Coding Decoding

LOGICAL REASONING

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Coding Decoding

Coding is a process that is used to encrypt a word in a particular pattern following some set of rules.

Decoding is a process to decrypt the given code into its original form.

Positional value of Alphabets:

Real-life Example:
Suppose one Indian soldier wants to send an encrypted message to another Indian army i.e. “NJTTPO CNMD”.
Another soldier from a different county tries to read it but cannot.

The Indian soldier wants to say “MISSON DONE”

If we decode it

M+1=N

I+1=J

S+1=T

S+1=T

O+1=P

N+1=O

And

C+1=D

N+1=O

M+1=N

D+1=E

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Concept:
The alphabet with their positional value-

Positional value of Alphabets in forwarding direction: -

Positional value of Alphabets in Backward direction: -

Memory Tip
“EJOTY” will help you to find nearby letters quickly.

This follows the pattern of multiple of 5

E J O T Y

5 10 15 20 25

Vowel series:- A, E, I, O, U

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Testbook Trick
Also we have some tricks to remember positional values of many letters of alphabet:

Letters Trick to remember Positional value

B Bittu B-2

Duffer
D D-4
Du + FER (4)

F FIX-SIX F-6

G G-7

H H- 8

I I-9

K K-11

L L-12

N N - 14

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Letters Trick to remember Positional value

Seven teens in Queue

Q Q-17

R R-18

T T-20

U U-21

UV radiation - ultraviolet radiation

V V - 22
U -21, V - 22

W W-23

X X-24

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Covered Topics
1. Letter to Letter Coding

2. Letter to Number Coding

3. Substitutional Coding

4. Chinese Coding/Fictitious Coding

Letter to Letter Coding

Letter Coding

Summation Subtraction Multiplication Crossing

Operation value is Alphabets are arranged in

multiplied formed of jumbled order, Crossing has
the Positional value of happened.
the reference alphabets
When the positional values When the positional values then Multiplication has
of the alphabets are in of the alphabets are in happened.
Increasing Order. Decreasing Order.

Ex: In a certain code

Ex: If CRICKET is coded Ex: If the code for JDHY
Ex: If KIRAN is coded LJSBO language, if QUIET is
BQHBJDS is given as 11122426
written as VRJUF

Logic is- Logic is- Logic is- QUIET is written as VRJUF:

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Some Important Logic

If “VISDTRY” is written as “DIJDBIG”.

Number Coding
Number Coding

When a small digit number is provided When a large digit number is provided

The logic would be-

a) Multiplied value of the resultant number with a
particular number.
Then this might be the sum of the positional value of EX: The code for STYRD is coded as 430
alphabets.
The sum of positional value of STYRD is 19 + 20 + 25 +
EX: If "DFRTE" is coded as "53”. 18 + 4 = 86
Logic : "DFRTE" = 4 + 6 + 18 + 20 + 5 = 53 Then multiply the value with the number of the letters
Sometimes, the sum of the positional value of opposite i.e. 86 × 5 = 430
alphabets is provided. b) Square of the resultant number.
The opposite values of D = 23, F = 21, R = 9, T = 7 and E = 22 EX: The code for STYRD is coded as 7396
DFRTE = 23 + 21 + 9 + 7 + 22 = 82 The sum of positional value of STYRD is 19 + 20 + 25 +
18 + 4 = 86
Then multiply the value with the number of the letters
i.e. 86 × 86 = 7396

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Some Common Logic for Letter to Letter and Letter to Number

1. Opposite/ Reverse Positional Value

Opposite / Reverse Positional Value is the summation of the two alphabet letters is 27.

EX: A is the opposite of Z (A + Z = 27)

2. Prime Numbers / Vowel

Sometimes, the operations have been done in prime numbers and Vowel.

EX: If the code for PQTWO is 2022242819

We add +5 to the positional value of the letter which is a prime number and adds +4 to the composite
number.

3. When the digits of the alphabet are added.

EX: If “VISDTRY” is written as “DIJDBIG”

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Substitutional Coding
In this section, words are encrypted or coded with the substitute word.

