Rice Blast (Magnaporthe Oryzae) - Compressed

Rice Blast
(Magnaporthe oryzae)
Faculty details SUBMITTED BY
DR. SUTHINDHIRAN K
DESIGNATION: ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR GRADE 1 KAMALIKA MANNA
SCHOOL OF BIO SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY REG. NO: 23MSM0085
DEPARTMENT: BIO-MEDICAL SCIENCES
M.SC APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
WINTER SEMESTER 2023-24
What is Phytopathogen ?
A phytopathogen is a type of
microorganism, such as a fungus,
bacterium, or virus, that causes
diseases in plants, leading to reduced
crop yields and economic losses for
farmers.
Phytopathogens can cause various
symptoms in plants, including wilting,
discoloration, stunted growth, and even
death.
Phytopathogen:Magnaporthe oryzae
Rice blast disease, caused by a fungus, poses a significant

threat to global food security as it can lead to crop failure,
impacting millions of people who rely on rice as a staple food.
DISEASE: Rice Blast

PATHOGEN: Magnaporthe oryzae (anamorph: Pyricularia
oryzae)
HOSTS: Rice (Oryza sativa)
HISTORY OF RICE BLAST DIASEASE
1. Early Reports: Initially termed "rice fever” was first documented in China in 1637 by
Soong Ying-shin and later reported in Japan in 1704 as Imochi-byo.
2. Global Spread: It has spread to approximately 85 countries worldwide. In India, it
was first recorded in 1913.
3. Epidemic in India: The disease caused a devastating epidemic in the Tanjore delta
of Madras state (now Tamil Nadu) in 1919
4. Historical Control Efforts: Introducing semi-dwarf high-yielding rice varieties in the
1960s reduced the incidence of blast disease in India. However, severe epidemics
still occurred in various states between 1980 and 1987, resulting in substantial
financial losses.
Symptoms of Rice Blast Disease
Rice blast disease manifests through lesions on
various plant parts, including leaves, leaf collars,
necks, panicles, pedicels, and seeds.
1. Leaf Blast: Eye, boat or spindle shaped lesions
on leaves. They start as gray-green water-soaked A. Leaf blast
B. Neck Blast
areas with darker borders and later turn into C. Collar Blast
necrotic borders on older lesions.
Resistant cultivars show smaller brown lesions.
Leaf blast
2. Collar and Neck Blast:
Collar infections lead to necrosis at the of

the leaf and the stem sheath junction
potentially extending into the sheath. Collar Blast
Neck infections cause "rotten neck" or "neck

blast," affecting seed filling and panicle
stability. Neck Blast
3. Panicle and Seed Blast:
Panicle lesions are gray-brown

discolorations, leading to branch
breakage.
Seed symptoms include blanking due to Infected Panicle
infected pedicels and brown spots or

blotches, with occasional diamond-
shaped lesions resembling leaf lesions.
Infected Seeds
Mechanism of Magnaporthe oryzae
1. Recognition and Adhesion: The spores of Magnaporthe oryzae land on the rice
leaf surface and recognize specific chemical signals emitted by the plant.
2. Appressorium Formation: Upon recognition, the fungus forms specialized
infection structures called appressoria at the tips of germ tubes. These appressoria
generate enormous turgor pressure, allowing them to penetrate the plant's cuticle
and cell wall.
3. Penetration and Invasion: The appressoria exert mechanical pressure to breach
the outer layers of the rice plant, gaining entry into the plant tissue. Once inside, the
fungus proliferates and spreads throughout the plant.
Mechanism of Magnaporthe oryzae
4. Colonization and Nutrient Acquisition:

Magnaporthe oryzae colonizes the host tissues,
utilizing various enzymes and toxins to break down
plant cell walls and acquire nutrients for its growth
and reproduction.
5. Spore Production: As the infection progresses,
the fungus produces asexual spores (conidia) within
lesions on the rice leaves. These spores are then
dispersed by wind, water, or other means, initiating
new infection cycles.
CONTROL OF RICE BLAST
DISEASE BY Magnaporthe oryzae
Controlling rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae requires an
integrated approach combining cultural, chemical, biological, and genetic
strategies.
Cultural Practices Host Resistance

Use Resistant Varieties
Crop Rotation 1. Pusa Basmati 1847
Proper Field Management 2. CO 47
Timely Planting 3. Royalbhog
4. Maratelli
Residue Management
CONTROL OF RICE BLAST
DISEASE BY Magnaporthe oryzae
Chemical Control OTHERS
Fungicides: azoxystrobin, Biological Control

tricyclazole, or propiconazole Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Field Monitoring and Disease
Forecasting
REFERENCE
Tan, J., Zhao, H., Li, J., Gong, Y., & Li, X. (2023). The Devastating Rice Blast Airborne
Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae—A Review on Genes Studied with Mutant Analysis.
Pathogens, 12(3), 379. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030379
Park, J.-Y., Jin, J., Lee, Y.-W., Kang, S., & Lee, Y.-H. (2009). Rice Blast Fungus
(Magnaporthe oryzae) Infects Arabidopsis via a Mechanism Distinct from That Required
for the Infection of Rice. Plant Physiology, 149(1), 474–486.
https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.129536
Tan, J., Zhao, H., Li, J., Gong, Y., & Li, X. (2023). The Devastating Rice Blast Airborne
Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae—A Review on Genes Studied with Mutant Analysis.
Pathogens, 12(3), 379. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030379
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Rice Blast

Rice blast disease, caused by a fungus, poses a significant

DISEASE: Rice Blast

Collar infections lead to necrosis at the of

Neck infections cause "rotten neck" or "neck

Panicle lesions are gray-brown

infected pedicels and brown spots or

4. Colonization and Nutrient Acquisition:

Cultural Practices Host Resistance

Chemical Control OTHERS

Fungicides: azoxystrobin, Biological Control

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