Evolution of Cloud Computing

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Cloud computing is all about renting computing services. This idea first came in the
1950s. In making cloud computing what it is today, five technologies played a vital
role. These are distributed systems and its peripherals, virtualization, web 2.0,
service orientation, and utility computing.

• Distributed Systems:
It is a composition of multiple independent systems but all of them are
depicted as a single entity to the users. The purpose of distributed systems
is to share resources and also use them effectively and efficiently.
Distributed systems possess characteristics such as scalability,
concurrency, continuous availability, heterogeneity, and independence in
failures. But the main problem with this system was that all the systems
were required to be present at the same geographical location. Thus to
 solve this problem, distributed computing led to three more types of
computing and they were-Mainframe computing, cluster computing, and
grid computing.

• Mainframe computing:
Mainframes which first came into existence in 1951 are highly powerful
and reliable computing machines. These are responsible for handling large
data such as massive input-output operations. Even today these are used
for bulk processing tasks such as online transactions etc. These systems
have almost no downtime with high fault tolerance. After distributed
computing, these increased the processing capabilities of the system. But
these were very expensive. To reduce this cost, cluster computing came as
an alternative to mainframe technology.

• Cluster computing:
In 1980s, cluster computing came as an alternative to mainframe
computing. Each machine in the cluster was connected to each other by a
network with high bandwidth. These were way cheaper than those
mainframe systems. These were equally capable of high computations.
Also, new nodes could easily be added to the cluster if it was required.
Thus, the problem of the cost was solved to some extent but the problem
related to geographical restrictions still pertained. To solve this, the
concept of grid computing was introduced.

• Grid computing:
In 1990s, the concept of grid computing was introduced. It means that
different systems were placed at entirely different geographical locations
and these all were connected via the internet. These systems belonged to
different organizations and thus the grid consisted of heterogeneous
nodes. Although it solved some problems but new problems emerged as
the distance between the nodes increased. The main problem which was
encountered was the low availability of high bandwidth connectivity and
with it other network associated issues. Thus. cloud computing is often
referred to as “Successor of grid computing”.

• Virtualization:
It was introduced nearly 40 years back. It refers to the process of creating
a virtual layer over the hardware which allows the user to run multiple
instances simultaneously on the hardware. It is a key technology used in
cloud computing. It is the base on which major cloud computing services
such as Amazon EC2, VMware vCloud, etc work on. Hardware
 virtualization is still one of the most common types of virtualization.

• Web 2.0:
It is the interface through which the cloud computing services interact
with the clients. It is because of Web 2.0 that we have interactive and
dynamic web pages. It also increases flexibility among web pages. Popular
examples of web 2.0 include Google Maps, Facebook, Twitter, etc. Needless
to say, social media is possible because of this technology only. It gained
major popularity in 2004.

• Service orientation:
It acts as a reference model for cloud computing. It supports low-cost,
flexible, and evolvable applications. Two important concepts were
introduced in this computing model. These were Quality of Service (QoS)
which also includes the SLA (Service Level Agreement) and Software as a
Service (SaaS).

• Utility computing:
It is a computing model that defines service provisioning techniques for
services such as compute services along with other major services such as
storage, infrastructure, etc which are provisioned on a pay-per-use basis.

Basic Principle of Cloud Computing:

 • Federation: A cloud computing environment must be capable of
providing federated service providers which means that, these
providers, must be capable of collaborating and resource sharing at any
point irrespective of their type. This is usually needed when an
organization extends its computing paradigm from the private to the
public cloud. Moreover, This federation must be kept transparent so
that the virtual application can be used on all the sites. This makes the
application be handled remotely and allows it to migrate from one site
to another. Apart from this, the federation must be carried out in a
secure and independent way.
• Independence: The user of cloud computing services must be
independent of the provider’s specific tool and the type of service.
According to this principle, a user must be allowed the required virtual
resource irrespective of the type of provider. Moreover, it is the
responsibility of service providers to handle infrastructure while hiding
confidential information.
• Isolation: According to this principle, a service provider must ensure
the user with respect to the isolation of their data from others. Even
the data in the same cloud must be separated from different users and
therefore should not be accessed.
• Elasticity: The user of cloud computing must be provided with ease
of accessing and releasing the resources as required. This is typically
referred to as elasticity. The rules associated with elasticity must be
included within the contract made between consumers and services
providers.
• Business Orientation: To develop a more efficient computing
environment, an efficient platform must be developed before the
applications are included in the cloud. This typically ensures the quality
of services and assist SLA (Service-Level-Agreement).
• Trust: To build a successful cloud computing environment, one of the
major factors is trust between consumers and service providers.
Therefore, effective mechanisms must be included to develop a
trustworthy computing environment.

