Code: 20A54404 R20

B.Tech II Year II Semester (R20) Regular Examinations August/September 2022

DETERMINISTIC & STOCHASTIC STATISTICAL METHODS
(Common to IT, CSE, CSE (AI), CSE (AI&ML) and AI&DS)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
PART – A
(Compulsory Question)
*****
1 Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks)
(a) Define covariance and give suitable example. 2M
(b) Describe the Gram Schmidt process. 2M
(c) Define the random variable with example. 2M
(d) Discuss the Weibull distribution with suitable example. 2M
(e) Explain the transition probability matrix in a simple manner. 2M
(f) Briefly discus the first and higher order Markov process 2M
(g) Define moment generating function. 2M
(h) Discuss briefly Kullback-Leibler deviance. 2M
(i) Write an example for unconstrained optimization technique. 2M
(j) Define linear classification. 2M

PART – B
(Answer all the questions: 05 X 10 = 50 Marks)

2 Given B = {u1, u2, u3} where u1 = (1, 2, 1), u2 = (1, 1, 3) and u3 = (2, 1, 1), use the 10M
Gram-Schmidt procedure to Obtain a corresponding orthonormal B.
OR
0 −2 
3 Obtain the singular value decomposition (SVD) of A, U ∑ V T , where A =
 . 10M
1 5 

4 In a given city, 6% of all drivers get at least one parking ticket per year. Use the Poisson 10M
approximation to the binomial distribution to determine the probabilities that among 80 drivers:
(i) 4 will get at least one parking ticket in any given year. (ii) At least 3 will get at least one
parking ticket in any given year. (iii) Anywhere from 3 to 6, inclusive, will get at least one parking
ticket in any given year.
OR
5 Suppose X is a uniform random variable in the interval (-3, 3) and 𝑌𝑌 = 𝑋𝑋 2 . Obtain the cumulative 10M
distribution function of the random variable Y. Also calculate the mean and variance of the
random variable X.

3 1
0
4 4
⎛1 1 1⎞
6 The transition probability matrix of a Markov chain with states 0, 1, 2 is P = ⎜4 2 4⎟
and the 10M
3 1
0
⎝ 4 4⎠
1
initial state distribution of the chain is P(X 0 =i) i) = , i = 0, 1, 2.
3
Obtain: (i) P(X 2 = 2). (ii) P(X 2 = 2, X1 = 1, X 0 = 2).
OR
Contd. in page 2

Page 1 of 2
Code: 20A54404 R20

7 A market research team has conducted a survey of customer buying habits with respect to three 10M
brands of talcum power in an area. It estimates at present, 20% of the customers buy brand A,
50% of the customers buy brand B and 30% of the customers buy brand C. In addition, the
team has analyzed its survey and has determined the following brand switching matrix.
Brand Next Bought A B C
Brand Just Bought
A 0.6 0.3 0.1
B 0.4 0.5 0.1
C 0.2 0.1 0.7
Determine the expected distribution of consumers two time periods later.

8 Let X, Y, Z denote 3 jointly distributed RVs with joint density function then: 10M
12
(x 2 + yz); 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1, 0 ≤ z ≤ 1
f(x, y, z) = �7
0; otherwise
Determine the conditional expectation of U = X2 + Y + Z given X = x, Y = y.
OR
9 Suppose that a rectangle is constructed by first choosing its length, X and then choosing its 10M
width Y. Its length X is selected form an exponential distribution with mean = 1/𝜆𝜆 = 5. Once the
1
length has been chosen its width, Y, is selected from a uniform distribution from 0 to its length.
2
Find the mean and variance of the area of the rectangle A = XY.

10 Solve a nonlinear programming problem by Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions maximize 10M

f(x, y) = xy subject to x2 + y2 ≤ 2, x, y ≥ 0.
OR
11 Determine the slope and intercept and graph the linear inequalities: 10M
(i) 5x + 2y > -6.
(ii) 8x – 5y ≥ 5.

