Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR1180

Blockchain based Decentralized Application

Vedant Patil1; Ankit Parkhe2; Parth Mali3; Dr. Anil Kale4
Mahatma Gandhi Mission’s College of Engineering and Technology, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra

Abstract:- This research article provides an overview of contracts, blockchain enhances trust, reduces transaction
business applications (DApps) in the context of costs, and improves overall efficiency within supply chains
blockchain innovation. It includes the definition, [10].
structure and classification of DApps, highlighting their
focus and challenges. It also examines the importance of However, despite the burgeoning interest in
distribution, security, user participation, flexibility, blockchain's applications, the field lacks a comprehensive
collaboration, and governance in DApp development. understanding of its capabilities and limitations [9].
The article also examines smart contracts, protocols, Definitions and classifications of blockchain-based
APIs, and independent independent organizations decentralized applications (DApps) remain ambiguous,
(DAOs) when implementing DApps. Overall, it impeding further research and development efforts [9]. To
highlights the importance of blockchain innovation in address this gap, systematic reviews of blockchain
this field, offering some information and advice to technology are crucial for providing clarity and insights into
designers and partners interested in creating DApps. its multifaceted nature [9].

Keywords:- Decentralized Application (DApp), Graphic In light of these considerations, this paper aims to
user Interface, Inter Planetary File System, Smart Contract, explore the current landscape of blockchain technology,
Ethereum. with a specific focus on its application in the supply chain
domain. By conducting a systematic literature review, we
I. INTRODUCTION seek to address fundamental research questions and identify
key areas where blockchain can provide the most value [10].
In 2008, an enigmatic figure known as Satoshi Our investigation will encompass topics such as traceability,
Nakamoto introduced Bitcoin, a groundbreaking transparency, trade behavior, data security, and access
cryptocurrency, along with its underlying technology, control within supply chains, shedding light on the pressing
blockchain [10]. Originally devised as a decentralized ledger needs and potential benefits of blockchain integration [10].
for Bitcoin transactions, blockchain revolutionized digital
currency by eliminating the need for a central authority to To achieve this goal, we will first provide an overview
prevent double spending [8]. This innovation laid the of blockchain technology, its origins, key features, and
groundwork for a new era of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, structural components [10]. Next, we will elucidate our
empowering individuals to timestamp transactions securely research methodology for conducting the systematic
through a consensus algorithm called Proof of Work (PoW) literature review and gathering relevant materials [10].
[8]. Subsequently, we will delve into blockchain's applications
in the supply chain, examining existing studies and
The advent of blockchain technology not only identifying emerging trends [10]. Finally, we will offer a
reshaped digital finance but also sparked widespread interest comprehensive discussion and conclusion based on our
across diverse sectors [10]. Over the years, blockchain findings, highlighting implications for future research and
evolved from its early iterations (dubbed "blockchain 1.0") industry practices [10].
focused on cryptocurrencies to more sophisticated versions,
culminating in "blockchain 3.0" characterized by its  Problem Statement & Objective
application in various fields such as finance, government The world is witnessing a growing need for secure,
affairs, and supply chain management [10]. This progression transparent, and efficient systems to manage various aspects
underscores the technology's adaptability and transformative of business and daily life. Centralized systems have
potential. traditionally been the norm, but they often suffer from issues
related to data security, trust, and control. As a solution,
One area where blockchain has shown particular decentralized applications (DApps) built on blockchain
promise is the supply chain industry [10]. As globalization technology have gained prominence. However, there are
intensifies and market demands grow more complex, several challenges and problems to address in the
traditional supply chains face escalating challenges related development and implementation of blockchain-based
to information sharing, coordination, and security [10]. DApps.
Blockchain's distributed ledger architecture offers a
compelling solution by providing a tamper-resistant,
transparent platform for recording and verifying transactions
[10]. By leveraging cryptographic techniques and smart

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR1180

 Security:  Blockchain-based Decentralized Applications:

