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Real Expository Essay: Weight Loss and Exercise

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Weight loss and Exercise

Ketsaraporn Kongsuwan 6380287

Mahidol University International College

Dr. Sarah O’Malley

Nov 27, 2020


Have you ever heard about the rule of fat loss that “80% nutrition and 20% working out”?

In today’s modern society, healthy lifestyles are the top priority and well-known trend for all

ages of people. The process of weight loss requires an understanding of both healthy eating and

exercise. Incorporating more physical activities and monitoring food consumption has many

benefits to the overall system of the human body, including enhancing the metabolic rate,

increasing lean body mass, and reducing the risk of diabetes.

To begin with, a remarkable advantage of eating healthy food and exercise is that it

increases metabolic rate. When people gain more muscles, daily calorie requirements are

increased. In fact, increased metabolic rates influence people to burn energy quicker in daily life.

For this reason, people are more likely to consume greater amounts of daily calories. However,

the type of exercise people engage in is an essential part. According to the study of Medicine &

Science in Sports & Exercise (2001), men burned an average of 519 calories from cycling hard

for 45 minutes during the exercise and about another 193 calories in the next 14 hours (as cited

in Allen et al., 2015). This means high-intensity training (HIIT) is an effective strategy due to the

after-burn effect. Therefore, the combination of lifting weights and HIIT programs is the best

strategy for boosting metabolism and losing weight in the long term. Furthermore, the kinds of

diet plans play a role in boosting metabolism. Josiemer Mattei, PhD, MPH, an associate

professor of nutrition at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health examines several

common diet plans. However, it is suggested that a balanced diet is the safest approach, when

compared to a low-calorie diet (restrictive diet). The extreme calorie deficit by cutting

approximately 300-800 calories per day decreases the resting metabolic rate (Martin et al., 2007).
As a result, it adversely affects metabolism and hormones. Hence, the best way to speed up

metabolism is by adhering to a balanced diet and training.

Furthermore, having a healthy diet and a manageable exercise plan help to increase lean

body mass. Basically, the weight will decrease if the daily calorie intake does not exceed the

calorie expenditure. People are recommended to increase protein intake to stay fulfilled,

especially lean meat, such as chicken breast, turkey, and salmon. Mettler et al. (2010) indicate

that intakes slightly greater than 1 gram of protein per kilogram (2.3 grams per kg or

approximately 35% energy protein) are best for maintenance of lean muscle and prevention of

lean mass losses during short-term weight loss. As it provides sufficient nutrition, but low in

calories. As a result, people tend to not have nutritional deficiencies while they follow diet plans.

Some people avoid consuming fat in an attempt to lose fats, however, healthy fat is a necessary

source. According to Wang et al. (2015), an avocado that contains healthy fat, known as

monounsaturated fat, helps to reduce bad cholesterol (LDLs) in people’s blood. Hence,

maintaining a balanced diet from natural whole food is the necessary key for leanness. Despite

following a diet, physical activities also have a big impact on the reduction of fat. In other words,

eating healthy food without performing physical activities, does not ensure that people will gain

muscles and lose the percentage of fat in the body. Weight training has been shown to be more

potential in reducing body fat and gaining muscle mass when compared to aerobic exercise

(Demling & DeSanti, 2000). Cardiovascular exercise is still necessary, though. Low-intensity

exercise, such as walking, swimming, and cycling. Researchers point out that this type of cardio

has a strong ability in fat burning because fat is used instead of glycogen from muscles in the

body. As a result, low-intensity exercise is more beneficial than HIIT at improving fat
distribution (Keating et al., 2014 ). Thus, the long-term method of building lean muscle and

reducing fat is to make sure to gain adequate nutrition from a variety of food and exercise.

