Practical File

COMPUTER GRAPHICS
(BCA0604)
CLASS: BCA 6TH
ROLL NO. : 21BCA016
UNIVERSITY ROLL NO: 6210250027
SUBMITTED BY: SAHIL BHARDWAJ
SUBMITTED TO: A.P. ANCHAL SHARMA
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

INDEX

Sr. No. Content Page Sign

no.
1. Write a program in c to draw lines 2

2. Write a program in C to draw a circle 3

3. Draw a hut using graphics.h and fill color in it 4

4. Draw a smiley face using graphics.h 5

5. Write a program in C to draw a rainbow 6

6. Write a program to draw a car 7-8

7. Write a program to show reflection in 2D 9-10

8. Write a program in C++ to performTranslation 11

9. Write a program for Rotation in 2D 12

10. Write a program in C++ to perform scaling 13-14

11. Write a program to show shearing in square 15

12. Program to draw a line using DDA algorithm 16-17

13. Program to draw a circle using mid point 18-19

algorithm
14. Write program to draw a circle using 20-21
Bresenham’s algorithm
15, Draw ellipse using midpoint algorithm 22-23

[1]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

1. Write a program in c to draw lines:

#include <graphics.h>

void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\TurboC++\Disk\TurboC3\BGI");
line(150, 150, 450, 150);
line(150, 250, 450, 250);
getch();
closegraph();
}

OUTPUT:

[2]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

2. Write a program in C to draw a circle:

#include <graphics.h>

void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\TurboC++\Disk\TurboC3\BGI");
circle(300, 200, 100);
getch();
closegraph();
}

OUTPUT:

[3]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

3. Draw a hut using graphics.h and fill color in it:

#include<graphics.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
printf("\t\t ********* HUT ********");
line(150,100,50,200);
line(150,100,350,100);
line(150,100,300,200);
line(300,200,500,200);
line(350,100,500,200);
line(50,200,300,200);
rectangle(50,400,300,200);
rectangle(300,200,500,400);
rectangle(130,250,230,400);
setfillstyle(2, 3);
floodfill(131, 131, WHITE);
floodfill(201, 101, WHITE);
setfillstyle(11, 7);
floodfill(101, 101, WHITE);
floodfill(150, 52, WHITE);
floodfill(163, 55, WHITE);
floodfill(251, 121, WHITE);
getch();
closegraph();
}
OUTPUT:

[4]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

4. Draw a smiley face using graphics.h:

#include <conio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int gr = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gr, &gm, "C:\\Turboc3\\BGI");
setcolor(YELLOW);
circle(300, 100, 40);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, YELLOW);
floodfill(300, 100, YELLOW);
setcolor(BLACK);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, BLACK);
fillellipse(310, 85, 2, 6);
fillellipse(290, 85, 2, 6);
ellipse(300, 100, 205, 335, 20, 9);
ellipse(300, 100, 205, 335, 20, 10);
ellipse(300, 100, 205, 335, 20, 11);
getch();
closegraph();
}

Output:

[5]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

5. Write a program in C to draw a rainbow:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
void rainbow()
{
int gdriver = DETECT,gmode;
int x, y, i;
initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode," C:\TurboC++\Disk\TurboC3\BGI ");

x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;

for (i=30; i<200; i++)

{
delay(100);
setcolor(i/10);
arc(x, y, 0, 180, i-10);
}
}
void main()
{
rainbow();
}

Output:

[6]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

6. Write a program to draw a car:

#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm," C:\TurboC++\Disk\TurboC3\BGI");
line(0,300,640,300);
setcolor(4);
circle(100,285,15);
circle(200,285,15);
circle(100,285,5);
circle(200,285,5);
line(65,285,85,285);
line(115,285,185,285);
line(215,285,235,285);
line(65,285,65,260);
line(235,285,235,260);
line(65,260,100,255);
line(235,260,200,255);
line(100,255,115,235);
line(200,255,185,235);
line(115,235,185,235);
line(106,255,118,238);
line(118,238,118,255);
line(106,255,118,255);
line(194,255,182,238);
line(182,238,182,255);
line(194,255,182,255);
line(121,238,121,255);
line(121,238,148,238);
line(121,255,148,255);
line(148,255,148,238);
line(179,238,179,255);
line(179,238,152,238);
line(179,255,152,255);
line(152,255,152,238);
setcolor(3);
getch();
closegraph();
}

