BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION RAJASTHAN, JODHPUR

VIDYA BHAWAN POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, UDAIPUR

Department Of Electrical Engineering.

2019-20
A PROJECT REPORT ON
“AUTOMATIC ROOM TEMPERATURE CONTROL
SYSTEM”
Submitted By:-
Deepesh Kumawat
Harshit Mali
Suraj Sharma
Yash Sharma
Vishal Lohar
Bhupendra Singh Devra
Kamlesh Prajapat
 CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Components
• Construction
• Methodology
• Circuit Diagram
• Limitation
• Applications
• Conclusion
• References
 INTRODUCTION
PROBLEM STATEMENT

• Todays world is affected by a phenomenon of global warming due

to which the temperature is rising which makes the human lives
uneasy.
• Thus, there is a prevalent use of a Air Conditioners in homes thus
there is a huge requirement of power.
• In this project work, we are going to control the temperature of
multiple rooms using Air-Conditioners by sharing the temperature
among them. This will also save electric power.
 TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM

• Temperature: This is the degree of hotness or coldness of a

body or an environment.

• Control System: A control system is a device or set of devices

that manage, command, direct or regulate the behavior of other
devices or systems.
• Thus we can literally say that a Temperature Control System is a
device or set of devices that manage, command, direct or regulate
the behavior of other devices or systems in order to influence the
degree of hotness or coldness of a body or an environment.
 WE NEED A TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM

• The 21stCentury was greeted with very unpredictable and un

favorable temperature conditions.
• The Green House effect has left our world exposed and this
resulted in a lot of uncertainties in our weather conditions and
climate generally.
• There has been a growing need for the temperature of certain
areas to be kept within a certain range.
• This has necessitated the need for Temperature Control Systems.
 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

• The main objective of this project is to design a Temperature

Control System that helps to optimize Costs of production and
living both in the homes and industries.
• It also serves to eliminate hazards that result from the
accidental neglect of heating and cooling appliances in the
homes and industries, even when they are not needed.
• To achieve this, a highly sensitive Temperature sensor
detects the current temperature and feeds it as input to the
Micro-controller .
• The Micro-controller then initiates sequence of control
procedures based on the configuration of the control program
it contains.
 COMPONENTS
• MICROCONTROLLER (ATMEGA 16)
• POWER SUPPLY UNIT
• RELAY DRIVER CIRCUIT
• TRANSFORMER
• RECTIFIER
• FILTRATION
• FAN
• TEMPERATURE SENSOR
• IR Tx and IR Rx
• LCD
• SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

All stages in the system require a +12volts DC supply except for

the microcontroller and the sensor ICs which require a +5volts
supply. Hence, a stabilized DC voltage is required for the
microcontroller and the sensor Ics. The method used is to create
a linear power supply which includes a 12v step-down
transformer, a bridge rectifier, filter capacitor, and a 5volts
voltage regulator of positive output kind.

TRANSFORMER

Transformers convert AC electricity from one voltage to another

with little power losses. Step-up Transformers increase voltage,
while step-down transformers reduce voltage.
 TRANSFORMER

• RECTIFIER

• Rectifiers convert AC to DC. There are several ways of

connecting diodes to make rectifiers that convert AC to DC.
• The bridge rectifier is the most important and it produces a
full-wave varying DC.
 BRIDGE RECTIFIRE

• MICROCONTROLLER
Microcontrollers are embedded inside devices
to control the actions and features of a product.
Hence, they can also be referred to as
embedded controllers. They run one specific
program and are dedicated to a single task.
They are low power devices with dedicated
input devices and small LED or LCD display
outputs.
MICROCONTROLLER
 OUTPUT/DISPLAY UNIT

The display unit is made of a 16x1 Liquid Crystal Display

(LCD). This is used to display the reading of the NTC
THERMISTOR Temperature Sensor device as it changes in
response to the current environmental temperature.

LCD
 Temperature Sensor(LM35)

Working Principle-

• It has linear relationship

between output voltage &
Celsius temperature scale.
• It gives an output voltage that is
Proportional to the Celsius
[LM35] SENSOR
temperature.
• Scale factor is 10mv/ degree C.
 IR Transmitter & Receiver

• IR LED is used as a source of infrared rays.