*****

Page 2 of 2
Code: 20A54404 R20
B.Tech II Year II Semester (R20) Supplementary Examinations February 2023
DETERMINISTIC & STOCHASTIC STATISTICAL METHODS
(Common to IT, CSE, CSE (AI), CSE (AI&ML) and AI&DS)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
PART – A
(Compulsory Question)
*****
1 Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks)
(a) Define covariance and give suitable example. 2M
(b) Describe the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). 2M
(c) Define the continuous random variable with example. 2M
(d) Discuss the Poisson distribution with suitable example. 2M
(e) Explain the Markov Process in a simple manner. 2M
(f) Briefly discus the steady state condition in Markov chain. 2M
(g) If r12 = r13 = r23 = r, -1 < r < +1, then write the formula for r12.3. 2M
(h) What is meant joint entropy? 2M
(i) Write any one condition for Kuhn–Tucker condition. 2M
(j) Discuss the use of Gradient Descent optimization algorithm. 2M

PART – B
(Answer all the questions: 05 X 10 = 50 Marks)

2 The following data shows the relationship between the number of hours that 10 persons studied 10M
for a French test and their scores on the test.
Hours Studied ( x ) 4 9 10 14 4 7 12 22 1 17
Test Score (y ) 31 58 65 73 37 44 60 91 21 64
Obtain the equation of the least squares line that approximates the regression of the test scores
on the number of hours studied. Also predict the average test score of a person who studied
14 hours for the test.
OR
3 2 2 
Obtain the singular value decomposition (SVD) of A, U  V , where A = 
T
3 . 10M
 2 3 −2

4 The probability density function of the random variable X is given by: 10M
𝑐
, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 < 4
√𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = { 0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 .

Determine: (i) The value of c. (ii) P(X<1) and (iii) 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 1).
OR
5 Suppose that during periods of transcendental meditation the reduction of a person’s oxygen 10M
consumption with mean = 37.6 CC/min and SD = 4.6 CC/min. Determine the probabilities that
during a period of transcendental meditation a person’s oxygen consumption will be reduced by:
(i) At least 44.5 CC/min. (ii) At most 35.0 CC/min. (ii) Anywhere from 30.0 to 40.0 CC/min.

Contd. in page 2

Page 1 of 2
Code: 20A54404 R20

6 Consider a bike share problem with only 3 stations: A, B, C. Suppose that all bikes must be 10M
returned to the station at the end of the day, so that all the bikes are at some station. Each day,
the distribution of bikes at each station changes, as the bikes get returned to different stations
from where they are borrowed. Of the bikes borrowed from station A, 30% are returned to
station A, 50% end up at station B, and 20% end up at station C. Of the bikes borrowed from
station B, 10% end up at station A, 60% of have been returned to of the bikes borrowed from
station C, 10% end up at station A, 10% end up at station B, and 80% are returned to station C.
(i) Express this information as a transition probability matrix and determine the probabilities of
bike being at a particular station after two days.
(ii) Suppose when we start observing the bike share program, 30% of the bikes are at station A,
45% of the bikes are at station B and 25% are at station C, determine the distribution of bikes at
the end of the next day and after two days.
OR
7 Three children (denoted by 1, 2, 3) arranged in a circle play a game of throwing a ball to one 10M
another. At each stage the child having the ball is equally likely to throw it into any one of the
other two children. Suppose that X 0 denote the child who had the ball initially and X n (n  1)
denotes the child who had the ball after n throws. Determine the transition probability matrix P.
Calculate PrX 2 = 1 / X 0 = 1. , PrX 2 = 2 / X 0 = 3 , PrX 2 = 3 / X 0 = 2 and the probability that
the child who had originally the ball will have it after 2 throws.

8 Let X, Y, Z denote 3 jointly distributed random variable with joint density function then: 10M
𝑘(𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑧); 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 1
f(x,y,z) = {
0; 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
(i) Find the value of K. (ii) Determine the marginal distributions of X, Y and Z.
OR
9 Let X, Y, Z denote 3 jointly distributed random variable with joint density function then: 10M
12
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑧); 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 1
f(x,y,z) = {7
0; 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Determine E[XYZ].

10 Gradient descent method to solve the following problem approximate sin(x) with a degree 5 10M
polynomial within the range -3<x< 3.
OR
11 A company makes two products (X and Y) using two machines (A and B). Each unit of X that is 10M
produced requires 50 minutes processing time on machine A and 30 minutes processing time
on machine B. Each unit of Y that is produced requires 24 minutes processing time on machine
A and 33 minutes processing time on machine B. At the start of the current week there are
30 units of X and 90 units of Y in stock. Available processing time on machine A is forecast to
be 40 hours and on machine B is forecast to be 35 hours. The demand for X in the current week
is forecast to be 75 units and for Y is forecast to be 95 units. Company policy is to maximize the
combined sum of the units of X and the units of Y in stock at the end of the week.
(i) Formulate the problem of deciding how much of each product to make in the current week as
a linear program.
(ii) Solve this linear program graphically.