[7]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

Output:

[8]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

7. Write a program to show reflection in 2D:

#include <conio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int gm, gd = DETECT, ax, x1 = 100;
int x2 = 100, x3 = 200, y1 = 100;
int y2 = 200, y3 = 100;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
cleardevice();
line(getmaxx() / 2, 0, getmaxx() / 2,
getmaxy());
line(0, getmaxy() / 2, getmaxx(),
getmaxy() / 2);
printf("Before Reflection Object"
" in 2nd Quadrant");
setcolor(14);
line(x1, y1, x2, y2);
line(x2, y2, x3, y3);
line(x3, y3, x1, y1);
getch();
printf("\nAfter Reflection");
setcolor(4);
line(getmaxx() - x1, getmaxy() - y1,
getmaxx() - x2, getmaxy() - y2);
line(getmaxx() - x2, getmaxy() - y2,
getmaxx() - x3, getmaxy() - y3);
line(getmaxx() - x3, getmaxy() - y3,
getmaxx() - x1, getmaxy() - y1);
setcolor(3);
line(getmaxx() - x1, y1,
getmaxx() - x2, y2);
line(getmaxx() - x2, y2,
getmaxx() - x3, y3);
line(getmaxx() - x3, y3,
getmaxx() - x1, y1);
setcolor(2);
line(x1, getmaxy() - y1, x2,
getmaxy() - y2);
line(x2, getmaxy() - y2, x3,
getmaxy() - y3);

[9]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

line(x3, getmaxy() - y3, x1,

getmaxy() - y1);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Output:

[10]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

8. Write a program in C++ to performTranslation:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,s;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,(char*)"");
cout<<"Translation " <<endl;
int x1=200,y1=150,x2=300,y2=250;
int tx=50,ty=50;
cout<<"Rectangle before translation"<<endl;
setcolor(3);
rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);
setcolor(4);
cout<<"Rectangle after translation"<<endl;
rectangle(x1+tx,y1+ty,x2+tx,y2+ty);
getch();
closegraph();
getch();
}

Output:

[11]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

9. Write a program for Rotation in 2D:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,s;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,(char*)"");
cout<<"Rotation "<<endl;
long x1=200,y1=200,x2=300,y2=300;
double a;
cout<<"Rectangle with rotation"<<endl;
setcolor(3);
rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);
cout<<"Angle of rotation:";
cin>>a;
a=(a*3.14)/180;
long xr=x1+((x2-x1)*cos(a)-(y2-y1)*sin(a));
long yr=y1+((x2-x1)*sin(a)+(y2-y1)*cos(a));
setcolor(2);
rectangle(x1,y1,xr,yr);
getch();

closegraph();
return 0;
}
Output:

[12]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

10. Write a program in C++ to perform scaling:

#include <conio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <iostream.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int gd = DETECT, gm;

int n, x[100], y[100], i;
float sfx, sfy;
void draw();
void scale();

int main()
{
cout << "Enter no. of sides in polygon: ";
cin >> n;
cout << "Enter coordinates x, y for each vertex: ";
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cin >> x[i] >> y[i];
}
cout << "Enter scale factors: sfx and sfy : ";
cin >> sfx >> sfy;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, (char*)"");
cleardevice();
setcolor(RED);
draw();
scale();
setcolor(YELLOW);
draw();
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
void draw()
{
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
line(x[i], y[i], x[(i + 1) % n], y[(i + 1) % n]);
}
}
void scale()
{

[13]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {

x[i] = x[0] + (int)((float)(x[i] - x[0]) * sfx);
y[i] = y[0] + (int)((float)(y[i] - y[0]) * sfx);
}
}

Output:

[14]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

11. Write a program to show shearing in square:

#include <iostream>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, NULL)
int x1 = 100, y1 = 100, x2 = 200, y2 = 100, x3 = 100, y3 = 200, x4 =
200, y4 = 200;
int shx = 2; // Shearing facto
setcolor(RED);
rectangle(x1, y1, x4, y4);
outtextxy(10, 10, "Before Shearing");
x1 += shx * y1;
x2 += shx * y2;
x3 += shx * y3;
x4 += shx * y4;
setcolor(GREEN);
rectangle(x1, y1, x4, y4);
outtextxy(10, 30, "After Shearing");
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

Output:

