1.

2 Principles of Guidance:

1. Guidance is a lifelong Process-

2. Guidance is a Process-

3. Guidance is for the total development of personality-

4. Guidance Must be a Co-operative Efforts-

5. Guidance is a slow process-

6. Giving importance to Individual Differences-

7. Guidance service is for Everyone-

8. Guidance should be Imparted by Trained Persone-

9.There is flexibility in guidance.

10.Guidance is an organized activity.

11.Guidance is an interpersonal activity.

1.3 Procedure of Guidance- Steps.

1. Educational Guidance at the Pre-primary / Pre-school Stage-

2. Educational Guidance at Elementary or Primary Stage of Education-

3. Educational Guidance at the Secondary school stage-

4. . Educational Guidance at the Higher or University & College stage-

1.4 Roll of School in Guidance:

Following are the role of school in guidance:

1) To develop in students an awareness of opportunities in the personal, social

opportunities and vocational areas by providing them with appropriate, useful
information.

2) To help students develop the skills of self study, self-analysis and sell
understanding.

3) To help all students in making appropriate and satisfactory personal, social

educational choices.

4) To help students develop positive attitudes to self, to others, to appropriate

national issues, to work and to learning.
5) To help students acquire the skills of collecting and using information.

6) To help students who are under achieving use, their potentials to the
maximum.

7) To help children relate behavior meaningfully to cognitive achievement and

the
chances of success in life.

8) To help students to acquire as early as possible in their lives a positive

image of self through self understanding and self direction.

9) To assist students in the process of developing and acquiring skills in

problem solve
and decision making.
10) To help build up/or sharpen the child's perception of reality, development
of a sense of autonomy and to whip up the motivation for creativity and
productivity.

11) To help route the nations human resources into appropriate useful and
beneficial channels thus preventing unnecessary economic bottlenecks
1.5 Areas of Guidance :

A)
• Personal Guidance

B)
• Educational Guidance

C)
• Vocational Guidance

A) Personal Guidance :

Meaning:-

Personal guidance is that which is rendered to person for solving his personal problems.

Examples :- Physical Development, Emotional Interjections, Family life,

Religion, Values, Ideals, Economic problems, Social relations, etc.
Definitions:

Following are the definitions of personal guidance:

1) Hopkins:
"Personal guidance is that guidance which is concerned with the problems of health,
emotional adjustments and social adjustment of an individual. It also includes his
recreation and leisure-time problems."

2) Wilson:
"The purpose of personal guidance is to help the individual in his physical, emotional,
social, moral and spiritual developments and adjustment.“

3) Ruth Strang:

"Personal guidance is the assistance given to an individual to solve his personal

problems, such as emotional and social adjustment, economic and social relationship
and problems connected with his physical as well as mental health.“
4) Crow and Crow:

"Personal Guidance refers to help given an individual toward a better

adjustment in the development of attitudes and behaviour in all areas of life."
* Need of Guidance in Personal Areas:

1. Difficulty in Subject Understanding-

2. Problems related with selt-concept-

3. Financial problems-

4.Problems of Accommodation-

5.Self Recognition-

6. Social Adjustment-

7.Problems & Aspirations of Girls

8. Changes in family Structure-

9. Solving for Uneven Adjustment-

The Aims and Objectives of Personal Guidance:

The aims and objectives of personal guidance are:

1) To assist the individual in understanding himself/herself.

2) To assist the individual involving the personal problems.

3) To assist the individual in taking independent decisions and judgement.

4) To assist the individual to view the world and the social environment in right
perspective.

5) To assist the individual in making sound adjustments to different problems

confronted in life.
* Functions of Personal Guidance:

1. Pre- Primary Stage-

2. Elementary Stage-

3. Secondary Stage-

4.College and University Stage

* Steps in Personal Guidance Area:

1. Collection of all the Information or Data-

2. Diagnosis of the Causes of the Problems-

3. Thinking about the Remedial Measures-

4. Rendering Personal Guidance-

5. Follow-up Service-
B) Educational Guidance:

Meaning-

Educational guidance has secured an important place in the field of guidance

meant for the students. It is not a recent attempt by the modern guidance workers.

It is concerned with every aspect of education especially meant for the students.

It is an intellectual attempt which is concerned mainly with different problem

relating to choose suitable courses for students, to complete it smoothly, to

prepare students for future vocations etc.

* Definitions:

1. Ruth Strang:-

"Educational guidance is intended to aid the individual in choosing an appropriate

programme and in making progress in it.“

2. Brewer:

"Educational guidance is concerned strictly with the pupil's success in his educational
career".

3. Jones:

"Educational guidance is concerned with assistance given to pupils in their

choices and adjustments with relation to schools, curriculums, courses and school life."
* Need of Educational Guidance:

1. Choice of Subjects-

2. To prevent dropout and suspension of students-

3. To Curb Indiscipline-

4. Selection of appropriate elective courses-

5. To adjust to new school or colleges-

6. Changes in curriculum, Evaluation and teaching methods-

7. To recognize various opportunities in education-

Aims and Objectives of Educational Guidance:
Some of the aims and objectives of educational guidance are as below:

1) To assist the pupil to understand him/herself i.e. to understand his/her potentialities,

strength and limitations

2) To help the child make educational plans consist with his/her abilities, interests and goals.

3) To enable the student to know detail about the subject and courses offered. 4) To assist the
student in making satisfactory progress in various school/ college subjects.

5) To help the child to adjust with the schools, its rules, regulations, social life connected
with it.

6) To help the child in developing good study habits.

7) To help the child to participate in out of class educational activities in which he can
develop leadership and other social qualities.
* Functions of Educational Guidance:

1. Elementary Stage-

2. Secondary Stage-

3. Higher Secondary Stage-

5. To recognize students abilities-

6. To realize varies abilities of students-

C) Vocational Guidance: A) Meaning:

Every young man requires advice as to what kind of work will be most suitable for him keeping in view
his abilities and aptitudes. When such an advice is given, it is known as vocational guidance. Vocational guidance
programmed may be a part of the selection process. A big concern may have vocational counselors to advise the
candidates to try somewhere else. Vocational guidance follows vocational selection. Vocational selection of
employees means recruitment of new
employees who have not been in industry previously.

Definitions:

The following are the few definitions of vocational guidance:

1) John D. Crites:

"Vocational guidance is a facilitative process, a service rendered to the individual to aid him in choosing and
adjusting to an occupation."

2) National Vocational Guidance Association:

"Vocational guidance is a process of assisting the individual to choose an occupation, prepare for it, enter up on and
progress on it".
* Aims and Objectives of Vocational Guidance:

1. Discovery-

2. Information-

3. Frame of reference-

4. Counseling-

5. Placement Service-

6. Follow-up-service-
* Need of Vocational Guidance:

1. Individuality-

2. Changing Circumstances-

3. Business and health relationship-

4.To harness human power-

5.To stop losses due to wrong business choices-

6.Business diversity-

7.Professional growth-

8.To bring stability in future life of students-

* Functions of vocational Guidance:

1.Elementary Stage-

2.Secondary Stage-

3. Higher Secondary Stage-