Security remains a significant concern for blockchain- In the book "Ethereum: Blockchain Application
based DApps. Developing robust smart contracts, Development for Beginners" by Adrian Mouat, the author
preventing hacks, and ensuring that users' assets and data are discusses the development of decentralized applications
protected are crucial challenges. (DApps) using the Ethereum blockchain. The book covers
the technical aspects of DApps, including smart contracts,
 Scalability: web3.js, and IPFS, and provides real-world use cases. It
Many existing blockchain networks, such as Ethereum, highlights the challenges and opportunities of DApps,
face scalability issues. This means that as more users and emphasizing their potential to disrupt traditional industries
applications join the network, the transaction speed and and foster innovation.[3]
efficiency may decrease. Developing a DApp that can
handle a high volume of transactions without compromising  ERC-1155 NFT Marketplace:
on performance is a critical challenge. In the LinkedIn article "ERC-1155 NFT Marketplace"
by Shiran Sukumar, the author explores the development of
 Interoperability: a decentralized NFT marketplace using the ERC-1155
There are various blockchain platforms, each with its standard. The article discusses the technical aspects of
own standards and protocols. Building a DApp that can implementing the ERC-1155 standard, including its benefits
interact seamlessly with multiple blockchains and other and challenges. It also highlights the potential of NFT
systems is essential for widespread adoption and marketplaces in the decentralized landscape, emphasizing
functionality. the need for scalable and user-friendly solutions.[4]

 User Experience:  How DeFi protocols and apps can use IPFS:
DApps must be user-friendly to attract a broader user In the Pinata Cloud article "How DeFi protocols and
base. Ensuring an intuitive user interface and a smooth apps can use IPFS", the author discusses the integration of
onboarding process is vital to encourage adoption and IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) in decentralized finance
continued usage. (DeFi) protocols and applications. The article highlights the
benefits of using IPFS, including scalability, data integrity,
II. LITERATURE SURVEY and decentralization. It also provides best practices for
integrating IPFS in DeFi applications, emphasizing the need
We studied various papers based on the Blockchain for user-friendly and secure solutions.[5]
based Decentralized Application, following are the papers
which helped us in getting necessary insights for developing  A Federated Blockchain Architecture for File Storage
our project. with Improved Scalability:
In the journal article "A Federated Blockchain
 Blockchain-based Smart Contracts for DApps: Architecture for File Storage with Improved Scalability", the
In the book "Mastering Blockchain: Unlocking the Biz authors propose a federated blockchain architecture for file
and Tech of the Next Internet" by Imran Bashir, the author storage with improved scalability. The article discusses the
delves into the integration of blockchain technology and challenges of traditional blockchain-based file storage
smart contracts in DApps. The book introduces blockchain systems, including scalability and data availability. It
and smart contracts, highlights the benefits of DApps, and proposes a federated blockchain architecture that addresses
discusses challenges and best practices. It envisions future these challenges, emphasizing the need for scalable and
opportunities for blockchain-based smart contracts, secure file storage solutions in the decentralized
emphasizing their transformative potential in advancing landscape.[6]
decentralized applications.[1]
 Everything You Need for Development of Decentralized
 Decentralized Applications: A Comprehensive Review : Applications Using Ethereum:
In the book "Solidity Programming: Building In the journal article "Everything You Need for
Blockchain Applications with Ethereum" by Elad Elrom, the Development of Decentralized Applications Using
author provides a comprehensive analysis of decentralized Ethereum", the authors provide a comprehensive guide for
applications (DApps). It covers their definition, developing decentralized applications (DApps) using the
classification, technical architecture, real-world use cases, Ethereum blockchain. The article covers the technical
challenges, and future prospects. The book underscores the aspects of DApps, including smart contracts, web3.js, and
transformative potential of DApps in revolutionizing various IPFS. It also provides best practices for developing DApps,
industries and fostering innovation while acknowledging the emphasizing the need for user-friendly and secure
hurdles they face, such as scalability and regulatory solutions.[7]
concerns. Overall, it offers a comprehensive overview of
DApps and their impact on the decentralized landscape.[2]

