SHEAR STRESS PROBLEMS

What force is required to punch a 20-mm-diameter hole in a plate that is 25 mm thick? The
shear strength is 350 MN/m2.
As in Fig. 1-11c, a hole is to be punched out of a plate having a shearing strength of 40 ksi. The
compressive stress in the punch is limited to 50 ksi. (a) Compute the maximum thickness of
plate in which a hole 2.5 inches in diameter can be punched. (b) If the plate is 0.25 inch thick,
determine the diameter of the smallest hole that can be punched.
Find the smallest diameter bolt that can be used in the clevis shown in Fig. 1-11b if P = 400 kN.
The shearing strength of the bolt is 300 MPa.

A 200-mm-diameter pulley is prevented from rotating relative to 60-mm-diameter shaft by a

70-mm-long key, as shown in Fig. P-118. If a torque T = 2.2 kN·m is applied to the shaft,
determine the width b if the allowable shearing stress in the key is 60 MPa.
Compute the shearing stress in the pin at B for the member supported as shown in Fig.
P-119. The pin diameter is 20 mm.
Two blocks of wood, width w and thickness t, are glued together along the joint inclined
at the angle θ as shown in Fig. P-122. Using the free-body diagram concept in Fig. 1-4a,
show that the shearing stress on the glued joint is τ = P sin 2θ / 2A, where A is the
cross-sectional area.
A rectangular piece of wood, 50 mm by 100 mm in cross section, is used as a
compression block shown in Fig. P-123. Determine the axial force P that can be safely
applied to the block if the compressive stress in wood is limited to 20 MN/m2 and the
shearing stress parallel to the grain is limited to 5MN/m2. The grain makes an angle of
20° with the horizontal, as shown. (Hint: Use the results in Problem 122.)
BEARING STRESS
In Fig. 1-12, assume that a 20-mm-diameter rivet joins the plates that are each 110 mm
wide. The allowable stresses are 120 MPa for bearing in the plate material and 60 MPa
for shearing of rivet. Determine (a) the minimum thickness of each plate; and (b) the
largest average tensile stress in the plates.
The lap joint shown in Fig. P-126 is fastened by four ¾-in.-diameter rivets. Calculate the
maximum safe load P that can be applied if the shearing stress in the rivets is limited to
14 ksi and the bearing stress in the plates is limited to 18 ksi. Assume the applied load is
uniformly distributed among the four rivets.
In the clevis shown in Fig. 1-11b, find the minimum bolt diameter and the minimum
thickness of each yoke that will support a load P = 14 kips without exceeding a shearing
stress of 12 ksi and a bearing stress of 20 ksi.
Figure P-130 shows a roof truss and the detail of the riveted connection at joint B. Using
allowable stresses of τ = 70 MPa and σb= 140 MPa, how many 19-mm-diameter rivets
are required to fasten member BC to the gusset plate? Member BE? What is the largest
average tensile or compressive stress in BC and BE?
A 7/8-in.-diameter bolt, having a diameter at the root of the threads of 0.731 in., is used
to fasten two timbers together as shown in Fig. P-129. The nut is tightened to cause a
tensile stress of 18 ksi in the bolt. Compute the shearing stress in the head of the bolt
and in the threads. Also, determine the outside diameter of the washers if their inside
diameter is 9/8 in. and the bearing stress is limited to 800 psi.

Given:
Diameter of bolt = 7/8 inch
Diameter at the root of the thread (bolt) = 0.731 inch
Inside diameter of washer = 9/8 inch
Tensile stress in the nut = 18 ksi
Bearing stress = 800 psi
Required:
Shearing stress in the head of the bolt
Shearing stress in threads of the bolt
Outside diameter of the washer
FLUID STATICS

DENSITY
Problem 1: A single kilogram of water fills acube of length 0.1 m. What is the density
ofwater?

Problem 2: Gold has a density of 19,320kg/m3. How much volume does a

singlekilogram of gold occupy?

Problem 3: Fresh water has a density of 1000 kg/m3.Which of the following materials
will float on water?
a. Ice (ρ=917 kg/m3)
b. Magnesium (ρ=1740 kg/m3)
c. Cork (ρ=250 kg/m3)
d. Glycerol (ρ=1261 kg/m3

Problem 4: Determine the volume of a 432 Nlion in gallons if the density of mammals
isroughly the same as of water.
SPECIFIC WEIGHT
Problem 1: Determine the specific weight(lbf/ft3) of an oak beam 10m by 20cm by 4mof
mass 58 kg.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Problem 1: A cylinder of plastic is 100 mm long,and 50 mm in diameter. It has a mass of
1 kg.Determine its specific gravity and indicatewhether it would float or sink in water.