characteristics of Cloud Computing

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There are many characteristics of Cloud Computing here are few of them :
1. On-demand self-services: The Cloud computing services does not
require any human administrators, user themselves are able to provision,
monitor and manage computing resources as needed.
2. Broad network access: The Computing services are generally provided
over standard networks and heterogeneous devices.
3. Rapid elasticity: The Computing services should have IT resources that
are able to scale out and in quickly and on as needed basis. Whenever the
user require services it is provided to him and it is scale out as soon as its
requirement gets over.
4. Resource pooling: The IT resource (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) present are shared across multiple applications
and occupant in an uncommitted manner. Multiple clients are provided
service from a same physical resource.
5. Measured service: The resource utilization is tracked for each application
and occupant, it will provide both the user and the resource provider with
an account of what has been used. This is done for various reasons like
monitoring billing and effective use of resource.
6. Multi-tenancy: Cloud computing providers can support multiple tenants
(users or organizations) on a single set of shared resources.
7. Virtualization: Cloud computing providers use virtualization technology
to abstract underlying hardware resources and present them as logical
resources to users.
8. Resilient computing: Cloud computing services are typically designed
with redundancy and fault tolerance in mind, which ensures high
availability and reliability.
9. Flexible pricing models: Cloud providers offer a variety of pricing
models, including pay-per-use, subscription-based, and spot pricing,
allowing users to choose the option that best suits their needs.
10. Security: Cloud providers invest heavily in security measures to protect
their users’ data and ensure the privacy of sensitive information.
11. Automation: Cloud computing services are often highly automated,
allowing users to deploy and manage resources with minimal manual
intervention.
12. Sustainability: Cloud providers are increasingly focused on sustainable
practices, such as energy-efficient data centers and the use of renewable
energy sources, to reduce their environmental impact.
 Fig – characteristics of cloud computing

Service model
There are three main models for cloud computing. Each model represents a different
part of the cloud computing stack.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service, sometimes abbreviated as IaaS, contains the basic building blocks for
cloud IT and typically provide access to networking features, computers (virtual or on dedicated
hardware), and data storage space. Infrastructure as a Service provides you with the highest level of
flexibility and management control over your IT resources and is most similar to existing IT
resources that many IT departments and developers are familiar with today.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Platforms as a service remove the need for organizations to manage the underlying infrastructure
(usually hardware and operating systems) and allow you to focus on the deployment and
management of your applications. This helps you be more efficient as you don’t need to worry about
resource procurement, capacity planning, software maintenance, patching, or any of the other
undifferentiated heavy lifting involved in running your application.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Software as a Service provides you with a completed product that is run and managed by the
service provider. In most cases, people referring to Software as a Service are referring to end-user
applications. With a SaaS offering you do not have to think about how the service is maintained or
how the underlying infrastructure is managed; you only need to think about how you will use that
particular piece of software. A common example of a SaaS application is web-based email where
you can send and receive email without having to manage feature additions to the email product or
maintaining the servers and operating systems that the email program is running on.

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a stage in the evolution of application

development and/or integration. It defines a way to make software
components reusable using the interfaces.
Formally, SOA is an architectural approach in which applications make use of
services available in the network. In this architecture, services are provided to
form applications, through a network call over the internet. It uses common
communication standards to speed up and streamline the service integrations
in applications. Each service in SOA is a complete business function in itself.
The services are published in such a way that it makes it easy for the
developers to assemble their apps using those services. Note that SOA is
different from microservice architecture.
• SOA allows users to combine a large number of facilities from
existing services to form applications.
• SOA encompasses a set of design principles that structure system
development and provide means for integrating components into a
coherent and decentralized system.
 • SOA-based computing packages functionalities into a set of
interoperable services, which can be integrated into different
software systems belonging to separate business domains.