Another significant advantage of exercise and healthy eating is that​​it prevents the risk of

diabetes. When people regularly engage in exercise, it can lower the risk of a common type of

diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes. There are many kinds of workout in decreasing insulin

resistance and blood sugar for overweight adults. These include aerobic exercises, like HIIT and

resistance training. In overweight adults, Rynders et al. (2014) estimate that about 51% of insulin

sensitivity is increased by moderate-intensity exercise, and 85% is increased by high-intensity

exercise. This study indicated that HIIT is the most beneficial type of workout for the treatment

of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. If people are performing physical activities regularly, people

will experience a decrease in insulin resistance. In other words, people who follow exercise plans

tend to have increased insulin sensitivity. However, a well-balanced diet is another important

factor that lowers the likelihood of developing diabetes. The high consumption of refined carbs

and sugar, otherwise known as processed food, can significantly lead to developing diabetes.

Meanwhile, natural whole food, like vegetables, white meat, and good fat retard diabetes

development. In the study, approximately 3000 individuals whose age is between 18 to 89 years

old result in higher levels of insulin and blood glucose due to red meat consumption, although

they are non-diabetic people (Panagiotakos et al., 2005). Because most processed meats are

converted to nitrosamines, which is a toxic substance that increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes.

This evidence showed that adherence to processed red meat has adverse effects on insulin in

people with or without diabetes. Thus, a healthy dietary and physical activities have minimal risk

of Type 2 diabetes.
In conclusion, the benefits of long-term healthy dietary and exercise plans have many

infinitely positive outcomes as it enables people to have a well functioning metabolism system,

shredded body shape, and combat dangerous diseases like diabetes Type 2. Consequently, people

will be able to have sustainable health and longevity due to the consistency of adherence to diet

and exercise patterns.


References

Allen, I., Court, B., Masters, M. (2015, May 4). Does Exercise Make You Want to Eat More?.

Men’s Health. https://www.menshealth.com/fitness/a19539938/exercise-and-metabolism/

Demling, R. H., & DeSanti, L. (2000). Effect of a Hypocaloric Diet, Increased Protein Intake and

Resistance Training on Lean Mass Gains and Fat Mass Loss in Overweight Police

Officers. Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism, 44(1), 21-29.

https://doi.org/10.2307/48506948

Keating, S. E., Machan, E. A., O’Connor, H. T., Gerofi, J. A., Sainsbury, A., Caterson, I. D.,

Johnson, N. A. (2014). Continuous Exercise but Not High Intensity Interval Training

Improves Fat Distribution in Overweight Adults. Journal of Obesity, Article e834865.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/834865

Martin, C.K., Heilbronn, L.K., de Jonge, L., DeLany, J.P., Volaufova, J., Anton, S.D., Redman,

L.M., Smith, S.R. and Ravussin, E. (2007). Effect of Calorie Restriction on Resting

Metabolic Rate and Spontaneous Physical Activity. Obesity, 15(2), 2964-2973.

https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.354
METTLER, S., MITCHELL, N., TIPTON, K. D. (2010). Increased Protein Intake Reduces Lean

Body Mass Loss during Weight Loss in Athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports &

Exercise, 42(2), 326-337. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b2ef8e

Panagiotakos, D. B., Tzima, N., Pitsavos, C., Chrysohoou, C., Papakonstantinou, E., Zampelas,

A., & Stefanadis, C. (2005). The relationship between dietary habits, blood glucose and

insulin levels among people without cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes; the

ATTICA study. The review of diabetic studies : RDS, 2(4), 208-215.

https://doi.org/10.1900/RDS.2005.2.208

Rynders, C. A., Weltman, J. Y., Jiang, B., Breton, M., Patrie, J., Barrett, E. J., & Weltman, A.

(2014). Effects of exercise intensity on postprandial improvement in glucose disposal and

insulin sensitivity in prediabetic adults. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and

metabolism, 99(1), 220-228. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-2687

Wang, L., Bordi, P. L., Fleming, J. A., Hill, A. M., Kris-Etherton, P. M. (2015). Effect of a

Moderate Fat Diet With and Without Avocados on Lipoprotein Particle Number, Size and

Subclasses in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of

Obesity, 4(1), Article e001355. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.114.001355

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