CIVIL ENGINEERING

Year of
FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF Category L T P Credit
CET372 Introduction
BUILDINGS
PEC 3 0 0 3 2019

Preamble: The general objective of this course is to provide an insight to the students to various
aspects of functional design of buildings and innovative construction methods.

Pre-requisite: CE204 Construction Technology

Course outcome : After the course, the student will able to:

CO1 Develop an understanding of acoustical design and noise control techniques

CO2 Understand elemental concepts of natural and artificial lighting designs
Know the principles involved in the design of buildings for thermal comfort and influence
CO3
of climate on design of buildings
Have basic concept for electrical load calculation, plumbing design, HVAC load
CO4
Calculation, functioning of elevators and escalators and rough cost estimation.
CO5 Acquire knowledge of innovative construction concepts

PO PO PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO1 PO1 PO12
Functional Design of

1 2 0 1
CO1 3 3
Buildings
CET372

CO2 3 3
CO3 3 3
CO4 3 3
CO5 3 3

Assessment pattern

Continuous Assessment Tests

Bloom’s Test 1 Test 2 End Semester Examination
Category (Marks) (Marks) (Marks)
Remember 5 5 15
Understand 10 10 15
Apply 20 20 40
Analyze 15 15 30
Evaluate
Create
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Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Attendance : 10marks
Continuous Assessment Test (2numbers) : 25 marks
Assignment/Quiz/Course project : 15marks
Total : 50marks

End semester examination pattern – There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A
contain 10 questions with 2 questions from each module, having 3 marks for each
question. Students should answer all questions. Part B contains 2 questions from each
module of which student should answer any one. Each question can have maximum 2 sub-
divisions and carry 14marks.

Course Level Assessment Questions

(Questions may be framed based on the outline given under each course outcome)

Course Outcome 1 (CO1)

1. Develop an understanding of acoustical design and noise control techniques
2. Applications of acoustics
3. Explain the acoustical considerations for offices, hospitals and industrial buildings

Course Outcome 2 (CO2)

1. Explain the purposes of lighting
2. Explain the basic concepts of natural and artificial lighting
3. Explain the different methods used for the design of natural lighting
4. Explain the different methods used for the design of artificial lighting

Course Outcome 3 (CO3)

1. Evaluate the principles involved in the design of buildings for thermal comfort
2. Explain the influence of climate on design of buildings
3. Compute solar radiation on different surfaces
4. Describe thermo physical properties of buildings

Course Outcome 4 (CO4)

1. Describe the basic concepts for electrical load calculation of structures
2. Explain the basic criteria for plumbing design
3. Calculation of HVAC load
4. Explain the functioning of elevators and escalators
5. Understand the rough cost estimation
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Course Outcome 5 (CO5)

1. Understand traditional techniques in Tropical climate with vernacular buildings in Kerala
2. Explain the concepts of green building
3. Describe concepts for intelligent buildings
4. Explain innovative construction methods

Course Code: CET 372

FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF BUILDINGS
Syllabus

Module I

Acoustical / Sonic Environment and acoustical comfort: Sound, Nature of sound- Behavior of
sound in enclosed spaces-Concept of Geometric Acoustics-Reflection of sound and their
applications- Absorption of sound-Sound absorption coefficient-Human Audibility range-
Reverberation & Reverberation Time Calculation- Flanking paths- Sound absorption-materials
and fixings- Reverberation-Sabine’s formula-Eyrings modification.-Basic design of the elements
for the required degree of sound insulation- Air and structure born noises-equivalent noise
levels-day and night equivalent.

Acoustics, applications: Measures of noise control- Source-path and receiving end. TL value
and computation of TL value, Acoustical defects- acoustical design of auditoriums and small
lecture halls-Acoustical considerations of offices, hospitals and Industrial buildings.

Module II

Natural lighting: Visual task requirements, Units of Light, Light, Vision and Buildings,
Standards of Lighting and Visual comfort-The sky as a source of light, Daylight factor, Daylight
penetration- Calculation of daylight factor. Design of side-lit windows-BIS and CBRI methods-
skylights

Artificial lighting: Artificial lighting- illumination requirements-lux meter – lamps and

luminaries – polar distribution curves– Color temperature and color rendering index- glare -
Design of artificial lighting – lumen method – point by point method. Basic idea of street
lighting and outside lighting
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Module III

Thermal comfort: Factors affecting thermal comfort- effective temperature- thermal comfort
indices-ET-CET Charts- Bioclimatic chart- Psychrometry and Psycrometric chart.

