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Chapter Four

This document discusses two-port networks including their types, parameters, equivalent circuits and examples of calculating their parameters. The types of two-port networks covered are Z, Y, H and A parameters. Examples are provided to calculate the parameters for different networks including T, Pi and other circuits.

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Endale Gezahgn
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88 views28 pages

Chapter Four

This document discusses two-port networks including their types, parameters, equivalent circuits and examples of calculating their parameters. The types of two-port networks covered are Z, Y, H and A parameters. Examples are provided to calculate the parameters for different networks including T, Pi and other circuits.

Uploaded by

Endale Gezahgn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 4

TWO PORT NETWORKS


 Port: A pair of terminals through which a current or voltage may enter or leave a network.
 Two-terminal devices or elements (such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors) result in
one-port networks.
 The current entering one terminal leaves through the other
terminal so that the net current entering the port equals zero.
 Two-port networks: (a four-terminal network) is an electrical network with two separate
ports for input and output.
 There are four terminal variables,
 Namely V1, V2, I1 and I2
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 Two of them are treated as independent.
4.1 Types of Two-port Networks
Some different forms of two port networks as shown figure bellows;

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4.1 Types of Two-port Networks
1. Z-Parameters (Impedance Parameters) 2. Y-Parameters (Admittance Parameters)

3. H-Parameters (Hybrid Parameters) 4. A-Parameters (Transmission Parameters)

Finding Two-Port Parameters


 Method 1: Calculate or measure by making appropriate short-circuit and open-circuit
conditions at the input and output ports.
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 Method 2: Derive the parameters from another set of two-port parameters.


4.2 Relationship of Two-port Variables

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1. Z parameters.
 When I2 = 0 , output port is open.

I1 = 0 , input put port is open.

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Z-Parameters - Equivalent Circuit

 Model with two dependent voltage sources 6


2. Y parameters

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Y-Parameters - Equivalent Circuit

 Model with two dependent current sources 8


2. h parameters

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H-Parameters - Equivalent Circuit

 Model with two dependent sources 10


2. A parameters

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Example 1: Find the Z parameters of the T-network
 Assign mesh currents as shown :

Example 2: Compute the Z-parameters of the Pi-network.


Is the network reciprocal or symmetrical?

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Example 3: Given the following circuit, determine the Z-parameters.

 Current-divider rule

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 In case the two-port is reciprocal, Z12 = Z21,

 Then it can be represented by the T-equivalent circuit.

Example 4: Find the z parameters of the circuit in Figure below.

Transform the Π network to a T network.

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𝑍1 ∗𝑍2 +𝑍1 ∗𝑍3 +𝑍2 ∗𝑍3 𝑍1 ∗𝑍2 +𝑍1 ∗𝑍3 +𝑍2 ∗𝑍3 𝑍1 ∗𝑍2 +𝑍1 ∗𝑍3 +𝑍2 ∗𝑍3
𝑍𝑎 = , 𝑍𝑏 = and 𝑍𝑐 =
𝑍2 𝑍1 𝑍3
Example 5: Calculate the z parameters for the circuit in Figure below.

Transform the Π to T a network.

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Example 6: Determine the admittance parameters of the T network shown in Figure below.

 To find y11 and y21, we have to short the output terminals and connect a current source I1
to the input terminals.

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 To find y12 and y22, we have to short-circuit the input terminals and connect a current
source I2 to the output terminals.

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Example 7:
Find the Y-parameters of the circuit shown below.
Is the network reciprocal or symmetrical?

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Example 7: Obtain the h parameters for the two-port of Figure below.

 To get h11 and h21, consider the circuit below.

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 To get h22 and h12, consider the circuit below.

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Example 8: Find the transmission parameters for the circuit in Figure below.

 To get A and C , refer to the circuit in Fig.(a).

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 To get B and D , consider the circuit in Fig. (b).

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2.8 Scattering (S) parameters
 It plays a very important role in microwave design to describing the behavior of electrical
devices.
 The S-parameters can be observed by sending a signal through an input terminal and
observing the response on an output terminal.

𝑏1 𝑆11 𝑆12 𝑎1
=
𝑏2 𝑆21 𝑆22 𝑎2

a1 - voltage wave incident on port 1


a2 -voltage wave incident on port 2
 S11 - represent input reflection.
b1 - voltage wave reflected from port 1
 S22 - represent output reflection.
b2 - voltage wave reflected from port 2
 S21 - forward transmission coefficient (gain).
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 S12 - reverse transmission coefficient (isolation).
 To find S-parameters, need to consider terminating one port with matched load (𝑍0 = 50Ω )

at one time (𝑉 + = 0)

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Example1: Find the S parameters of the 3 dB attenuator circuit shown here.

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.

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