[15]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

12. Program to draw a line using DDA algorithm:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <dos.h>

void main( )
{
float x,y,x1,y1,x2,y2,dx,dy,step;
int i,gd=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi");

printf("Enter the value of x1 and y1 : ");

scanf("%f%f",&x1,&y1);
printf("Enter the value of x2 and y2: ");
scanf("%f%f",&x2,&y2);

dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);

if(dx>=dy)
step=dx;
else
step=dy;

dx=dx/step;
dy=dy/step;

x=x1;
y=y1;

i=1;
while(i<=step)
{
putpixel(x,y,5);
x=x+dx;
y=y+dy;
i=i+1;
delay(100);
}

[16]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

closegraph();
}

Output:

[17]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

13. Program to draw a circle using mid point algorithm:

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<conio.h>

void CMP(int xcenter, int ycenter, int radius){

int x = 0;
int y = radius;
int p = 1 - radius;
void plotpoints(int, int , int, int);
plotpoints(xcenter, ycenter, x, y);
while(x<y){
x++;
if(p<0){
p = p + 2*x + 1;
}
else{
y--;
p = p + 2*(x-y) + 1;
}
plotpoints(xcenter, ycenter, x, y);
}
}

void plotpoints(int xcenter, int ycenter, int x, int y){

putpixel(xcenter+x, ycenter+y, WHITE);
putpixel(xcenter-x, ycenter+y, WHITE);
putpixel(xcenter+x, ycenter-y, WHITE);
putpixel(xcenter-x, ycenter-y, WHITE);
putpixel(xcenter+y, ycenter+x, WHITE);
putpixel(xcenter-y, ycenter+x, WHITE);
putpixel(xcenter+y, ycenter-x, WHITE);
putpixel(xcenter-y, ycenter-x, WHITE);
}

int main(){
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
CMP(300, 200, 100);

[18]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

getch();
return 0;
}

Output:

[19]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

14. Write program to draw a circle using Bresenham’s algorithm:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <graphics.h>
void drawCircle(int xc, int yc, int x, int y)
{
putpixel(xc+x, yc+y, RED);
putpixel(xc-x, yc+y, RED);
putpixel(xc+x, yc-y, RED);
putpixel(xc-x, yc-y, RED);
putpixel(xc+y, yc+x, RED);
putpixel(xc-y, yc+x, RED);
putpixel(xc+y, yc-x, RED);
putpixel(xc-y, yc-x, RED);
}
void circleBres(int xc, int yc, int r)
{
int x = 0, y = r;
int d = 3 - 2 * r;
drawCircle(xc, yc, x, y);
while (y >= x)
{
x++;
if (d > 0)
{
y--;
d = d + 4 * (x - y) + 10;
}
else
d = d + 4 * x + 6;
drawCircle(xc, yc, x, y);
delay(500);
}
}
int main()
{
int xc = 300, yc =250, r = 100;
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
circleBres(xc, yc, r);
return 0;
}

[20]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

Output:

[21]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

15. Draw ellipse using mid point algorithm:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
float p,x,y,xc,yc,a,b;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\tc\\bgi");
cleardevice();
printf("Enter xc, yc:\n");
scanf("%f%f",&xc,&yc);
printf("Enter a, b:\n");
scanf("%f%f",&a,&b);
x=0;
y=b;
//Region 1
p=(b*b)-(a*a*b)+(0.25*a*a);
do
{
putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,WHITE);
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,WHITE);
putpixel(xc-x,yc+y,WHITE);
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y,WHITE);
if(p<0)
{
x=x+1;
p=p+2*b*b*x+b*b;
}
else
{
x=x+1;
y=y-1;
p=p+2*b*b*x-2*a*a*y+b*b;
}
}while(2*b*b*x<2*a*a*y);
//Region 2
p=(b*b*(x+0.5)*(x+0.5))+((y-1)*(y-1)*a*a-a*a*b*b);
do
{
putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,WHITE);
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,WHITE);

[22]
 [Practical File Computer Graphics]

putpixel(xc-x,yc+y,WHITE);
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y,WHITE);
if(p>0)
{
y=y-1;
p=p-2*a*a*y+a*a;
}
else
{
x=x+1;
y=y-1;
p=p-2*a*a*y+2*b*b*x+a*a;
}
}while(y!=0);
getch();
closegraph();
}

Output:

[23]