Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 14 views

    Chemistry of D&F Block Elements Lec1

    Uploaded by

    ُEl Syriano
    The document discusses the properties of d-block elements including their electronic configuration, size, ionization energy, density, and color. It explains how d-block elements have smaller size than s- and p-block elements due to lanthanide contraction and therefore have higher ionization energy and density. It also describes how the color of complexes formed by d-block metal ions depends on factors like the central metal ion, ligand arrangement, and ligand nature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chemistry of D&F Block Elements Lec1

    Uploaded by

    ُEl Syriano
    14 views9 pages
    The document discusses the properties of d-block elements including their electronic configuration, size, ionization energy, density, and color. It explains how d-block elements have smaller size than s- and p-block elements due to lanthanide contraction and therefore have higher ionization energy and density. It also describes how the color of complexes formed by d-block metal ions depends on factors like the central metal ion, ligand arrangement, and ligand nature.

    Original Title

    Chemistry of d&f block elements Lec1

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses the properties of d-block elements including their electronic configuration, size, ionization energy, density, and color. It explains how d-block elements have smaller size than s- and p-block elements due to lanthanide contraction and therefore have higher ionization energy and density. It also describes how the color of complexes formed by d-block metal ions depends on factors like the central metal ion, ligand arrangement, and ligand nature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views9 pages

    Chemistry of D&F Block Elements Lec1

    Uploaded by

    ُEl Syriano
    The document discusses the properties of d-block elements including their electronic configuration, size, ionization energy, density, and color. It explains how d-block elements have smaller size than s- and p-block elements due to lanthanide contraction and therefore have higher ionization energy and density. It also describes how the color of complexes formed by d-block metal ions depends on factors like the central metal ion, ligand arrangement, and ligand nature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Inorganic

    Chemistry of d&f block elements


    Special chemistry (CHEM 321)
    Dr.3bnaby
    Lect.1

    11 October 2021 By AbDo AsHrAf 1


    • Chemistry of d&f block elements
    𝐻+ → ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑆 → 𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑑 (ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦)

    𝐻− → ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑃 → 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑑 (𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦)

    (1)d-elements (Transition element)

    3d Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
    4d Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd
    5d La Hf Ta w Re Os Ir Pt Au HG

    11 October 2021 By AbDo AsHrAf 2


    #Electronic configuration of 3d-element is similar
    4𝑆 2 , 3𝑑 𝑛 𝑛 → 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠

    𝑑 0 , 𝑑 5 , 𝑑10
    𝐶𝑟 4𝑆 2 , 3𝑑 5
    except
    𝐶𝑢 4𝑆 2 , 3𝑑10 empty Half filed complete

    11 October 2021 By AbDo AsHrAf 3


    General properties
    (1) Size
    On passing from left to right the size (covalent radi) of d-
    elements decrease due to there is increase in electron in the
    same shell (3𝑑𝑛 )so; extra (+ve) charge are placed on nucleus.
    ∵ 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐. 𝑜𝑓 𝑆 ≫ 𝑃 > 𝑑 > 𝑓
    ∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 +𝑉𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛
    𝑑 − 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑠&𝑝 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
    ∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑 − 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
    𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 "𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏"

    ∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑 − 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ≪ 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠&𝑝 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

    11 October 2021 By AbDo AsHrAf 4


    • On descending across one of the main group 1st
    group show the expected increase in size like (S&P)
    element due to the normal increase in size
    (add extra shells )
    • But other group(2nd group – 10 group), there hardly
    any increase in size due to the normal increase in
    size is cancelled by lanthanide contraction

    11 October 2021 By AbDo AsHrAf 5


    (2)Ionization energy (𝐼. 𝐸)
    • The energy required to remove an electron or more
    from the outer shell
    e
    e e
    1 + + +
    • 𝐼. 𝐸𝛼
    𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
    ‫ هتقل‬ionization energy ‫كل ما حجم يزيد كل ما الـ‬

    • Due to lanthanide contraction


    • ∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑 − 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ≪ 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑆&𝑃 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
    • 𝐼. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑑 − 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ≫ 𝑆&P element

    11 October 2021 By AbDo AsHrAf 6


    (3) Density (𝝆)
    𝑚 1
    •𝜌= 𝜌∝ Size
    𝑉=1 𝑉

    • Transition metals more denser than S&P element.


    • Transition metals form strong metallic bonds.
    • so; form closed crystal packing structure.

    11 October 2021 By AbDo AsHrAf 7


    (4) Color
    • Metal ions forms several of different colored complex
    • 𝑒. 𝑔 𝑁𝑎3 𝐹𝑒 𝐶𝑁 6 3− , 𝐶𝑜 𝑁𝐻3 6
    • Color complex depended on
    i. Natural of central metal ion
    ii. Arrangement of ligand around central metal ion
    iii. Natural of ligand
    lone pair ‫• هو اللي بيحمل شحنة سالبة او في‬

    11 October 2021 By AbDo AsHrAf 8


    #Arrangement of ligand around central metal ion

    structure

    L=4 L=6
    octahedral

    Tetra herald Square planner


    −2 −2
    𝐾2 𝑁𝑖𝐶𝑙4 𝑁𝑖 𝐶𝑁 4

    11 October 2021 By AbDo AsHrAf 9

    You might also like