Example:

Q: If ‘eye’ is called ‘hand’ , ‘hand’ is called ‘mouth’, ‘mouth’ is called ‘ear’, ‘ear’ is called ‘nose’ and ‘nose’ is
called ‘tongue’, then with which of the following would a person hear?

A: The logic follows here is:-

A person hear from the ‘ear’

But ‘ear’ is called as ‘nose’

Thus, the correct answer is ‘nose’.

Chinese Coding
In this section, a few statements consisting of same words but in different order will be coded as words or
symbols or letters and you need to find the codes of words by finding the common words in different state-
ments as the code of a word in both the statement will be same.

Example:

In a certain code '754' means 'lake is sea', 582 means 'ocean is river' and '809' means 'ocean and pond' then
what will be the code for 'river'?

Code for '5' is "is".

Code for '8' is "ocean".

Code for 'river' is "2".

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Some Important Examples

Q) if the code for "RTWSR" is written as "2220282122" then what is the code for "BDGHT"?

1. 64112311

2. 64122311

3. 64112310

4. 64112111

Answer: 2

Solution:

Similarly we get-

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Hence, the correct answer is "64122311".

Q) If the code for "TEACUP" is "25437" and "DOGKLP" is "191828". Then what is the code for "HTRUBP"?

1. 283916

2. 263918

3. 283816

4. 283918

Answer: 4

Solution:

The code for "TEACUP" is

The code for "DOGKLP" is

Hence, the code for "HTRUBP"

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The correct answer is "283918".

Q) In a code language, MUSIC is coded as NFHRX; TONIC is coded as GLMRX; and BOOST is coded as
YLLHG. Then, how would MOIST be coded in that language?

1. NRSGH

2. NMSGH

3. MNRGH

4. NLRHG

Answer: 4

Solution: For this question, we will use the table given below-

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Here Opposite pairs are coded with each other like-

MUSIC is coded as NFHRX:

TONIC is coded as GLMRX

BOOST is coded as YLLHG

Similarly,

Now MOIST will be coded as NLRHG

Hence, Option (4) is correct.

Q) In a certain code language, 'get up and go' is written as 'fa ka la ju', 'jump up and dance' is written as 'lu
la hu fa', 'go there jump here' is written as 'na lu fu ka' and 'and there you come' is written as 'na tu ya la'.
How will 'get up go there' be written as in that language?

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1. fu ya ka na

2. fa ju la ka

3. fa ya ka na

4. fa ju ka na

Answer: 4

Solution:

Code of each word is shown below:

The code of 'get up go there' be written as:

get - ju

up - fa

go - ka

there - na

Hence, ‘fa ju ka na’ is the correct answer.

Q) In a certain code language, if 'TABLE' is written as "VEDNI' and "CHAIR' is written as 'EJEMT', then how is
the word 'BENCE' would be written in that language?

1. DIPFJ

2. DGPEJ

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3. DIPEI

4. DGPFT

Answer: 3

Solution:

Given: 'TABLE' is written as "VEDNI' and "CHAIR' is written as 'EJEMT'.

The logic followed here is:
(1) Vowels + 4
(2) Consonants + 2

And,

Similarly,

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Hence, DIPEI is the correct answer.

Q) In a certain code language, 'MAPED' is coded as '64' and 'RECK' is coded as '41'. How will 'NOSE' be coded as in that lan-
guage?

1. 82

2. 52

3. 63

4. 57

Answer: 4

Solution:
The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern for this code is as follows;

LOGIC: Sum of positional value + (Number of Letters)1 or 2

If the number of letters is even then power is 1.

If the number of letters is odd then power is 2.

In MAPED:

Number of letter = 5 (Odd)

MAPED = (13 + 1 + 16 + 5 + 4) + 52

= 39 + 25

= 64

And;

In RECK:

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Number of letter = 4 (Even)

RECK = (18 + 5 + 3 + 11) + 4

= 37 + 4

= 41

Similarly;

In NOSE:

Number of letter = 4 (Even)

NOSE = (14 + 15 + 19 + 5) + 4

= 53 + 4

= 57

Hence, "57" is the correct answer.

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