The different characteristics of SOA are as follows :

o Provides interoperability between the services.
o Provides methods for service encapsulation, service discovery, service
composition,
service reusability and service integration.
o Facilitates QoS (Quality of Services) through service contract based on
Service Level
Agreement (SLA).
o Provides loosely couples services.
o Provides location transparency with better scalability and availability.
o Ease of maintenance with reduced cost of application development and
deployment.
There are two major roles within Service-oriented Architecture:
1. Service provider: The service provider is the maintainer of the service
and the organization that makes available one or more services for
others to use. To advertise services, the provider can publish them in
a registry, together with a service contract that specifies the nature of
the service, how to use it, the requirements for the service, and the
fees charged.
2. Service consumer: The service consumer can locate the service
metadata in the registry and develop the required client components
to bind and use the service.

Services might aggregate information and data retrieved from other services or
create workflows of services to satisfy the request of a given service consumer.
This practice is known as service orchestration Another important interaction
pattern is service choreography, which is the coordinated interaction of
services without a single point of control.

Components of SOA:

Guiding Principles of SOA:

1. Standardized service contract: Specified through one or more service
description documents.
2. Loose coupling: Services are designed as self-contained components,
maintain relationships that minimize dependencies on other services.
3. Abstraction: A service is completely defined by service contracts and
description documents. They hide their logic, which is encapsulated
within their implementation.
4. Reusability: Designed as components, services can be reused more
effectively, thus reducing development time and the associated costs.
5. Autonomy: Services have control over the logic they encapsulate and,
from a service consumer point of view, there is no need to know
about their implementation.
 6. Discoverability: Services are defined by description documents that
constitute supplemental metadata through which they can be
effectively discovered. Service discovery provides an effective means
for utilizing third-party resources.
7. Composability: Using services as building blocks, sophisticated and
complex operations can be implemented. Service orchestration and
choreography provide a solid support for composing services and
achieving business goals.

Advantages of SOA:
• Service reusability: In SOA, applications are made from existing
services. Thus, services can be reused to make many applications.
• Easy maintenance: As services are independent of each other they
can be updated and modified easily without affecting other services.
• Platform independent: SOA allows making a complex application by
combining services picked from different sources, independent of the
platform.
• Availability: SOA facilities are easily available to anyone on request.
• Reliability: SOA applications are more reliable because it is easy to
debug small services rather than huge codes
• Scalability: Services can run on different servers within an
environment, this increases scalability

Disadvantages of SOA:
• High overhead: A validation of input parameters of services is done
whenever services interact this decreases performance as it increases
load and response time.
• High investment: A huge initial investment is required for SOA.
• Complex service management: When services interact they
exchange messages to tasks. the number of messages may go in
millions. It becomes a cumbersome task to handle a large number of
messages.
Cloud Deployment Models
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Pre-Requisite: Cloud Computing
In cloud computing, we have access to a shared pool of computer resources (servers,
storage, programs, and so on) in the cloud. You simply need to request additional
resources when you require them. Getting resources up and running quickly is a
breeze thanks to the clouds. It is possible to release resources that are no longer
necessary. This method allows you to just pay for what you use. Your cloud provider
is in charge of all upkeep.
What is a Cloud Deployment Model?
Cloud Deployment Model functions as a virtual computing environment with a
deployment architecture that varies depending on the amount of data you want to
store and who has access to the infrastructure.
Types of Cloud Computing Deployment Models
The cloud deployment model identifies the specific type of cloud environment based
on ownership, scale, and access, as well as the cloud’s nature and purpose. The
location of the servers you’re utilizing and who controls them are defined by a cloud
deployment model. It specifies how your cloud infrastructure will look, what you can
change, and whether you will be given services or will have to create everything
yourself. Relationships between the infrastructure and your users are also defined by
cloud deployment types. Different types of cloud computing deployment models are
described below.
• Public Cloud
• Private Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud
• Community Cloud
• Multi-Cloud
Public Cloud
The public cloud makes it possible for anybody to access systems and services. The
public cloud may be less secure as it is open to everyone. The public cloud is one in
which cloud infrastructure services are provided over the internet to the general
people or major industry groups. The infrastructure in this cloud model is owned by
the entity that delivers the cloud services, not by the consumer. It is a type of cloud
hosting that allows customers and users to easily access systems and services. This
form of cloud computing is an excellent example of cloud hosting, in which service
providers supply services to a variety of customers. In this arrangement, storage
backup and retrieval services are given for free, as a subscription, or on a per-user
basis. For example, Google App Engine etc.

