonus=500
PRINT @bonus

-- CASE ... WHEN statement


DECLARE @depNum DECIMAL, @str NVARCHAR(30)
SET @str=
CASE @depNum
WHEN 1 THEN N'Phòng ban số 1'
WHEN 2 THEN N'Phòng ban số 2'
ELSE N'Mã phòng ban khác 1, 2'
END
PRINT @str

DECLARE @depNum DECIMAL, @str NVARCHAR(30)


SET @depNum=1
SET @str=
CASE
WHEN @depNum >= 1 AND @depNum <= 2 THEN N'Phòng ban số 1 hoặc 2'
WHEN @depNum >= 3 THEN N'Phòng ban lớn >= 3'
END
PRINT @str

-- using CASE ... WHEN statement with SELECT SQL statement


DECLARE @womanDayBonus DECIMAL
SELECT @womanDayBonus =
CASE empSex
WHEN 'F' THEN 500
WHEN 'M' THEN 0
END
FROM tblEmployee
WHERE empSSN=30121050004
PRINT @womanDayBonus

DECLARE @womanDayBonus DECIMAL


SELECT @womanDayBonus =
CASE
WHEN empSex='F' THEN 500
WHEN empSex='M' THEN 0
END
FROM tblEmployee
WHERE empSSN=30121050004
PRINT @womanDayBonus
DECLARE @womanDayBonus DECIMAL
SELECT @womanDayBonus =
CASE
WHEN empSex='F' THEN
CASE
WHEN empSalary > 50000 then 500
ELSE 100
END
WHEN empSex='M' THEN 0
END
FROM tblEmployee
WHERE empSSN=30121050004
PRINT @womanDayBonus

-- WHILE statement
DECLARE @factorial INT, @n INT
SET @n=5
SET @factorial=1

WHILE (@n > 1)


BEGIN
SET @factorial = @factorial*@n
SET @n = @n -1
END
PRINT @factorial

-- Handling Error with @@ERROR function


SELECT *
FROM tblDepartment

BEGIN TRANSACTION
INSERT INTO tblDepartment(depNum,depName)
VALUES(6, N'Phòng Kế Toán');

INSERT INTO tblDepartment(depNum,depName)


VALUES(6, N'Phòng Kế Toán');

IF @@ERROR<>0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
PRINT @@ERROR
END
COMMIT TRANSACTION

-- Handling Error with TRY ... CATCH


SELECT *
FROM tblDepartment

BEGIN TRANSACTION --begin transaction


BEGIN TRY
--oparations
INSERT INTO tblDepartment(depNum,depName)
VALUES(6, N'Phòng Kế Toán');

INSERT INTO tblDepartment(depNum,depName)


VALUES(6, N'Phòng Kế Toán');
COMMIT TRANSACTION --commit the transaction
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
PRINT ERROR_NUMBER()
PRINT ERROR_MESSAGE()
END CATCH

----------------------------------------------------------
/* Implement Trigger with T-SQL */
----------------------------------------------------------
-- create trigger
IF OBJECT_ID('Tr_Employee_Insert', 'TR') is not null
drop trigger Tr_Employee_Insert
go
CREATE TRIGGER Tr_Employee_Insert ON tblEmployee
AFTER INSERT
AS
RAISERROR('Insert trigger is awakened',16,1)
go

--test
INSERT INTO tblEmployee(empSSN, empName, empSalary, depNum, supervisorSSN)
VALUES (30121050345, N'Nguyễn Văn Tý', 10000, 1, 30121050037);
SELECT * FROM tblEmployee WHERE empSSN=30121050345

--delete trigger
IF OBJECT_ID('Tr_Employee_Delete', 'TR') is not null
drop trigger Tr_Employee_Delete
go
CREATE TRIGGER Tr_Employee_Delete ON tblEmployee
AFTER DELETE
AS
RAISERROR('Delete trigger is awakened',16,1)
go
--test
DELETE FROM tblEmployee WHERE empSSN=30121050345

--update trigger
IF OBJECT_ID('Tr_Employee_Update', 'TR') is not null
drop trigger Tr_Employee_Update
go
CREATE TRIGGER Tr_Employee_Update ON tblEmployee
AFTER Update
AS
RAISERROR('Update trigger is awakened',16,1)
go
--test
UPDATE tblEmployee
SET empName=N'Trần Văn X'
WHERE empSSN=30121050345

----------------------------------------------------------
/* Abort Transaction */
--Có thể hủy bỏ các tác động trên dữ liệu của lệnh kích hoạt trigger thông qua lệnh
ROLLBACK
--insert trigger
IF OBJECT_ID('Tr_Employee_Insert', 'TR') is not null
drop trigger Tr_Employee_Insert
go
CREATE TRIGGER Tr_Employee_Insert ON tblEmployee
AFTER INSERT
AS
RAISERROR('Insert trigger is awakened',16,1)
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
go
--test
INSERT INTO tblEmployee(empSSN, empName, empSalary, depNum, supervisorSSN)
VALUES (30121050345, N'Nguyễn Văn Tý', 10000, 1, 30121050037);
--not found employee whose empSSN is 30121050345
SELECT * FROM tblEmployee WHERE empSSN=30121050345