Suppose that a cube composed of a mysterious substance is hanging from a string while
also submerged in water. If the cube is not moving and has a side length of 8cm and the
tension in the string is equal to 15N, what is the specific gravity of this mysterious
substance?

ρwater=1g/cm^3

BULK MODULUS/COEFFICIENT OF COMPRESSIBILITY

Problem 1: A solid rubber ball has its volumereduced by 14.5% when subjected to
uniformstress of 1.45x104 N/m2. Find the bulk modulusfor rubber in bar.
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
Example 1: If your tire gauge reads 34 psi,what is its absolute value?

Example 2: A pressure gauge measures thereading as 29 psi. If the atmospheric pressure

is13 psi. Compute the absolute pressure thatcorresponds to this gauge pressure reading.

Example 3: The psia pressure instrument gives thereading as 36.8 psi. If the
atmospheric pressure is 16psi, then calculate the corresponding gauge pressure.
VARIATION OF PRESSURE WITH DEPTH
Problem 1: The pressure at the top of a pipe full ofwater is 101 pascals. What is the
change in pressurebetween the top and the bottom of the pipe, 3.4meters lower?

Problem 2: One end of a 50-meter-long hose is attached tothe bottom of a large basin
full of water. How many metersbelow the top of the basin must the hose outlet
bepositioned for the water pressure at the outlet to be 18,000pascals?

Problem 3: While diving with a friend, you notethat the water pressure at your current
depth is130,000 pascals. If you swim up another 2.5meters, what is the water pressure?
Problem 4: A pressurized tank for a rocketcontains 205 kg of kerosene, which has a
volumeof 0.250m3. The pressure at the top of thekerosene is 2.01 x105 Pa. The kerosene
exerts aforce of 16.4 kN on the tank’s bottom, which hasan area of 0.0700 m2. What is
the depth of thekerosene?
PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE
Example 1: Two pistons of a hydraulic lift havediameters of 60 cm and 5 cm. What is the
forceexerted by the larger piston when 50 N is placedon the smaller piston?

Example 2: The small piston of a hydraulic lift hasan area of 0.20 m2 . A car weighing
1.2 x 104 N sitson a rack mounted on the large piston. The largepiston has an area of
0.90 m2 . How large forcemust be applied to the small piston to supportthe car?
SIM ACTIVITIES
Problem 1
A bar measures 12 mm x 20 mm x 1 m. It has a specific gravity of 2.78. Determine its
mass.

Problem 2
Calculate the pressure on the top lid of a chest buried under 4.00 meters of mud with
density equal to 1.75 x 103 kg/m3 at the bottom of a 10.0-m-deep lake.

Problem 3
A hydraulic lift has pistons with diameters 8.00 cm and 36.0 cm, respectively. If a force
of 825 N is exerted at the input piston, what maximum mass can be lifted by the output
Piston?
Problem 4
Calculate how much of an iceberg is beneath the surface of the ocean, given that the
density of ice is 917 kg/m3 and salt water has density 1 025 kg/m3.

Problem 1
A wooden block of volume 5.24 x 10-4 m3 floats in water, and a small steel object of
mass m is placed on top of the block. When m = 0.310 kg, the system is in equilibrium,
and the top of the wooden block is at the level of the water. (a) What is the density of the
wood? (b) What happens to the block when the steel object is replaced by a second steel
object with a mass less than 0.310 kg? What happens to the block when the steel object
is replaced by yet another steel object with a mass greater than 0.310 kg?
Problem 2
The deepest point in the ocean is in the Mariana Trench, about 11 km deep. The pressure
at the ocean floor is huge, about 1.13 x 108 N/m2. (a) Calculate the change in volume of
1.00 m3 of water carried from the surface to the bottom of the Pacific. (b) The density of
water at the surface is 1.03 3 103 kg/m3. Find its density at the bottom. (c) Explain
whether or when it is a good approximation to think of water as incompressible.
ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE
A spherical ball of density ρ=0.70kg/L has a radius of r=10cm. If the ball is placed on
the surface of water and released, how much of the ball becomes submerged in the
water?

If a 100kg object with a volume of 1m^3 is submerged 2meters below water, what is the
net force acting on the object

ρwater=1000kg/m3

A ball of mass 4kg is lightly dropped into a tub with a base of 1m^2. After it sinks to the
bottom, the water rises by 2.5mm. Determine the density of the ball.
How much of an iceberg is submerged below the water if the density of ice is 917
kg/m^3 and the density of water is 1000 km/m^3?