Public Cloud

Advantages of the Public Cloud Model

• Minimal Investment: Because it is a pay-per-use service, there is no
substantial upfront fee, making it excellent for enterprises that require
immediate access to resources.
• No setup cost: The entire infrastructure is fully subsidized by the cloud
service providers, thus there is no need to set up any hardware.
• Infrastructure Management is not required: Using the public cloud
does not necessitate infrastructure management.
• No maintenance: The maintenance work is done by the service provider
(not users).
• Dynamic Scalability: To fulfill your company’s needs, on-demand
resources are accessible.
Disadvantages of the Public Cloud Model
• Less secure: Public cloud is less secure as resources are public so there is
no guarantee of high-level security.
• Low customization: It is accessed by many public so it can’t be
customized according to personal requirements.
Private Cloud
The private cloud deployment model is the exact opposite of the public cloud
deployment model. It’s a one-on-one environment for a single user (customer). There
is no need to share your hardware with anyone else. The distinction between private
and public clouds is in how you handle all of the hardware. It is also called the
“internal cloud” & it refers to the ability to access systems and services within a given
border or organization. The cloud platform is implemented in a cloud-based secure
environment that is protected by powerful firewalls and under the supervision of an
organization’s IT department. The private cloud gives greater flexibility of control
over cloud resources.

Private Cloud

Advantages of the Private Cloud Model

• Better Control: You are the sole owner of the property. You gain complete
command over service integration, IT operations, policies, and user
behavior.
• Data Security and Privacy: It’s suitable for storing corporate information
to which only authorized staff have access. By segmenting resources within
the same infrastructure, improved access and security can be achieved.
• Supports Legacy Systems: This approach is designed to work with legacy
systems that are unable to access the public cloud.
• Customization: Unlike a public cloud deployment, a private cloud allows a
company to tailor its solution to meet its specific needs.
Disadvantages of the Private Cloud Model
• Less scalable: Private clouds are scaled within a certain range as there is
less number of clients.
• Costly: Private clouds are more costly as they provide personalized
facilities.
Hybrid Cloud
By bridging the public and private worlds with a layer of proprietary software, hybrid
cloud computing gives the best of both worlds. With a hybrid solution, you may host
the app in a safe environment while taking advantage of the public cloud’s cost
savings. Organizations can move data and applications between different clouds
using a combination of two or more cloud deployment methods, depending on their
needs.

Hybrid Cloud

Advantages of the Hybrid Cloud Model

• Flexibility and control: Businesses with more flexibility can design
personalized solutions that meet their particular needs.
• Cost: Because public clouds provide scalability, you’ll only be responsible
for paying for the extra capacity if you require it.
• Security: Because data is properly separated, the chances of data theft by
attackers are considerably reduced.
Disadvantages of the Hybrid Cloud Model
• Difficult to manage: Hybrid clouds are difficult to manage as it is a
combination of both public and private cloud. So, it is complex.
• Slow data transmission: Data transmission in the hybrid cloud takes
place through the public cloud so latency occurs.
Community Cloud
It allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of organizations. It is a
distributed system that is created by integrating the services of different clouds to
address the specific needs of a community, industry, or business. The infrastructure
of the community could be shared between the organization which has shared
concerns or tasks. It is generally managed by a third party or by the combination of
one or more organizations in the community.
 Community Cloud

