986 Chapter 13 / Partial Derivatives

9–20 Locate all relative maxima, relative minima, and saddle (b) Classify all critical points of f as relative maxima,
points, if any. ■ relative minima, or saddle points.
9. f(x, y) = y 2 + xy + 3y + 2x + 3 29. Recall from Theorem 4.4.4 that if a continuous function
10. f(x, y) = x + xy − 2y − 2x + 1
2 of one variable has exactly one relative extremum on
an interval, then that relative extremum is an absolute
11. f(x, y) = x 2 + xy + y 2 − 3x
extremum on the interval. This exercise shows that this
2
12. f(x, y) = xy − x 3 − y 2 13. f(x, y) = x 2 + y 2 + result does not extend to functions of two variables.
xy (a) Show that f(x, y) = 3xey − x 3 − e3y has only one
14. f(x, y) = xey 15. f(x, y) = x 2 + y − ey critical point and that a relative maximum occurs
2 4 there. (See the accompanying figure.)
16. f(x, y) = xy + + 17. f(x, y) = ex sin y
x y (b) Show that f does not have an absolute maximum.
19. f(x, y) = e−(x +y +2x)
2 2
18. f(x, y) = y sin x Source: This exercise is based on the article “The Only Critical Point in
Town Test” by Ira Rosenholtz and Lowell Smylie, Mathematics Magazine,
a3 b3
20. f(x, y) = xy + + (a
= 0, b
= 0) Vol. 58, No. 3, May 1985, pp. 149–150.
x y z
C 21. Use a CAS to generate a contour plot of
f(x, y) = 2x 2 − 4xy + y 4 + 2
for −2 ≤ x ≤ 2 and −2 ≤ y ≤ 2, and use the plot to ap-
proximate the locations of all relative extrema and saddle
points in the region. Check your answer using calculus, and
identify the relative extrema as relative maxima or minima.
y
C 22. Use a CAS to generate a contour plot of x
f(x, y) = 2y 2 x − yx 2 + 4xy
for −5 ≤ x ≤ 5 and −5 ≤ y ≤ 5, and use the plot to ap-
proximate the locations of all relative extrema and saddle z = 3xe y − x3 − e 3y
Figure Ex-29
points in the region. Check your answer using calculus, and
identify the relative extrema as relative maxima or minima. 30. If f is a continuous function of one variable with two
relative maxima on an interval, then there must be a
23–26 True–False Determine whether the statement is true relative minimum between the relative maxima. (Con-
or false. Explain your answer. In these exercises, assume that vince yourself of this by drawing some pictures.) The
f(x, y) has continuous second-order partial derivatives and that purpose of this exercise is to show that this result does
D(x, y) = fxx (x, y)fyy (x, y) − fxy
2
(x, y) ■ not extend to functions of two variables. Show that
f(x, y) = 4x 2 ey − 2x 4 − e4y has two relative maxima
23. If the function f is defined on the disk x 2 + y 2 ≤ 1, then f
but no other critical points (see Figure Ex-30).
has a critical point somewhere on this disk.
Source: This exercise is based on the problem “Two Mountains Without
24. If the function f is defined on the disk x 2 + y 2 ≤ 1, and if
a Valley” proposed and solved by Ira Rosenholtz, Mathematics Magazine,
f is not a constant function, then f has a finite number of Vol. 60, No. 1, February 1987, p. 48.
critical points on this disk.
z
25. If P (x0 , y0 ) is a critical point of f , and if f is defined on a
disk centered at P with D(x0 , y0 ) > 0, then f has a relative
extremum at P .
26. If P (x0 , y0 ) is a critical point of f with f(x0 , y0 ) = 0, and
if f is defined on a disk centered at P with D(x0 , y0 ) < 0, y
then f has both positive and negative values on this disk. x

F O C U S O N C O N C E P TS

27. (a) Show that the second partials test provides no in-
formation about the critical points of the function z = 4x2e y − 2x 4 − e 4y
f(x, y) = x 4 + y 4 . Figure Ex-30
(b) Classify all critical points of f as relative maxima,
relative minima, or saddle points. 31–36 Find the absolute extrema of the given function on the
28. (a) Show that the second partials test provides no in- indicated closed and bounded set R. ■
formation about the critical points of the function 31. f(x, y) = xy − x − 3y; R is the triangular region with
f(x, y) = x 4 − y 4 . vertices (0, 0), (0, 4), and (5, 0).