*****

Page 2 of 2
Code: 20A54404 R20
B.Tech II Year II Semester (R20) Regular & Supplementary Examinations August/September 2023
DETERMINISTIC & STOCHASTIC STATISTICAL METHODS
(Common to IT, CSE, (AI&DS), CSE(AI&ML), CSE(AI) and (AI&ML))
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
PART – A
(Compulsory Question)
*****
1 Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks)
(a) List the advantages of reducing dimension of the data. 2M
(b) Find the variance between two variables 2M
X=(2,4,6,8,10) ,Y=(1,3,8,11,12).
(c) If a random variable has a Poisson distribution such that P(1) = P(2), find the mean of the 2M
distribution.
(d) Write down the mean and variance of exponential distribution. 2M
(e) What are the uses of Markov analysis? 2M
(f) Give any two properties of Transition probability matrix. 2M
(g) Differentiate between Multiple correlation and Partial correlation. 2M
(h) Write the steps to find the partial correlation coefficients. 2M
(i) Explain the role of optimization in machine learning algorithm. 2M
(j) Describe the significance of Loss function in machine learning. 2M

PART – B
(Answer all the questions: 05 X 10 = 50 Marks)

2 Consider the two dimensional pattern (2, 1) (3, 5) (4, 3) (5, 6) (6, 7) (7, 8). Compute the 10M
principal component using PCA algorithm.
OR
3 Find the Singular value decomposition for the matrix 10M
3 3 2
A=� �.
2 3 −2

4 (a) A variate X has the probability distribution: 5M

X -3 6 9
P(X = x) 1/6 1/2 1/3
Find E(X) and E(2X+1).
(b) A random variable X has a uniform distribution over (-3,3), find k for which P(X > k) = 1/3. Also 5M
evaluate P(X < 2).
OR
5 (a) In a test on 2000 electric bulbs, it was found that the life of a particular make, was normally 5M
distributed with an average life of 2040 hours and standard deviation of 60 hours. Estimate
the number of bulbs likely to burn for (i) more than 2150 hours (ii) less than 1950 hours and
(iii) more than 1920 hours and but less than 2160 hours.
(b) The probability that a pen manufactured by a company will be defective is 1/10. If 12 such 5M
pens are manufactured, find the probability that (i) exactly two will be defective (ii) none will be
defective.

Contd. In Page 2

Page 1 of 2
Code: 20A54404 R20
6 Consider the Markov chain with three states s = {1, 2, 3} that has the following transition matrix 10M
1 1 1
⎡2 4 4⎤
⎢1 2⎥
P=⎢3 0 .
3⎥
⎢1 1 ⎥
⎣2 0⎦
2

(i) Draw the state transition diagram for the chain,

(ii) If we know P(𝑥𝑥1 = 1) = 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥2 = 2) = 1�4 find,
P (𝑥𝑥1 = 3, 𝑥𝑥2 = 2, 𝑥𝑥3 =1).
OR
7 The three state Markov chain is given by the transition probability matrix. Check whether the 10M
chain is irreducible or not? Identify whether the following Markov chain is regular and ergodic
0 0 1
P = �0.5 0 0.5�.
0 1 0

8 Let X and Y be two random variables with joint probability density function 10M
F(x, y) = Axy ; 0<x<y<1
=0; otherwise
Find A. Also find the marginal density function of X and Y.
OR
9 Given data 𝑋𝑋1 = 2, 5, 7, 8, 5 10M
𝑋𝑋2 = 8, 8, 6, 5, 3
𝑋𝑋3 = 0, 1, 1, 3, 4
Calculate the co-efficient of partial correlation.