Earth-Sun relationship: Sun’s apparent movement with respect to the earth. Solar angles-
Computation of solar radiation on different surfaces-solar path diagram-shadow-throw concept
and design of shading devices

Thermal design of buildings: Thermo physical properties of building materials and thermal
control: passive and active building design- Steady and periodic heat flow through building
envelope.

Design approaches: Climate conscious designs- Climatic zones in India- orientation and shape
of buildings in different climatic zones- Passive solar-Active solar and Active approaches.
Requirements of buildings in tropical areas-Thermal insulation

Module IV

Functional elements: Concept for electrical load calculation of structures- basic criteria for
plumbing design – basic concept of HVAC load calculation – Basic concept of functioning of
elevators and escalators- basic cost estimation.

Functional protection: Causes of fire, Mechanism of fire spread in buildings, classification of

fire-High temperature effects and combustibility of building materials and structure- Fire alarm
system, and means of escape-Firefighting installations.

Module V

Functionality as per Vastusastra: Basic concepts- Governing criteria of functionality- Energy

pattern- understand traditional techniques in Tropical climate with vernacular buildings in Kerala
as case study.

Innovative concepts of functionality: Concept of green building- case studies on low energy
and green buildings-Concepts of Intelligent building- Thirsty concrete- Blue roads- self healing
concrete
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Text Books and References:

1. Knudsen V.O. and Harris C.M., Acoustical Design in Architecture, John Wiley,1980

2. M David Egan , Architectural Acoustics, J.Ross Publishing,2007

3. Marshall Long, “Architectural Acoustics”, Second Edition, Academic Press, Waltham, USA,
2014

4. Bureau of Indian standards, Handbook on Functional Requirement of Buildings – SP:41(S and

T)-1987
5. Pritchard, D.C., "Lighting", Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow,1995.
6. Benjamin Evans, "Daylight in Architecture", McGraw - Hill Book Company, Newyork,1981.
7.Koenigseberger, Manual of tropical Housing and Building Part I – Climatic design, Orient
Longman,2011
8. AjithaSimha.D, Building Environment, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi,1985
9. Jain. V.K., "Design and Installation of Services in Building complexes &High Rise
Buildings", Khanna Tech. Publishers, New Delhi,1986.
10. National Building Code of India (NBC2016)
11. Wayne Forster and Dean Hawkes, “Energy Efficient Buildings: Architecture, Engineering,
and Environment”. W.W. Norton Company Inc.2002.

12. Bureau of Energy Efficiency, India. Design Guidelines for Energy Efficient Multi-Storey
Buildings,2014.
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Course
No of
Module Topic outcome
Hours
addressed

Module I (8 Hours)

1.1 Acoustical / Sonic Environment and acoustical comfort: Sound, CO1 1

Nature of sound- Behavior of sound in enclosed spaces
1.2 Concept of Geometric Acoustics-Reflection of sound and their CO1 1
applications- Absorption of sound-Sound absorption coefficient-
Human Audibility range-Reverberation & Reverberation Time
1.3 CO1 2
Calculation- Flanking paths. Sound absorption-materials and
fixings. Reverberation-Sabine’s formula-Eyrings modification.
Basic design of the elements for the required degree of sound
1.4 CO1 1
insulation- Air and structure born noises-equivalent noise
levels-
day and night equivalent
Acoustics, applications: Measures of noise control- Source-path
1.5 CO1 1
and receiving end. TL value and computation of TL value,
Acoustical defects-
Acoustical design of auditoriums and small lecture halls.
1.6 Acoustical considerations of offices, hospitals and Industrial CO1 2
buildings.
Module II (6 Hours)

2.1 Natural lighting: Visual task requirements, Units of Light, Light, CO2 1
Vision and Buildings
Standards of Lighting and Visual comfort-The sky as a source of
2.2 CO2 1
light, Daylight factor, Daylight penetration-Calculation of
daylight
factor.
2.3 Design of side-lit windows-BIS and CBRI methods-skylights CO2 1

2.4 Artificial lighting: Artificial lighting- illumination requirements- CO2 1

lux meter – lamps and luminaries – polar distribution curves
Color temperature and color rendering index- glare - Design of
2.5 artificial lighting – lumen method – point by point method. Basic CO2 2
idea of street lighting and outside lighting
Module III (8Hours)
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3.1 Thermal comfort: Factors affecting thermal comfort- effective CO3 1

temperature
3.2 Thermal comfort indices-ET-CET Charts- Bioclimatic chart- CO3 1
Psychrometry and Psycrometric chart.
3.3 Earth-Sun relationship: Sun’s apparent movement with respect CO3 1
to the earth. Solar angles
3.4 Computation of solar radiation on different surfaces-solar path CO3 1
diagram-shadow-throw concept and design of shading devices
Thermal design of buildings: Thermo physical properties of
3.5 building materials and thermal control- Passive andactive CO3 1
building design- Steady and periodic heat flow through building
envelope.
3.6 Design approaches: Climate conscious designs- Climatic zones CO3 2
inIndia-orientationandshapeofbuildingsindifferentclimatic
zones
3.7 Passive solar-Active solar and Active approaches. Requirements CO3 1
of buildings in tropical areas-Thermal insulation
Module IV (7 Hours)

