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STS Unit 1 Intellectual Revolution

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176 views39 pages

STS Unit 1 Intellectual Revolution

Uploaded by

Mikaella Aya Madrona
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Science, technology

And society
Unit 1: lesson 5
Intellectual revolutions that
defined society
Intellectual revolution

Intellectual revolutions can be defined as the historical changes in


the thoughts, beliefs and social institutions due to new ideas and
principles.

When science and technology are the center of an intellectual


revolution, it can be called a Scientific revolution.

(Note: ‘Scientific revolution’ may also refer to the historical period


when science became more important and influential during the
Middle Ages.)
Intellectual revolution

Copernicus darwin freud


Copernican Revolution
Nicholas Copernicus (1472-1543)
• Astronomer and mathematician
• Adopted the “heliocentric model”
suggesting the idea that the sun is
the center of the solar system.
• Published an essay ”On the
Revolution of Heavenly Spheres”
Copernican Revolution
Copernican Revolution
Copernicus’ work laid the foundation for succeeding scientists to do
revolutionary things. His successors were Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler,
and Galileo Galilei. These scientists made it possible to understand and
explain many phenomena in the universe in a mathematical way. The
findings of Copernicus, along with his successors, changed the society’s
views about astronomy and made it more acceptable.
Darwinian revolution
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Charles Darwin was an English
scientist whose works, Origin of
Species and Decent of Man,
discussed his ideas on evolution of
species and mankind.

Darwin’s works were controversial


Especially to creationists and to the
religious.
Darwinian revolution
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Theory of Evolution
• Suggested that all organisms are
related and have descended from
a common ancestor.
• Explains that complex creatures
evolved naturally from simplistic
ancestors over time.
• Proposed the “natural selection”,
organisms survived due to random
genetic mutations leading to the
preservation of their descendants.
Darwinian revolution
freudian revolution
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
• Sigmund Freud was an Austrian
neurologist whose works in
psychology are considered
revolutionary.
• Explained how human mind works
and cure its mild mental illness.
• Father of Psychoanalysis.
• He also developed topographical
and structural model of the mind to
explain the sources of human
behavior.
freudian revolution
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Freud proposed psychoanalysis as a
scientific method to understand the mind.

Although today, many scientists consider


Freud’s works as pseudoscience because of
insufficient evidence and failure to be
proven accurately. However, he is still
considered revolutionary because he
changed how society viewed the human
self.
freudian revolution
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Freud rejected the idea from
‘Enlightenment’ that humans are rational
and can control his emotions and drives
through reasoning.

Freud suggested otherwise, saying that


humans have a subconscious and
unconscious mind which may control
emotions, drives and behavior.
freudian revolution
Topographical Model of the Mind
freudian revolution
Structural Model of the Mind
Id Works to satisfy basic needs, urges, and desires.
-Pleasure Principle
Superego Composed of people’s internalized ideas acquired
from parents and society.
Works to suppress the urges of id and tries to
make the ego behave normally, rather than
realistically.
-morality principle
Ego Ego mediates the demands of id, superego, and
reality.
Works to satisfy the id’s desire in a manner that is
realistic and socially appropriate.
-Reality Principle
freudian revolution
Why do you think most
intellectual ideas are
controversial?
Why did the people accept these
new discoveries despite being
contradictory to what was
widely accepted at that time?
Intellectual revolution in mesoamerica
Intellectual revolution in mesoamerica

Incas between c. 1400 and 1533 CE.


The Inca Civilization is known for their paved roads, irrigation
systems, and quipo, a record system using knotted ropes.
Inca priests who were in charge of healing, practiced a type of
surgery called trephination.
Intellectual revolution in asia

India
The Indian civilization is known for steel works. They are also known for their
system of traditional medicine known as Ayurveda.

Indonesia
The Indonesians learned to construct Candis in the 8th century. Candis are religious
structures with both Buddhist and Hindu heritage, mostly built from 8th to 15th
Centuries.

Japan
The Japanese developed the traditional kampo medicine which had Chinese origins.
Intellectual revolution in middle east and africa
Intellectual revolution in middle east and africa
Intellectual revolution in middle east and africa
Intellectual revolution in middle east and africa
Information revolution
Information revolution
Information revolution
Information revolution
Information revolution
Information revolution
WHAT ARE SOME OF THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE

IMPACTS OF Information revolution TO THE

GOVERNMENT, ECONOMY, SOCIETY, OR TO YOU?


Information revolution
Information revolution
Information revolution
Information revolution
Quiz next meeting

Unit 1

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