----------------------------------------------------------
/* Hai bảng đặc biệt INSERTED and DELETED
Các bộ được thêm mới sẽ lưu trong bảng INSERTED
Các bộ bị xóa sẽ lưu trong bảng DELETED
Trường hợp cập nhật: các bộ ứng với giá trị cũ sẽ lưu trong DELETED và giá trị mới
sẽ lưu trong INSERTED
*/
IF OBJECT_ID('Tr_Employee_Insert', 'TR') is not null
drop trigger Tr_Employee_Insert
go
CREATE TRIGGER Tr_Employee_Insert ON tblEmployee
AFTER INSERT
AS
DECLARE @vEmpSSN DECIMAL, @vEmpName NVARCHAR(50)
SELECT @vEmpSSN=empSSN FROM inserted
SELECT @vEmpName=empName FROM inserted
PRINT 'new tuple:'
PRINT 'empSSN=' + CAST(@vEmpSSN AS nvarchar(11)) + ' empName=' + @vEmpName
go
--test
delete tblEmployee where empSSN=30121050345
INSERT INTO tblEmployee(empSSN, empName, empSalary, depNum, supervisorSSN)
VALUES (30121050345, N'Nguyễn Văn Tý', 10000, 1, 30121050037);

----------------------------------------------------------
/* Không ký hợp đồng với nhân viên dưới 18 tuổi */
IF OBJECT_ID('Tr_Employee_Under18', 'TR') is not null
drop trigger Tr_Employee_Under18
go

CREATE TRIGGER Tr_Employee_Under18 ON tblEmployee


AFTER INSERT, UPDATE
AS
DECLARE @empBirthdate DATETIME, @age INT
SELECT @empBirthdate=empBirthdate
FROM inserted

SET @age=YEAR(GETDATE()) - YEAR(@empBirthdate)


IF (@age < 18)
BEGIN
RAISERROR('This employee is under 18 years old.
We can not sign a contact with him/her.',16,1)
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
END
go
--test for INSERT action
DELETE tblEmployee WHERE empSSN=30121050345
INSERT INTO tblEmployee(empSSN, empName, empBirthdate, depNum, supervisorSSN)
VALUES (30121050345, N'Nguyễn Văn Tý', '1998-01-01', 1, 30121050037);
SELECT * FROM tblEmployee WHERE empSSN=30121050345

--test for UPDATE action


SELECT * FROM tblEmployee WHERE empSSN=30121050004
UPDATE tblEmployee
SET empBirthdate='1999-01-01'
WHERE empSSN=30121050004

/* Không ký hợp đồng với nhân viên dưới 18 tuổi */


-- Dùng EXISTS
IF OBJECT_ID('Tr_Employee_Under18', 'TR') is not null
drop trigger Tr_Employee_Under18
go

CREATE TRIGGER Tr_Employee_Under18 ON tblEmployee


AFTER INSERT, UPDATE
AS
IF EXISTS(SELECT *
FROM inserted
WHERE (YEAR(GETDATE())- YEAR(empBirthdate)) < 18
)
BEGIN
RAISERROR('This employee is under 18 years old.
We can not sign a contact with him/her.',16,1)
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
END
go

--test for INSERT action


DELETE tblEmployee WHERE empSSN=30121050345
INSERT INTO tblEmployee(empSSN, empName, empBirthdate, depNum, supervisorSSN)
VALUES (30121050345, N'Nguyễn Văn Tý', '1998-01-01', 1, 30121050037);
SELECT * FROM tblEmployee WHERE empSSN=30121050345

--test for UPDATE action


SELECT * FROM tblEmployee WHERE empSSN=30121050004
UPDATE tblEmployee
SET empBirthdate='1998-02-17'
WHERE empSSN=30121050004

----------------------------------------------------------
/*
Mỗi nhân viên chỉ cho phép tối đa 2 người phụ thuộc
*/
IF OBJECT_ID('Tr_Dependent_AtMost2', 'TR') is not null
drop trigger Tr_Dependent_AtMost2
go

CREATE TRIGGER Tr_Dependent_AtMost2 ON tblDependent


AFTER INSERT, UPDATE
AS
DECLARE @vNumOfDependent INT
SELECT @vNumOfDependent=COUNT(*)
FROM tblDependent d JOIN INSERTED i ON d.empSSN=i.empSSN
--PRINT @vNumOfDependent
IF (@vNumOfDependent>2)
BEGIN
RAISERROR('Each employee has at most 2 dependents.',16,1)
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
END
go

--test
select * from tblDependent where empSSN=30121050004;
insert into tblDependent(depName, empSSn, depRelationship)
values(N'Vương Thị A', 30121050004, 'Em');
insert into tblDependent(depName, empSSn, depRelationship)
values(N'Vương Thị B', 30121050004, 'Em');

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