4.1 Functional elements: Concept for electrical load calculation of CO4 1

structures
4.2 Basic criteria for plumbing design CO4 1

4.3 Basic concept of HVAC load calculation CO4 1

Functional protection: Causes of fire, Mechanism of fire spread

4.4 in buildings, classification of fire-High temperature effects and CO4 2
combustibility of building materials and structure- Fire alarm
system, and means of escape. Firefighting installations
Basic concept of functioning of elevators and escalators and
4.5 CO4 2
basic cost estimation ofservices.

Module V (6Hours)

5.1 Functionality as per Vastusastra: Basic concepts- Governing CO5 1

criteria of functionality - Energy pattern
5.2 Understand traditional techniques in Tropical climate with CO5 2
vernacular buildings in Kerala as case study
5.3 Innovative concepts of functionality: Concept of green building- CO5 2
case studies on low energy and green buildings-
Concepts of Intelligent building- Thirsty concrete- Blue roads-
5.4 CO5 1
self healing concrete
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MODEL QUESTION PAPER

Reg. No.:_______________ Name:__________________________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

SIXTH SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH & YEAR

Course Code: CET372

Course Name: FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF BUILDINGS

Max.Marks: 100 Duration: 3hours

Part A
(Answer all questions; each question carries 3 marks)

1. Write briefly about the audibility range of human beings. (3 Marks)

2. Discuss any three common acoustical defects seen in an auditorium. (3 Marks)
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of sky lighting? (3 Marks)
4. Briefly describe polar distribution curves (3 Marks)
5. What are the thermal insulating materials used to maintain comfortable conditions inside a
building? (3 Marks)
6. What do you understand by the following (i) Solar Constant (ii) Solar Azimuth
(iii) Solar Altitude (3 Marks)

7. Write short note on "Handling capacity of Lifts” (3 Marks)

8. Briefly describe firefighting installations (3 Marks)
9. Describe self healing concrete. (3 Marks)

10. List out the advantages of self healing concrete. (3 Marks)

PART B
(Answer one full question from each module, each question carries 14 marks)

Module – 1
11. (a) TL value of a 16m2 solid wall is 45 dB. If a hole of 2 cm2 is drilled through it, find the reduction
in TL value? (10 Marks)
(b) Discuss how the TL value of a separating wall varies with its mass. (4 Marks)
12. (a) Explain how sound intensity varies with distance from a point source
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I. In free field
II. In a reverberant field (8 Marks)

(b) What you mean by Acoustical Day Time and Acoustical Night Time. Explain the concepts of
Leqand Ldn? (6Marks)

Module – 2

13. (a) Explain the procedure of design of Artificial lighting by Lumen Method. (7 Marks)
(b) A point source of light has an intensity 2000 candela in the vertically downward direction. The
intensity reduces with the angle and reaches 1000 cd at the horizontal direction (90degrees with
vertical). If the source is mounted 4m above the working plane, find the illumination due to this
light source at points (i) directly under the lamp (ii) at 3m away in the same plane.
(7 Marks)

14. (a) Define the different components of daylight factor? (6 Marks)

(b) What do you understand by the concepts Passive solar design, Active solar design and active
design? (8 Marks)
Module – 3
15. (a) Explain the considerations to be made in achieving thermal comfort in hot & dry and Warm
and humid regions? (7 Marks)
(b) Explain the concept of shadow angles and shadow throws. How shadow throws are used in the
design of shading devices? (7 Marks)

16. (a) Explain the concept of comfort zone based on Bio-climatic chart (7 Marks)
(b) What is Psychrometry? What are the usual input parameters to a Psychrometric chart? What
are the various informations we get from a Psychrometric chart? (7 Marks)

Module – 4
17. Explain the features, operation arrangements, location and types of Elevators in public buildings.
(14 Marks)
18. Explain the high temperature effects and combustibility of building materials and structures
(14Marks)
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Module – 5
19. (a) Explain the concepts of green building. (7 Marks)
(b) Describe LEED and GRIHA ratings for the evaluation of green buildings. (7 Marks)

20. Describe the modern construction materials and its merits (14 Marks)