Prayer

Nationalistic
Song
 Lesson Vocabulary
atmosphere – the envelope of gases surrounding any
celestial body
gravity – the force of attraction between all mases in
the universe
terrestrial planet – a planet having a compact rocky
surface like the Earth’s
Jovian planet – any of the four outermost planets in
the solar system; much larger than Earth
and gaseous in nature (like Jupiter)
rotate – turn around an axis or a center
Lessons 5 – 6
The Planets of the
Solar System

Compare the planets of the solar system

S6ES-IVg-h-6
The Solar System
 The Solar System

➢ Our solar system consists of our star (the Sun), and everything
bound to it by gravity – the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune; dwarf planets such as Pluto;
dozens of moon and millions of asteroids, comets, and meteoroids.
➢ Located at the center of the
solar system and influencing
the motion of all other bodies
through its gravitational
force is the Sun, which in itself
contains more than 99
percent of the mass of the
system.
 The Solar System

Members of the Solar System

The Sun
→ as a star, it is a ball of gas (92.1 percent hydrogen and 7.8 percent
helium) held together by its own gravity
→ the largest object within our solar system,
comprising 99.8% of the system’s mass
→ located at the center of our solar system
→ though massive, the Sun still isn’t as large as
other types of stars; it is classified as a
yellow dwarf star
→ its magnetic field spreads throughout the solar system via the solar
wind
 The Solar System

Members of the Solar System

Planets
→ space objects that move around
the Sun in paths called orbit
→ celestial bodies that are in orbit
around the Sun, have sufficient
mass for their self-gravity to
overcome rigid body forces so that they assume hydrostatic
equilibrium (nearly round) shape, and have cleared the
neighborhood around their orbit
→ classified into four Terrestrial (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars)
and four Gaseous or Jovian (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune)
 The Solar System

Members of the Solar System

Dwarf Planets
→ objects in space that are like small planets but do not completely fit
the technical description of a planet
→ objects composed largely of frozen “ices”, such as methane,
ammonia, and water
 The Solar System

Members of the Solar System

Moons
→ also known as natural satellites
→ orbit planets and asteroids in our solar system
→ most planetary moons probably formed from
the discs of gas and dust circulating around
planets in the early solar system, though some
are “captured” objects that formed elsewhere
and fell into orbit around larger worlds
 The Solar System

Members of the Solar System

Meteoroids
→ objects in space that range in size from
dust grains to small asteroids; think of
them as “space rocks”
→ when meteoroids enter Earth’s atmosphere
at high speed and burn up, the fireballs
or “shooting stars” are called meteors
→ when a meteoroid survives a trip through the atmosphere and hits
the ground, it’s called a meteorite
 The Solar System

Members of the Solar System

Asteroids
→ sometimes called minor planets, are rocky,
airless remnants left over from the early
formation of our solar system about 4.6
billion years ago
→ most of this ancient space rubble can be
found orbiting the Sun between Mars and
Jupiter within the main asteroid belt
 The Solar System

Members of the Solar System

Comets
→ frozen leftovers from the formation of
the solar system composed of dust, rock
and ices
→ they range from a few miles to tens of
miles wide
→ when a comet’s orbit brings it close to the Sun, it heats up and
spews dust and gases into a giant glowing head larger than most
planets
→ the dust and gases form a tail that stretches away from the Sun for
millions of miles
The Planets of the
Solar System
 The Planets of the Solar System

Terrestrial Planets
Mercury
→ the smallest planet in our solar system and
nearest to the Sun
→ only slightly larger than Earth’s Moon
→ the fastest planet, zipping around the Sun
every 88 Earth days
→ spins slowly on its axis; completes one rotation
every 59 Earth days
→ its surface resembles that of Earth’s moon,
scarred by many impact craters resulting from
collisions with meteoroids and comets
 The Planets of the Solar System

Terrestrial Planets
Mercury
→ it has no moon
→ during the day, temperatures on the surface can reach 800 degrees
Fahrenheit (430 degrees Celsius)
→ nighttime temperatures on the surface can drop to minus 290
degrees Fahrenheit (minus 180 degrees Celsius)
 The Planets of the Solar System

Terrestrial Planets
Venus
→ the second closest planet to the Sun, orbiting
at a distance of about 108 million kilometers
→ often called “Earth’s twin” because they’re
similar in size and structure, but Venus has
extreme surface heat and a dense, toxic
atmosphere
→ rotates very slowly on its axis – one day on Venus lasts 243 Earth
days
→ orbits the Sun faster than Earth, so one year on Venus takes only
about 225 Earth days
 The Planets of the Solar System

Terrestrial Planets
Venus
→ has a solid surface covered in dome-like volcanoes, rifts, and
mountains, with expansive volcanic plains and vast, ridged
plateaus
→ its thick atmosphere traps heat creating a runaway greenhouse
effect – making it the hottest planet in our solar system
→ rotates backward on its axis compared to most planets in our solar
system
→ it has no moon
 The Planets of the Solar System

Terrestrial Planets
Earth
→ the third planet from the Sun, and the only
place we know of so far that’s inhabited by
living things
→ only the fifth largest planet in the solar
system
→ a day on Earth is 24 hours; makes a complete
orbit around the Sun (a year in Earth time) in about 365 days
→ a rocky planet with a solid and dynamic surface of mountains,
canyons, plains, and more; most of our planet is covered in water
→ it has one moon
 The Planets of the Solar System

