Chapter Four
Chapter Four
Chapter Four
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4.1 Types of Two-port Networks
1. Z-Parameters (Impedance Parameters) 2. Y-Parameters (Admittance Parameters)
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1. Z parameters.
When I2 = 0 , output port is open.
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Z-Parameters - Equivalent Circuit
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Y-Parameters - Equivalent Circuit
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H-Parameters - Equivalent Circuit
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Example 1: Find the Z parameters of the T-network
Assign mesh currents as shown :
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Example 3: Given the following circuit, determine the Z-parameters.
Current-divider rule
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In case the two-port is reciprocal, Z12 = Z21,
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𝑍1 ∗𝑍2 +𝑍1 ∗𝑍3 +𝑍2 ∗𝑍3 𝑍1 ∗𝑍2 +𝑍1 ∗𝑍3 +𝑍2 ∗𝑍3 𝑍1 ∗𝑍2 +𝑍1 ∗𝑍3 +𝑍2 ∗𝑍3
𝑍𝑎 = , 𝑍𝑏 = and 𝑍𝑐 =
𝑍2 𝑍1 𝑍3
Example 5: Calculate the z parameters for the circuit in Figure below.
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Example 6: Determine the admittance parameters of the T network shown in Figure below.
To find y11 and y21, we have to short the output terminals and connect a current source I1
to the input terminals.
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To find y12 and y22, we have to short-circuit the input terminals and connect a current
source I2 to the output terminals.
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Example 7:
Find the Y-parameters of the circuit shown below.
Is the network reciprocal or symmetrical?
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Example 7: Obtain the h parameters for the two-port of Figure below.
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To get h22 and h12, consider the circuit below.
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Example 8: Find the transmission parameters for the circuit in Figure below.
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To get B and D , consider the circuit in Fig. (b).
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2.8 Scattering (S) parameters
It plays a very important role in microwave design to describing the behavior of electrical
devices.
The S-parameters can be observed by sending a signal through an input terminal and
observing the response on an output terminal.
𝑏1 𝑆11 𝑆12 𝑎1
=
𝑏2 𝑆21 𝑆22 𝑎2
at one time (𝑉 + = 0)
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Example1: Find the S parameters of the 3 dB attenuator circuit shown here.
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