MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE

BODIES

STRESS
ENGR. JERUSA V. ORBON
INSTRUCTOR
MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE
BODIES
Is a branch of mechanics whose concern is to study and analyze the
behavior of stresses and strains caused by internal forces acting
within bodies subjected to external forces.
STRESS 𝑭

𝑭
𝝈=
𝑨

Wherein:
𝝈 −stress/ simple stress
𝑭 𝒐𝒓 𝑷 −force
𝑨 −Area where the force is acting on s

s s

s
Stress
When a body subjected to external loads is sectioned, there is a
distribution of force acting over the sectioned area which holds each segment
of the body in equilibrium. The intensity of this internal force acting on a
certain plane passing through a point in the body is referred to as Stress

Average Stress
The corresponding Stress of the material when having a constant area
and subjected to a unique force orientation relative to that area of the
material under consideration

Maximum Average Stress

When the material is composed of varying areas, and subjected to a force
or forces in different orientations and directions, different segments of that
material will be subjected to different values of stresses. The governing
Stress should be the maximum and is also called the maximum stress.
Analysis of Internal Forces
𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡

𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡
Pressure

Exploratory Stress
Section

𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑡
Cut Section Cut Section 𝜎

Stress Stress
Distribution Distribution
(A)-Actual (B)-Average

1 2 3

Maximum 𝜎1 𝜎2 𝜎3
Stress Stress Distribution
(C)-Non-Homogeneous Material
 Types of Stress
Simple Stress
a. Axial Stress - When the line of action of the internal force is perpendicular to the critical area of interest

a.1.) Compressive Stress

a.2.) Tensile Stress

b. Shear Stress - When the line of action of the internal force is parallel to the critical area of interest

c. Bearing Stress - The stress at the contact surface between the two materials. it is also similar to Axial,
except that the perpendicular area should be specified as the contact area of the two materials involved.
 𝐴⊥
Axial Stress

Shear Stress 𝐴∥

Bearing Stress
𝐴𝐶
2.) Bending/Flexural Stress
The Strength of the material when subjected to a rotational force whose rotation orientation is
perpendicular to the cross-sectional area of the material. This occurs when the resultant of the internal
loads on the sectioned plane is no anymore passing through the centroid of the section. Normally
encountered in sagging materials.
3.) Torsional Stress
Strength of the material when twisted about its longitudinal axis.
4.) Thermal Stress
the stress which corresponds to the material subjected to temperature change.
Bending/Flexural Stress

Torsional Stress

Thermal Stress
 Metric English
𝑘𝑔 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔
𝑁 𝑙𝑏
𝐿𝑏𝑠 𝐿𝑏𝑠
𝑃𝑎, 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑜𝑟 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑝𝑠𝑓) 𝑜𝑟 2
(𝑝𝑠𝑖)
𝑓𝑡 2 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
𝑁. 𝑚 𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏
𝐽/𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑊 (𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡) 𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏/𝑠𝑒𝑐

Note: 𝑁 Note:
1 𝑃𝑎 = 2 1 𝐿𝑏 = 4.45 𝑁 1 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔 = 14.59 𝑘𝑔
𝑚
1 𝑚 = 3.28 𝑓𝑡
𝑁
1 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 1 𝑓𝑡 = 12 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
𝑚𝑚2

𝑔 = 9.81 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝑔 = 32.2 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2

9
℉= ℃𝑥 + 32 Prefix:
5
𝐾 = ℃ + 273.15 G (giga) = 𝑥109
𝑅 = ℉ + 459.67 M (mega) = 𝑥106
K (kilo) = 𝑥103
Problem No. 1
Convert 2 lb/𝑖𝑛2 to lb/𝑓𝑡 2 and MPa.
Solution:

Problem No. 2
Convert the quantities 300 lb-s and 52 slug/𝑓𝑡 3 to appropriate SI units.

Solution:
 Axial Stress
Problem No. 3
A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of 100 mm must carry a tensile load of 400 kN.
Determine the outside diameter of the tube if the stress is limited to 120 MN/𝑚2 .
.
Solution: 𝑇 = 400 𝑘𝑁

𝑇 = 400 𝑘𝑁
Problem No. 4
A homogeneous 800 kg bar AB is supported at either end by a cable as shown in the figure.
Calculate the smallest area of each cable if the stress is not to exceed 90 MPa in bronze and 120
MPa in steel.

Solution:

Bronze
Steel
𝐿 =4𝑚
𝐿 =3𝑚

A 10 𝑚 B
Problem No. 5
The homogeneous bar shown in the figure is supported by a smooth pin at C and a cable
that runs from A to B around the smooth peg at D. Find the stress in the cable if its diameter is
0.6 inches and the bar weighs 6000 lb.

Solution:

3𝑚

A 5𝑚 B 5𝑚 C
Problem No. 6
For the truss shown in the figure, calculate the stresses in members CE, DE, and DF. The
cross-sectional area of each member is 1.8 in2. Indicate tension (T) or compression (C).

Solution:
Problem No. 7
A rod is composed of an aluminum section rigidly attached between steel and bronze
sections, as shown in the figure. Axial loads are applied at the positions indicated. If P = 3000 lb
and the cross-sectional area of the rod is 0.5𝑖𝑛2 , determine the stress in each section in ksi

Solution:
St Al Br
4𝑃 𝑃

2𝑓𝑡 2.5𝑓𝑡
Problem No. 8
An aluminum rod is rigidly attached between a steel rod and a bronze rod as shown in the
figure. Axial loads are applied at the positions indicated. Find the maximum value of P that will
not exceed stress in steel of 140 MPa, in aluminum of 90 MPa, or in bronze of 100 MPa.

Solution:
St Al Br
4𝑃 𝑃 2𝑃

2.5𝑚 2𝑚 1.5𝑚
Problem No. 9
An aluminum rod is rigidly attached between a steel rod and a bronze rod as shown in the
figure. Axial loads are applied at the positions indicated. Find the maximum value of P that will
not exceed stress in steel of 140 MPa, in aluminum of 90 MPa, or in bronze of 100 MPa.

Solution:

B C
A 50°
30°

W
Assignment No. 1
The homogeneous bar ABCD shown in Fig. P-114 is supported by a cable that runs from A
to B around the smooth peg at E, a vertical cable at C, and a smooth inclined surface at D.
Determine the mass of the heaviest bar that can be supported if the stress in each cable is
limited to 100 MPa. The area of the cable AB is 250 mm2 and that of the cable at C is 300 mm2.