Terrestrial Planets
Earth
→ many orbiting spacecraft study the Earth from above as a whole
system – observing the atmosphere, ocean, glaciers, and the solid
earth
→ its atmosphere is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other
ingredients - the perfect balance to breathe and live
→ our atmosphere protects us from incoming meteoroids, most of
which break up in our atmosphere before they can strike the
surface
 The Planets of the Solar System

Terrestrial Planets
Mars
→ the fourth planet from the Sun at an average
distance of about 228 million kilometers
→ one day on Mars takes a little over 24 hours
→ makes a complete orbit around the Sun
(a year in Martian time) in 687 Earth days
→ known as the Red Planet because iron
minerals in the Martian soil oxidize, or rust, causing the soil and
atmosphere to look red
→ has two moons named Phobos and Deimos
 The Planets of the Solar System

Terrestrial Planets
Mars
→ a rocky planet; its solid surface has been altered by volcanoes,
impacts, winds, crustal movement, and chemical reactions
→ has a thin atmosphere made up mostly of carbon dioxide (CO2)
argon (Ar), nitrogen (N2), and a small amount of oxygen and
water vapor
 The Planets of the Solar System

Jovian Planets
Jupiter
→ the fifth planet from our Sun and is, by far,
the largest planet in the solar system
→ its stripes and swirls are actually cold, windy
clouds of ammonia and water, floating in an
atmosphere of hydrogen and helium
→ its iconic Great Red Spot is a giant storm
bigger than Earth that has raged for hundreds of years
→ has the shortest day in the solar system; one day on Jupiter takes
only about 10 hours, and makes a complete orbit around the Sun (a
year in Jovian time) in about 12 Earth years (4, 333 Earth days)
 The Planets of the Solar System

Jovian Planets
Jupiter
→ its rings were a surprise, as they are composed of small, dark
particles and are difficult to see except when backlit by the Sun
→ has 95 moons that have been officially recognized by the
International Astronomical Union
→ its four largest moons are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto
→ its atmosphere is made up of mostly hydrogen gas and helium gas
→ covered in thick red, brown, yellow and white clouds
 The Planets of the Solar System

Jovian Planets
Saturn
→ sixth planet from the Sun and the second
largest planet in our solar system
→ one day on Saturn takes only 10.7 hours,
and makes a complete orbit around the
Sun (a year in Saturnian time) in about
29.4 Earth years (10, 756 Earth days)
→ made mostly of hydrogen and helium
→ blanketed with clouds that appear as faint stripes, jet streams and
storms; many different shades of yellow, brown and gray
 The Planets of the Solar System

Jovian Planets
Saturn
→ has the most spectacular ring system, with seven rings and several
gaps and divisions between them
→ its rings are thought to be pieces of comets, asteroids or shattered
moons that broke up before they reached the planet, torn apart by
its powerful gravity
→ as of June 8, 2023, Saturn has 146 moons in its orbit
→ the moons range in size from larger than the planet Mercury – the
giant moon Titan – to as small as a sports arena
 The Planets of the Solar System

Jovian Planets
Uranus
→ the seventh planet from the Sun with the
third largest diameter in our solar system
→ the only planet whose equator is nearly at a
right angle to its orbit, with a tilt of 97.7
degrees; this unique tilt causes the most
extreme seasons in the solar system
→ one day on Uranus takes about 17 hours, and makes a complete
orbit around the Sun (a year in Uranian time) in about 84 Earth
years (30, 687 Earth days)
→ one of the two ice giants in the solar system
 The Planets of the Solar System

Jovian Planets
Uranus
→ most (80 percent or more) of the planet’s mass is made up of a hot
dense fluid of “icy” materials – water, methane and ammonia – above
a small rocky core
→ its atmosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium, with a small amount of
methane and traces of water and ammonia
→ gets its blue-green color from methane gas in the atmosphere
→ surrounded by 13 faint rings; inner rings are narrow and dark and the
outer rings are brightly colored
→ has 28 known moons, including five major moons: Miranda, Ariel,
Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon
→ like Venus, Uranus rotates east to west
 The Planets of the Solar System

Jovian Planets
Neptune
→ the eighth and most distant planet in our
solar system
→ one day on Neptune takes about 16 hours,
and makes a complete orbit around the
Sun (a year in Neptunian time) in about
165 Earth years (60, 190 Earth days)
→ in 2011, Neptune completed its first 165-year orbit since its discovery
in 1846
→ one of the two ice giants in the outer solar system
→ has at least five main rings and four prominent ring arcs
 The Planets of the Solar System

Jovian Planets
Neptune
→ most (80 percent or more) of the planet’s mass is made up of a hot
dense fluid of “icy” materials – water, methane and ammonia –
above a small rocky core
→ its atmosphere is made mostly of hydrogen and helium with just a
little bit of methane
→ Neptune’s neighbor Uranus is a blue-green color due to such
atmospheric methane, but Neptune is a more vivid, brighter blue,
so there must be an unknown component that causes the more
intense color
→ has 16 known moons
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The New Science Links 6 Worktext in Science and Technology
Department of Education, Existing Learning Materials, MISOSA Science Grade 6, Downloaded from LRMDS, Department of Education, Philippines
Science – Grade 6 Self Learning Kit Quarter 4 – Weeks 6-7: The Planets of the Solar System, First Edition, 2021