Advantages of the Community Cloud Model

• Cost Effective: It is cost-effective because the cloud is shared by multiple
organizations or communities.
• Security: Community cloud provides better security.
• Shared resources: It allows you to share resources, infrastructure, etc.
with multiple organizations.
• Collaboration and data sharing: It is suitable for both collaboration and
data sharing.
Disadvantages of the Community Cloud Model
• Limited Scalability: Community cloud is relatively less scalable as many
organizations share the same resources according to their collaborative
interests.
• Rigid in customization: As the data and resources are shared among
different organizations according to their mutual interests if an
organization wants some changes according to their needs they cannot do
so because it will have an impact on other organizations.
Multi-Cloud
We’re talking about employing multiple cloud providers at the same time under this
paradigm, as the name implies. It’s similar to the hybrid cloud deployment approach,
which combines public and private cloud resources. Instead of merging private and
public clouds, multi-cloud uses many public clouds. Although public cloud providers
provide numerous tools to improve the reliability of their services, mishaps still
occur. It’s quite rare that two distinct clouds would have an incident at the same
moment. As a result, multi-cloud deployment improves the high availability of your
services even more.
 Multi-Cloud

Advantages of the Multi-Cloud Model

• You can mix and match the best features of each cloud provider’s services
to suit the demands of your apps, workloads, and business by choosing
different cloud providers.
• Reduced Latency: To reduce latency and improve user experience, you
can choose cloud regions and zones that are close to your clients.
• High availability of service: It’s quite rare that two distinct clouds would
have an incident at the same moment. So, the multi-cloud deployment
improves the high availability of your services.
Disadvantages of the Multi-Cloud Model
• Complex: The combination of many clouds makes the system complex and
bottlenecks may occur.
• Security issue: Due to the complex structure, there may be loopholes to
which a hacker can take advantage hence, makes the data insecure.

Architecture of Cloud Computing

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Cloud Computing , which is one of the demanding technology of the current time
and which is giving a new shape to every organization by providing on demand
virtualized services/resources. Starting from small to medium and medium to large,
every organization use cloud computing services for storing information and
accessing it from anywhere and any time only with the help of internet. In this
article, we will know more about the internal architecture of cloud computing.
Transparency, scalability, security and intelligent monitoring are some of the most
important constraints which every cloud infrastructure should experience. Current
research on other important constraints is helping cloud computing system to come
up with new features and strategies with a great capability of providing more
advanced cloud solutions.
Cloud Computing Architecture :
The cloud architecture is divided into 2 parts i.e.
1. Frontend
2. Backend
The below figure represents an internal architectural view of cloud computing.
 Architecture of Cloud Computing

Architecture of cloud computing is the combination of both SOA (Service Oriented

Architecture) and EDA (Event Driven Architecture). Client infrastructure,
application, service, runtime cloud, storage, infrastructure, management and
security all these are the components of cloud computing architecture.
1. Frontend :
Frontend of the cloud architecture refers to the client side of cloud computing
system. Means it contains all the user interfaces and applications which are used by
the client to access the cloud computing services/resources. For example, use of a
web browser to access the cloud platform.
• Client Infrastructure – Client Infrastructure is a part of the frontend
component. It contains the applications and user interfaces which are
required to access the cloud platform.
• In other words, it provides a GUI( Graphical User Interface ) to interact
with the cloud.
2. Backend :
Backend refers to the cloud itself which is used by the service provider. It contains
the resources as well as manages the resources and provides security mechanisms.
Along with this, it includes huge storage, virtual applications, virtual machines,
traffic control mechanisms, deployment models, etc.
1. Application –
Application in backend refers to a software or platform to which client
accesses. Means it provides the service in backend as per the client
requirement.
2. Service –
Service in backend refers to the major three types of cloud based services
like SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. Also manages which type of service the user
accesses.
3. Runtime Cloud-
Runtime cloud in backend provides the execution and Runtime
platform/environment to the Virtual machine.
4. Storage –
Storage in backend provides flexible and scalable storage service and
management of stored data.
5. Infrastructure –
Cloud Infrastructure in backend refers to the hardware and software
components of cloud like it includes servers, storage, network devices,
virtualization software etc.
6. Management –
Management in backend refers to management of backend components
 like application, service, runtime cloud, storage, infrastructure, and other
security mechanisms etc.
7. Security –
Security in backend refers to implementation of different security
mechanisms in the backend for secure cloud resources, systems, files, and
infrastructure to end-users.
8. Internet –
Internet connection acts as the medium or a bridge between frontend and
backend and establishes the interaction and communication between
frontend and backend.
9. Database– Database in backend refers to provide database for storing
structured data, such as SQL and NOSQL databases. Example of Databases
services include Amazon RDS, Microsoft Azure SQL database and Google
CLoud SQL.
10. Networking– Networking in backend services that provide networking
infrastructure for application in the cloud, such as load balancing, DNS and
virtual private networks.
11. Analytics– Analytics in backend service that provides analytics
capabillities for data in the cloud, such as warehousing, bussness
intellegence and machine learning.
Benefits of Cloud Computing Architecture :
• Makes overall cloud computing system simpler.
• Improves data processing requirements.
• Helps in providing high security.
• Makes it more modularized.
• Results in better disaster recovery.
• Gives good user accessibility.
• Reduces IT operating costs.
• Provides high level reliability.
• Scalability.

