Geography Note Climate Condition of India For W.B.C.S General Combined Ugcnet Upsc Exam

CLIMATIC CONDITION OF INDIA
 Average temperature of India in summer varies between 26°C to 30°C

 Average temperature of India in winter varies between 12°C to 17°C
 Hottest month of: South India – March; Western and Central India – April; North-Western
India – May; Eastern India – June
 Coldest month of India January
 Wettest month of India July
 Average annual rainfall in India is 118cm
 India’s climate is tropical in nature and influenced by monsoonal wind
 Duration of monsoon is from 100 – 120 days
 Seasons of India:
Four Groups Six Groups Weather
Hot weather season (Mar – Ghrishma (May – Jun) High temperature,
May) Cloudy sky, Occasional
(Pre Monsoon) rain
Rainy Season (Jun – Sep) Varsha (July – Aug) Maximum rain, High
(South West Monsoon) Humidity, Overcast
Sky
Cool Season (Oct – Dec) Sharat (Sep – Hemanta (Nov – Clear sky, Occasional
(Retreating / NE Monsoon) Oct) Dec) rain
Cold weather (Jan – Feb) Shith (Jan – Feb) Vasanta (Mar – Foggy weather, Low
(Post Monsoon) Apr) temp.
 India receives maximum rainfall from Orographic type
 Maximum rainfall in India occurs from South–West monsoon
 Rainfall brought by the south-west monsoon decreases away from the sea
 Mango Showers occurs in Kerala / Tamil Nadu
 Cherry Rain and Coffee Rain occurs in Karnataka
 Tea rain Occurs in Assam
 Loo a dry and warm wind flow in summer over northern part of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and
Delhi
 Andhi a dust storm flows in afternoon of summer over Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and
Delhi
 Norwester flows over West Bengal, Assam, Bihar, Orissa in evening of summer
 In West Bengal Norwester is known as Kalboisakhi and in Assam it known as Bordoichila
 Elephanta a warm local wind that blows in Malabar coast of Kerala
 Normal arrival dates of Indian monsoon:
20th May – Great Nicobar; 1st June – Kerala; 5th June – Maharashtra and North Bengal; 8th
June – South Bengal;
29th June – Delhi; 15th July – entire India covered by South-West Monsoon.
Nabarun Jana
 Hottest, Coldest, Driest, Wettest places:
Category In World In India In West Bengal

Hottest Place Dasht-e Loot / Loot Desert Barwani (Rajasthan) Asansol (Burdwan)
(Iran)
Coldest Place Vostok (Antartica) Dras Valley (J&K) Sandakfu Peak
(Darjeeling)
Driest Place Atacama Desert (Chilie) Jaisalmer (Rajasthan) Mayureswar (Birbhum)
Wettest Place Mawsynram (India) Mawsynram Bauxa Duar
(Meghalaya) (Alipurduar)
 MONEX – An organization for Monsoon Experiment, Setup in 1979, Involving Nations: 144
Head Quarter – Geneva (Switzerland)
Head Quarter of Asia Pacific zone – Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)
Head Quarter of India – Mumbai
 Punjab plain and Coromondal plain receives rainfall twice in a year
 Punjab is the only place which receives rainfall from both Bay of Bengal and Arabian
branches of monsoon
 Shillong, Eastern slope of Western Ghat, Deccan Trap are example of rain-shadow area or lee
ward side
 Coromondal Plain receives rainfall in winter from North-East Monsoon / retreating monsoon
(Oct – Nov)
 Punjab receives rainfall in winter from Western Disturbances
 Conventional type of rainfall mainly occurs in equatorial region, this type of rainfall is also
known as 4 ‘o’ clock rainfall
 El-Nino is a warm ocean current flows through Peru coast of south-east pacific ocean
 La-Nina is a cold ocean current flows through Peru coast of south-east pacific ocean
Seasonal Rhythm of India:
 Cold Weather Season / Winter Season:

 It commence in early January and continues till end of February
 Clear sky, Pleasant weather, Low temperature, Low humidity, High range of temperature,
Cool and slow northern winds are chief characteristics of this season
 In this season average temperature of northern India remain less than 21°C and average
temperature of southern India remain more than 25°C
 Diurnal range of temperature is maximum (15°C) in western India during this season
 Due to western disturbance originated in the Mediterranean Sea rainfall occurs in Punjab,
Rajasthan and Haryana plain
 Wind blows from North-East to South-West direction in this season
 This season is also known as Retreating Monsoon period
Nabarun Jana
 Hot Weather Season / Summer Season:
 It commence in early March and continues till end of May
 High temperature and low humidity are main characteristics
 Diurnal range of temperature remain high (18°C) over Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh
 Northern and Central Part of India experiences heat waves in this season known as ‘loo’
 Norwester occur during this season (Mid March to Mid April)
 Norwester brings near about 50 cm rainfall in Assam and 20 cm rainfall in West Bengal
 This season is also known as Pre Monsoon period
 Wet Weather Season / Rainy Season:
 It commence in June and continues till middle of September
 High heat, High humidity, Extensive clouding are main characteristics of this season
 Maximum temperature observed 32°C in western India in this season
 Monsoon trough originated across Ganga Basin over Bay of Bengal
 India’s three fourths (75%) of total annual rainfall is received during this season
 Wind blows from south-west to north-east direction in this season
 This season is known as Monsoon Season
 Cool Season:
 It commence in end of September and continues till November
 Wind blows from north-east to south-west direction
 Coromondal plain of India receives rainfall due to retreating monsoon
 In this season average temperature remains 25°C – 30°C
 Amount of pressure remain 1010 mb – 1012 mb throughout the season
 Coastal areas received about 40% of their annual rainfall during thisseason
 This season is also known as Post Monsoon period
 Climatic Regions of India:
Region Code Temp. Rainfal Location Remarks

Koppe (°C) l
n (cm)
Humid wet Amw 25° (sum) >300 Wet coastal plain, High
tropical >18° (win) Andaman and Nicobar Temperature
Island
Tropical Savana Aw >20° 75 Peninsular India, Dry weather,
Eastern slope of High temp. dry
Western ghat winter
Monsoon type As 25° - 28° 75 - 100 Tamil Nadu, Andhra Wet winter, Dry
with dry season Pradesh summer
Tropical semi Bshw 20° - 30° 12 - 25 Maharashtra, Low rainfall,
arid steppe Karnataka, Southern High temp., Dry
Tamil Nadu winter
Nabarun Jana
Hot desert type Bwhw 30° - 35° <12 Punjab, Gujarat, No vegetation
Rajasthan
Monsoon type Cwg 40°C (sum) 200 - UP, WB, MP, Bihar, Wet summer
27°C (win) 250 Tripura, Assam, Dry winter
Jharkhand
Cold humid Dfc 10° - 15° 100 - ArP, Sikkim, Short wet
winter 150 Meghalaya summer
Tundra Et 10° 90 - 150 Uttarakhand Snowfall in
winter
Polar E <10° 50 - 75 J&K, Himachal Pradesh Snow Cover
Nabarun Jana

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Geography Note Climate Condition of India For W.B.C.S General Combined Ugcnet Upsc Exam

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CLIMATIC CONDITION OF INDIA

 Average temperature of India in summer varies between 26°C to 30°C

Category In World In India In West Bengal

Seasonal Rhythm of India:

 Cold Weather Season / Winter Season:

 Climatic Regions of India:

Region Code Temp. Rainfal Location Remarks

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