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR1180

 Proposed System experience. Node.js serves as the back-end framework,

The proposed system architecture for the blockchain- handling server-side operations and facilitating seamless
based drive web app consists of several interconnected integration with the Ethereum blockchain. IPFS
components. At the forefront is the user interface (UI), (InterPlanetary File System) is integrated for decentralized
designed to provide a seamless experience for users storage, enabling the secure and distributed storage of
interacting with the system. The backend server handles the product images and other essential data.
application's core logic, managing user authentication, file
storage, encryption/decryption, and interaction with the  System Architecture:
blockchain network. Integration with a blockchain network, This section provides a detailed description of the
such as Ethereum or Hyperledger Fabric, ensures data system architecture, elucidating how various components
integrity and security through the use of smart contracts to interact to deliver the desired functionality. It delineates the
manage file ownership, access control, and transactions. File client-side interface, where users engage with the DApp
storage is facilitated by decentralized or distributed systems through a web-based application developed using React.js.
like IPFS, ensuring high availability and redundancy. Smart contracts are deployed on the Ethereum blockchain,
Encryption and decryption mechanisms safeguard data serving as the backbone of the decentralized platform and
privacy, while robust user authentication and access control governing critical functionalities such as transaction
mechanisms govern user permissions for file operations. processing and dispute resolution. Decentralized storage via
Transaction management on the blockchain records file- IPFS ensures the secure and reliable storage of product-
related activities securely, with proper validation and related media assets, with references stored on the
verification procedures in place. Additionally, APIs and blockchain for easy retrieval.
integrations enable seamless interaction with third-party
services, while scalability, performance optimization,  Development Process:
monitoring, logging, testing, deployment, and security This section offers insights into the development
measures ensure a reliable and secure system operation. methodology adopted for the project, underscoring the
Adjustments can be made based on specific requirements, importance of agility and adaptability in responding to
with the architecture providing a solid foundation for the evolving requirements and challenges. It elaborates on the
development of a feature-rich and resilient blockchain-based utilization of Agile methodologies or iterative development
drive web application. approaches tailored to the specific needs of the project.
Tools such as Jira or Trello are employed for efficient
III. METHODOLOGY project management, facilitating task organization,
assignment, and tracking throughout the development
 Project Overview: lifecycle. Version control systems like Git ensure
This section provides a comprehensive overview of the collaboration and code management, while communication
blockchain-based shopping decentralized application platforms such as Slack or Discord foster seamless
(DApp) project. It delves into the project's purpose, collaboration among team members.
emphasizing its aim to revolutionize e-commerce by
offering a decentralized platform that ensures secure,  Smart Contracts:
transparent, and trustless transactions between buyers and This section delves into the design and implementation
sellers. The DApp prioritizes empowering users by of smart contracts, elucidating their pivotal role in enabling
providing them with control over their data and fostering a secure and trustless transactions within the decentralized
fair and efficient marketplace. Key features include product marketplace. It covers key functionalities such as product
listing functionalities enabling sellers to showcase their listing, purchasing, and payment processing, detailing the
goods, purchase capabilities allowing buyers to acquire logic governing user authentication, inventory management,
products seamlessly, and transaction tracking mechanisms and dispute resolution. Attention is paid to ensuring the
for enhanced transparency. The target audience comprises integrity, efficiency, and security of smart contract code
individuals seeking an alternative to conventional e- through rigorous testing and adherence to best practices.
commerce platforms, particularly those interested in
leveraging blockchain technology for its inherent security  User Interface Design:
and immutability. This section explores the principles and methodologies
employed in designing the user interface (UI) of the DApp,
 Technology Stack: focusing on delivering an intuitive, engaging, and accessible
This section outlines the technological foundation of user experience. It discusses the iterative process of
the DApp, highlighting the selection of robust and wireframing, prototyping, and user testing to refine the UI
compatible technologies, frameworks, and tools. It specifies design and enhance usability across different devices and
Ethereum as the chosen blockchain platform due to its screen sizes. Considerations for accessibility and
extensive smart contract functionality and widespread responsiveness are paramount, ensuring inclusivity and
adoption within the blockchain community. Solidity is seamless interaction for all users.
identified as the primary smart contract language,
facilitating the development of secure and efficient contract
logic. React.js is employed for building the front-end
interface, ensuring a dynamic and responsive user

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR1180

 Decentralized Storage Integration:

This section delves into the integration of IPFS for
decentralized storage, elucidating the upload and retrieval
processes for product images and other media assets. It
describes how files are broken into chunks and distributed
across the IPFS network, with corresponding hashes stored
on the blockchain for reference. The section also addresses
considerations for data integrity, availability, and scalability
in leveraging IPFS for decentralized storage.