10 Perform the linear regression algorithm for the given data below to predict the glucose level of 10M
the people with age group.
Subject Age(X) Glucose level(Y)
1 43 99
2 21 65
3 25 79
4 42 75
5 57 87
6 59 81
7 55 ?
OR
11 Find the maximum or minimum of the function f(x) = 𝑥𝑥12 + 𝑥𝑥22 + 𝑥𝑥32 − 4𝑥𝑥1 − 8𝑥𝑥2 − 12𝑥𝑥3 + 56. 10M

*****

Page 2 of 2
Code: 20A54404 R20
B.Tech II Year II Semester (R20) Supplementary Examinations December 2023
DETERMINISTIC & STOCHASTIC STATISTICAL METHODS
(Common to AI&ML, IT, CSE, AI&DS, CSE (AI&ML) and CSE (AI))
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
PART – A
(Compulsory Question)
*****
1 Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks)
(a) Find the distance between points P(3, 2) and Q(4,1). 2M
(b) Distinguish between Parallel projection and Perspective Projection. 2M
(c) Find E(X) if a variate X has the probability distribution. 2M
x 8 12 16 20 24
P(X = x) 1/8 1/6 3/8 1/4 1/12
(d) Write down any two properties of Normal distribution. 2M
(e) List the Characteristics of the Markov Process. 2M
(f) 1 0 2M
A=� �
0 1
Check whether the above matrix is stochastic or not.
(g) Give the formula to find the joint density function for multi variate normal distribution. 2M
(h) Write the significance of moment generating function. 2M
(i) List down the assumptions of linear regression. 2M
(j) Explain the role of optimization in machine learning algorithm. 2M

PART – B
(Answer all the questions: 05 X 10 = 50 Marks)

2 Given two attributes X and Y with values given in the table below. Find the eigen vector and 10M
Principal Component from the given data.
X 2.5 0.5 2.2 1.9 3.1 2.3 2 1 1.5 1.1
Y 2.4 0.7 2.9 2.2 3.0 2.7 1.6 1.1 1.6 0.9
OR
3 Find the covariance matrix for the dataset X = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and Y = 10, 8, 6, 4, 2. 10M

4 (a) A random variable X has the following probability function: 5M

X -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
P(X) 0.1 k 0.1 k 2k 0.3 k
(i) Find the value of k,
(ii) Find P(X<2) and P (1<X<3).

(b) Fit a binomial distribution for the following data 5M

x 0 1 2 3 4 5
f 2 14 20 34 22 8
OR
5 (a) In a certain factory turning out razor blades, there is a small chance of 0.002 for any blade to 5M
be defective. The blades are supplied in packets of 10, use Poisson distribution to calculate the
approximate number of packets containing no defective, one defective and two defective
blades respectively in a consignment of 10,000 packets.
𝑥𝑥−𝑎𝑎
(b) Find the mean and variance of the exponential distribution 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 1 𝑒𝑒 −� 𝑏𝑏
�
, 𝑥𝑥 > 𝑎𝑎.
5M
𝑏𝑏
Contd. in Page 2

Page 1 of 2
Code: 20A54404 R20
6 The three state Markov chain is given by the transition probability matrix. Check whether the 10M
chain is irreducible or not? Identify whether the following Markov chain is regular and ergodic
0.3 0.7 0
P = �0.1 0.4 0.5�.
0 0.2 0.8
OR
7 Consider the matrix of transition probabilities of a product available in the market in two brands A 10M
and B. Determine the market share of each brand in equilibrium position.
A B
𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗 𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏
� �
𝟎𝟎. 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕

8 The two random variables X and Y have the following probability density function 10M
F(x, y) = { 2-x-y, 0≤ (𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) ≤ 1
= 0 otherwise then
Find (i) Marginal density function of X and Y,
(ii) Conditional density functions,
(iii) Variance of X and Y.
OR
9 The following zero order correlation coefficients are given as 𝑟𝑟12 = 0.98 𝑟𝑟13 = 0.44 𝑟𝑟23 = 0.54. 10M
Calculate multiple correlation coefficient treating 1st variable is dependent variable and 2nd and
3rd variable as independent variable.

10 Find the extreme value of f(x) = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑦𝑦 3 − 6𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 and determine whether they are maximum or 10M
minimum.
OR
11 List all the unconstrained optimization techniques. Minimize f(𝑥𝑥1 − 𝑥𝑥2 + 2𝑥𝑥12 + 2𝑥𝑥1 𝑥𝑥2 + 𝑥𝑥22 ) by 10M
0
taking the starting point 𝑥𝑥1 = � �. Use Newton’s method to minimize it.
0

*****

Page 2 of 2