It comes in two packages 3mm or 5mm.
3mm is better as it is requires less space.
• IR sensor is nothing but a photodiode, which
is sensitive for infrared radiation.
• This infrared transmitter and
receiver is called as IR TX-RX pair.
 CONSTRUCTION
•The following tools and materials were used during the
construction of this project:
• Vero-Board: The circuits were built on this board. It requires
soldering and it has high connectivity which does not allow or
enable two or more circuits to be placed onboard.
• Connecting cables: These connectors are used to connect the
various components together in the circuit.
CONTINUE :

• Pliers and wire strippers: These were used to cut the

cables and remove their outer covering to prepare them for
soldering and easy connection on the Vero-board.
• Soldering iron and lead: These were used to connect the
cables together and to connect components to the copper
layer of the Vero-board.
• Multi-meter: This was used to test values of the
components used to ensure that certain components were
working efficiently and to test continuity in cables and
components.
 METHODOLOGY
• The circuit present the design, construction, development and control of
automatic switching electric fan and also automatic control of temperature of
heater. The idea is based on the problem occurs in human’s life now-a-days
by improving the existing technology.

• The microcontroller (8051) based automatic fan system is applied to

upgrade the functionality to embed automation feature. The electric fan will
automatically switch on according to the environmental temperature change.
The circuit is using a microcontroller to control the fan according to the
temperature variations. The system measure the temperature from the
integrated circuit, where it will control the fan according to the setting values
in the programming.

• Also the temperature of the system is measured using sensor. This value is
provided to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then provide the signal
increase or decrease the input voltage given to the heater coil such that the
temperature of the heater can be maintained within the required range.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
PROJECT CHANNEL
PROJECT BLOCK DIAGRAM
 LIMITATION
•The limitations encountered in this project are listed below:

• This system is microcontroller based and therefore must be

handling with care to prevent shifting of the microcontroller.

• Forgetting to activate the system while going out will be a

great risk.

• System may be useless if power back-up is not provided in

form of batteries, generators or inverters.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
• AVR STUDIO 4
• LANGUAGE SEMBEDDED C
 EMBEDDED C LANGUAGE
• It is easier and less time consu ming to write in C than
Assembly.
• C is easier to modify and update.
• We can use code available in function libraries.
• C code is portable to other micro controller with little of no
modification.
• Compilers produce hex files that is downloaded to ROM of
microcontroller.
• C programming is less time consuming, but has larger hex file
size.
 IMPORTANCE

• Economic Importance – Temperature Control Systems are economically

important as they have the duty of ensuring that the energy supply reaching the
house/office/industry is economized and managed as much as possible. This it
achieves by making sure that the heating and cooling units are only functioning
when they are needed. The Control System further ensures that the energy bills
that would be paid by the company or individual are “efficient”, because the bill
would only cover energy that was efficiently utilized.

• Safety Objective – Temperature Control Systems have saved the day in many
places where they are being used. Electrical Fires have been minimized because
these Control Systems turn off heating and cooling units when they are not
necessarily in use, thus preserving lives and property.

• Wastage of Resources Prevention – In Homes and Industries alike, much wastage

of useful resources have been prevented as a result of the use of Temperature
Control Systems. These Systems efficiently manage the temperature of storage
areas, thus keeping stored items at temperatures that extend their value period.
 APPLICATIONS
• Industrial Automation.

• Home Automation.

• Electric power can be saved using this project.

 CONCLUSION
• This project will solve the day-to-day problem where AC’s do
not start up due to low voltage , generally in rural areas .

• This will start the AC depending upon the temperature label in

a room by sharing the load .

• Also this project can be extended for controlling

thetemperature in more rooms in an apartment in future..
 REFERENCES
1. “Industrial instrumentation” by S.K Singh.
2. “Measurement and instrumentation and its applications” by
E.D doublin .
3. “Measurement and instrumentation” by A.K sahani.
4. http://www.atmel.com
5. http://www.alldatasheet.com
6. C.Sujana,A.P.Ramesh,P.G reddy, “Automatic detection of
human and Energy saving based on Zigbee
Communication”, International Journal on Computer Science
and Engineering (IJCSE) ISSN :