What is cloud storage?

Cloud storage is a cloud computing model that enables storing data and files on the internet through
a cloud computing provider that you access either through the public internet or a dedicated private
network connection. The provider securely stores, manages, and maintains the storage servers,
infrastructure, and network to ensure you have access to the data when you need it at virtually
unlimited scale, and with elastic capacity. Cloud storage removes the need to buy and manage your
own data storage infrastructure, giving you agility, scalability, and durability, with any time, anywhere
data access.
Cloud Computing for
Industrial Applications
Cloud computing for Industrial Applications offers significant business benefits to
manufacturing operations and IT. With the low cost of entry, shifting cost to an expense budget
(rather than capital budget), limited corporate IT resources, and other benefits are all leading to
rapid industry adoption.

For industrial companies, however, there are some additional considerations. Control of the IT
infrastructure for applications is with the service provider. This issue is particularly important
with industrial applications where there is typically a high degree of integration. This requires an
agreement for orderly application upgrades to keep the integration links intact.

Who owns the data is another consideration. Be sure to establish ownership

upfront. Sometimes, a new application being considered for acquisition is viewed to be high
risk. Perhaps you are unsure of the achievable financial benefits or the technology itself. Cloud
computing can reduce the upfront financial costs and mitigate the risk.

Infrastructure View of Cloud Computing

The infrastructure view of cloud computing focuses on the backend aspects, including
the physical hardware, software, and networking components that power the cloud
services. Here's a breakdown of the key elements:

• Data centers: These massive facilities house the physical servers, storage devices, and
networking equipment that run cloud services.

Opens in a new window stl.tech

 Cloud data center

• Servers: These powerful computers provide the processing power and memory for
running applications and storing data.
• Storage: Cloud providers offer various storage options, such as hard disk drives
(HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and object storage, to meet diverse data storage
needs.
• Networking: A robust network infrastructure connects all the components within a cloud
data center and also facilitates communication between the cloud and users.
• Virtualization: This technology allows a single physical server to be divided into multiple
virtual machines (VMs). Each VM can run its own operating system and applications,
providing a cost-effective and efficient way to utilize computing resources.
• Software: Cloud providers use various software tools to manage and automate the
provisioning, configuration, and monitoring of cloud resources.
Consumer View of Cloud Computing

The consumer view of cloud computing focuses on the frontend aspects, which
encompass the experience and benefits users gain from utilizing cloud services. Here's
what consumers typically see:

• Self-service: Users can access and manage cloud resources through a web-based
interface or API, offering on-demand access and control.
• Scalability: Cloud services can be easily scaled up or down based on changing needs,
allowing users to pay only for the resources they use.
• Elasticity: Cloud resources can be provisioned and released quickly, enabling users to
meet fluctuating demands efficiently.
• Cost-effectiveness: Cloud computing eliminates the need for upfront investments in
hardware and software, leading to potential cost savings.
• Ubiquitous access: Users can access cloud services from anywhere with an internet
connection, using various devices like laptops, smartphones, and tablets.
• Reliability: Cloud providers offer robust infrastructure and redundancy measures to
ensure high availability and data security.

In essence, the infrastructure view delves into the intricate workings behind the scenes,
while the consumer view emphasizes the user-centric benefits and functionalities of
cloud computing.