 Testing Methodology:
This section outlines the testing approach adopted to
ensure the reliability, security, and performance of the
DApp. It encompasses various testing methodologies,
including unit tests for smart contracts, integration tests for
system components, and end-to-end tests for user
workflows. Testing frameworks such as Truffle or Jest are
utilized to automate testing processes and streamline quality
assurance efforts, ensuring the robustness and stability of the Fig 1 System Architecture
DApp.
IV. WORKING
 Security Considerations:
This section addresses potential security threats and A decentralized e-commerce app operates on a
vulnerabilities inherent in blockchain-based applications, distributed network, where transactions and data are
emphasizing the importance of implementing robust security recorded on a decentralized ledger, such as a blockchain.
measures to mitigate risks effectively. It discusses common This ensures transparency, security, and trust among all
security threats such as smart contract vulnerabilities, parties involved. By utilizing blockchain technologies like
unauthorized access to user data, and potential attack Ethereum, which supports smart contracts, the app can
vectors. Measures such as code audits, secure coding facilitate automated and trustless transactions.
practices, and encryption techniques are employed to
safeguard user assets and data integrity. In this app, users can sell and buy products through a
web interface that interacts with smart contracts on the
 Ethical Considerations: blockchain. IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) can be used
This section highlights ethical considerations to host the site and product images, ensuring a truly
pertaining to user privacy, data ownership, and fair-trade decentralized platform. An escrow system can be
practices within the decentralized shopping ecosystem. It implemented to hold funds until all parties agree on the
discusses measures taken to uphold ethical standards, such release or refund of funds, adding an extra layer of
as transparent governance mechanisms, community-driven security and trust.
moderation policies, and adherence to principles of fairness
and inclusivity. Considerations for promoting a safe, To enhance the user experience, the app can include
trustworthy, and inclusive marketplace environment are features like filtering products based on category and
paramount, fostering user trust and confidence in the DApp sold/unsold status, and updating the page in real-time as
platform. different transactions occur. Additionally, writing unit
tests for the contract functionality can be beneficial for
 IPFS-based Storage: ensuring the app's reliability and security.
IPFS (Inter Planetary File System) offers a
decentralized storage solution with numerous benefits over Decentralized e-commerce apps have the potential to
traditional cloud storage methods. It distributes data across a revolutionize the e-commerce industry by providing a
network of nodes, ensuring data availability and reducing trustworthy and secure platform for online transactions,
the risk of data loss. With a content-addressing system, IPFS while also reducing the need for intermediaries and
provides scalability, data integrity, and eliminates costly centralized authorities. By leveraging the power of
configurations. It also allows users to rent unused storage blockchain technology, these apps can provide a more
space, offering a cost-effective solution for data storage. transparent, secure, and efficient way of conducting e-
Migrating data is straightforward and less costly due to its commerce.
distributed nature. Therefore, IPFS-based storage is an
efficient, cost –effective, and scalable solution for
decentralized storage, making it appealing for various
industries.

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR1180

V. RESULT

Here are the outcomes attained post the development of the decentralized shopping application. The findings display the user
interface which has a public market place and the user NFT wallet, where you can buy NFTs from market place and you will have
it on your wallet.

