ASSIGNMENT

SUBMITTED BY: NIDA MARYAM

SUBMITED TO: SIR HAFIZ MUNEER

ROLL NO.: F20NMATH1E01002

SESSION: 2020-2024
SEMESTER: 4TH BS (EVENING)
SUBJECT: BASIC STATISTICS

Islamia University Bahawalpur Bahawalnagar Campus

 STATICS
Lecture 1st.
Statistics Is A Science Of Conducting Studies. Is Is Branch Of Mathematics Dealing With
Collection, Organizing, Summarizing, Analyzing, And Draw Conclusion From Data.

At The End Derived Essence From This Data. We Shape In Tabular From Or Graphical
From Presentation.

Example :
 It Was Reported, 15% And 20% Students Of Universities Or Colleges
Respectively Feel Stress Due To Their Grades.
 It Is Reported That Attitude Of Girls Towards Higher Studies Is
Increasing More As Compare To Boys Form The Last Decade.

Why We Study Statistics?

 Statistics Is Science And Art Of Learning.
 It Is The Action Of Disciplinary Procedure.
 As Well As We Have Effective Communication Presentation Of The
Result, Qualitative And Quantitative Reasoning To Make It Important,
In The Line Of Advance Study Of Science, Medicine, Etc.

Speciphic Terminologies Which We Use Statistics

 Variables
 Data
 Population
 Sample
 Random Variable
Variables: Characteristics Or Attributes That Can Assume Different
Values.
 Data: These Values In Formal Form Or Informal Form Are Called
Data.
Population: All The Subjects That Are Studied.
Sample: Subject Of Population.
Random Variable: Variables Whose Values Are Determined By
Chance Is Called Random Variable.

Lecture 3 Rd

 Definitions :

Statistics: It Is Learning Of Facts And Figures.

Data: It Is The Collection Of Facts And Figures.

Data:
 As Collection Point Of View
 As Analytically And Numerically

Collection Point Of View

 Primary
 Secondary

Analytically And Numerically

 Qualitative
 Quantitative

Quantitative
 Discrete
 Continuous

Bases Of Discrete Continuous

Ncompariso

Meaning It Has Clear Spaces It Is Fall On A

Between Values Continuous
Example: Strength Of Sequence. It Means
Students With In A Fall With A Range.
Class. Example: Height,
Speed Of Train
Weight.

Nature Countable Measurable

Values It Can Take Only It Can Take Any

Distinct Separable Value. Values In Some
Interval.

Graphical
Representation
 Bar Graph 5
Histogram
6 4
5 3
4 2
3 1
2 0
1
0

Tabulation Is Ungrouped Frequency Grouped

Distribution Frequency
Known As Distribution

Classification Mutually Inclusive Mutually Exclusive

(Overlap, Possible To (No Overlapping)
Happen At The Same
Time).

Function Graph Shows Isolated Points. Shows Connected

Points.

Lecture 5th:

Random Variable
Continuous RV
Discrete RV
Continuous Is Represented By
∫ by a Continues Graph And We Use For Discrete To Rv
Solve By Integral. Sign Of ∑ ¿is represented By
Graph.
Contnous graph
Discrete

What Is Small F(X) And Capital F(X) Meaning Is Rv?

(1) F (X) →Probability Mass Function (Pmf), Also Known As

Probability Deusity Function (Pdf)
F (X) → Pmf→ Pdf→ df
F (X)→Cummulative Distribution Function (Cdf) =Df
These Are Interconnected
dF (x)
= F(X) Similarly F(X) Dx = F(X)
dx

Question 1:-
F(X) =Kx2 ,0<X<3
P (1<X<2)
Sol:
  It Is Crv
 Finding K

∫ f ( x ) dx =1 [ Formula ]
−∞

|
3 2
∫ k x 2=1 = k3x 3=1
0
0

27
= 3 K = 9k =1
1
K= 9
1
Now We Have F (X) = 9 X2 ; 0<X<3
2 2
x2
 P [1<X<2] = ∫ f ( x ) dx=¿∫ 9 dx ¿
1 1

1 x3 1 8 1 7
 9 [ 3 ]2 = 9 [ 3 - 3 ] = 27

Question No 2:
2 −x
f ( x )=k x e , x ≥ 0

We Have To Find Mean And Variance.

Solution:
Continue RV
∝

∫ f ( x ) dx =1
−∝

K=?
Consider
 ∝

∫ K x 2 e−x dx=1
0

∝
k ∫ x e dx=1
2 −x

. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . ..
1
k=
2
∝
mean=∫ x f ( x ) dx
0

∝
1 3 −x
mean=E ( x )=∫ x e dx
0 2

Integration By Parts
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
E ( x )=3

varience=E ( x2 ) −(E ( x ) )
2

2
¿ ?−(3)

Now For E( x )
2

∝
E ( x )=∫ x f ( x ) dx
2 2

0
 ∝
1 4 −4
¿ ∫ x e dx
0 2

∝
1
¿
20
∫ x 4 e−x dx

Integration By Parts
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
E ( x 2 )=12

Now We Know Variance

¿ E ( x 2 )−(E ( x ))
2

¿ 12−9

¿3

Hence Mean=3 And Variance=3

Conditional Probability
Probability A On The Base Of B.
p (A ∩B)
p ¿)¿
P (B)

Which Is Called Conditional Probability.

Question No 1:
Prove Conditional Probability By An
Example.
Solution:

Consider,
We Are Throwing Three Coins.
Let A= At Last Appears Trail.
B= At Least Appear Two Heads.
Hence The Sample Space, Where Are Throwing Three
Coins.
S={ HHH , HTH , THH , HHT , THT ,TTH , HTT ,TTT }=8
That,
A={ HHT }=1

B= { HHH , HHT , THH , HTH }=4

1
p ( A )=
8

4
p ( B )=
8

1
p ( B )=
2

1
p ( A ∩B )=
8
Now We Know The Conditional Probability.
A A∩B
P( )=p ( )
B P ( B)

1
1 8
=
4 1
2

1 2 1
¿ × =
8 1 4

1 1
=
4 4

Hence Proved R.H.S=L.H.S

Bays Theorem:
P ( B| A ) × P( A)
P ( A|B )=
P (B)

As We That CB.
P( A ∩ B)
P ( A|B )=
P( B)

P ( A|B ) . P ( B )=P( A ∩ B)…………………(1)

P( B ∩ A )
P ( B| A )=
P (A )

P ( B| A ) . P ( A ) =P (B ∪ A)………………(2)

By (1) & (2) Comparing

P ( A|B ) . P ( B )=P ( B| A ) . P( A )
 P ( B| A ) . P( A)
P ( A|B )=
P(B)

Which Is Bays Theorem

The End