Cloud Computing Functions

From the explanation alone, you may already know what the main function of this
technology is, is where to store various files without having to use the hard disk.

There are also others that you need to know for cloud computing functions, including:

Increase Data Storage Capacity

The main thing about the function of this cloud technology is where you can increase
data storage capacity. This is certainly not without reason because with a cloud storage
system you can increase data storage capacity.

Just imagine that you have 32 Gb of important data on your phone and there is still data
that needs to be stored, then the answer is to use the cloud to increase storage capacity.

Improving Stakeholder Performance

In a company, of course, there is such a thing as a stakeholder. Stakeholders of course

still need to use cloud technology for just meeting with clients or also with employees.
By using cloud technology, of course, this can be done easily and also with its more
efficient performance, it can improve its performance.

Get System Updates Periodically (Up to Date)

Regular system updates are very important. This third function is the advantages and
characteristics of cloud computing. Where, to overcome the various shortcomings that
exist and imitate the development of the hottest issues in the era of digital-based
technology, the method will continue to update the database in a structured manner.

The update aims to improve security, then improve features to provide a better
experience for online users around the world. Thus, every storage operation becomes
more secure, targeted, and has high credibility.

Types of Cloud Computing

In this cloud technology there are also various types that can be distinguished based on
how they work and also based on what they are used for. By far the most common for
cloud computing there are 4 types, including:

Public Cloud

Public cloud is an alternative application development approach to traditional on-

premises IT architecture. In the basic public cloud computing model, third-party
providers host scalable, on-demand IT resources and deliver them to users over a
network connection, either over the public internet or a dedicated network.

Private Cloud
A private cloud is a type of cloud computing that provides similar advantages to a public
cloud, including scalability and self-service, but through a proprietary architecture.
Private cloud, also known as internal or enterprise cloud, is dedicated to the needs and
goals of one organization whereas public cloud provides services to multiple
organizations.

Community Cloud

Community Cloud is a hybrid form of private cloud. They are multi-tenant platforms that
allow different organizations to work on a common platform.

Hybrid Cloud

Hybrid cloud refers to a mixed computing, storage, and service environment consisting
of on-premises infrastructure, private cloud services, and public cloud.

Benefits of Cloud Computing

For the benefits of cloud computing itself, there are many, it depends on which side you
look at, whether it’s in terms of cost, security, or efficiency, of course there are benefits
from cloud computing.

The benefits of cloud computing include:

Data Security

One of the main concerns of every business, regardless of size and industry, is the
security of its data. Data breaches and other cybercrimes can damage a company’s
revenue, customer loyalty and brand position.

The cloud offers many advanced security features that ensure that data is stored and
handled securely. Features such as granular permissions and access management via
pooled roles can limit access to sensitive data to only those employees who need access
to it, thereby reducing the attack surface for malicious actors.

Cloud storage providers implement basic protections for their platforms and the data
they process, such as authentication, access control, and encryption. From there, most
companies complement this protection with their own additional security measures to
enhance cloud data protection and tighten access to sensitive information in the cloud.
High Flexibility and Scalability

Different companies have different IT requirements, a large company with 1000+

employees will not have the same IT requirements as a new company. Using the cloud
is a great solution as it allows companies to efficiently and quickly scale up or
downgrade their IT departments, according to the demands of the business.

Cloud-based solutions are ideal for businesses with ever-increasing or fluctuating

bandwidth demands. If your business demands increase, you can easily increase your
cloud capacity without having to invest in physical infrastructure. This level of agility can
give businesses using this technology a real advantage over competitors.

This scalability minimizes the risks associated with internal operational and maintenance
issues. You have the high-performance resources at your disposal with a professional
solution and zero upfront investment. Scalability is probably the biggest advantage of
the cloud.

All Data Stored on Server Centrally

Simply put, cloud computing is internet-based computing. In the past, people would run
applications or programs from downloaded software on physical computers or servers
in their buildings. This technology allows people to access the same types of
applications over the internet.

Cloud computing is based on the premise that primary computing occurs on a machine,
often remotely, that is not the machine being used. The data collected during this
process is stored and processed by remote servers (also called cloud servers). This
means devices that access the cloud don’t have to work as hard.