Fig 2 Home-Page

Fig 3 Transaction Successful

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR1180

Fig 4 Upload Page

VI. FUTURE SCOPE blockchain-specific challenges like transaction latency and

network congestion.
Working on a blockchain-based decentralized shopping
app involves various tasks and responsibilities across different  Deployment:
stages of development. Here's an overview of what your role Deploy smart contracts to the chosen blockchain
might entail: network (e.g., Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain) using
deployment tools like Truffle or Remix. Host the front-end
 Requirement Gathering and Planning: application on web servers or decentralized storage platforms.
Collaborate with stakeholders to understand project Configure and deploy IPFS nodes for decentralized storage of
requirements, goals, and target audience. Define project media assets. Ensure proper configuration and optimization of
scope, features, and timeline. Plan the architecture and the app for production deployment.
technology stack suitable for the decentralized shopping app.
 Maintenance and Optimization:
 Design: Provide ongoing support and maintenance to address
Create wireframes, mockups, and prototypes for the user any bugs, issues, or feature requests. Optimize the app for
interface (UI) and user experience (UX) of the app. Design performance, scalability, and user experience based on
the database schema and system architecture, considering feedback and usage data. Monitor the blockchain network for
decentralized storage solutions like IPFS. Ensure compliance any updates or changes that may impact the app's
with blockchain principles such as decentralization, functionality. Continuously improve security measures to
immutability, and transparency in the design. protect user data and assets from potential threats or
vulnerabilities.
 Development:
Develop smart contracts using Solidity or other  Community Engagement:
compatible languages for functionalities like purchasing, Engage with the community to gather feedback, address
inventory management, and dispute resolution. Implement the concerns, and promote adoption of the decentralized shopping
front-end of the app using frameworks like React.js or Vue.js, app. Participate in relevant forums, social media channels,
integrating with the blockchain through web3.js or similar and events to raise awareness and build a strong user base.
libraries. Build the back-end infrastructure for handling user Foster a supportive and inclusive community around the app,
authentication, product listings, and interactions with the encouraging collaboration and contribution from users and
blockchain network. Integrate decentralized storage solutions developers alike.
for storing product images and other media assets securely.
Throughout the development process, it's essential to
 Testing: stay updated with the latest developments in blockchain
Write and execute unit tests for smart contracts to ensure technology, decentralized finance (DeFi), and decentralized
their correctness and robustness. Conduct integration testing application to leverage innovative solutions and best practices
to verify the interaction between different components of the in building the decentralized shopping app. Collaboration
app. Perform user acceptance testing to validate user with a diverse team of developers, designers, and blockchain
workflows and overall functionality. Test the app's experts can also enhance the quality and success of the
performance, security, and scalability, considering project.

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR1180

VII. CONCLUSION

In summary, the examination of blockchain-based

decentralized e-commerce applications highlights their
potential to transform the traditional e-commerce
landscape profoundly. By leveraging decentralization,
cryptographic security, and transparent transactions,
blockchain offers innovative solutions to longstanding
challenges within the industry. Our systematic review has
provided valuable insights into essential principles,
methodologies, and best practices for the development and
implementation of such applications.

Blockchain technology presents exciting

opportunities for e-commerce stakeholders, including
enhanced security, increased trust, and streamlined
transactions through smart contracts. However, significant
challenges such as scalability, regulatory compliance, and
user adoption persist.

Looking ahead, ongoing research and collaborative

efforts are crucial to address these challenges and fully
realize the potential of blockchain-based decentralized e-
commerce. By harnessing the capabilities of blockchain
and fostering innovation, stakeholders can create a more
secure, transparent, and efficient e-commerce ecosystem
for all participants. As the technology continues to evolve,
it is essential for developers, businesses, and
policymakers to collaborate effectively to shape the future
of blockchain in e-commerce.

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[3]. Mouat, A.. Ethereum: Blockchain Application
Development for Beginners. Publisher.
[4]. Sukumar, S. (2024, February 17). ERC-1155 NFT
Marketplace. LinkedIn.
[5]. Pinata., How DeFi protocols and apps can use
IPFS. Pinata Cloud.
[6]. A Federated Blockchain Architecture for File Storage
with Improved
[7]. Every Stuff You Need for Development of
Decentralized App Using
[8]. Le, Tuan-Vinh & Hsu, Chien-Lung. (2021). A
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[9]. Zheng, Peilin & Jiang, Zigui & Wu, Jiajing & Zheng,
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[10]. Boyu Liu , Xiameng Si * and Haiyan Kang, A
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