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A Level

A Level Mathematics
C1 Polynomials (Answers)

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Total Marks: /87

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1. x2 + 4x + 1


x−2 x + 2x2 − 7x − 2
3

− x3 + 2x2
4x2 − 7x
− 4x2 + 8x
x−2
−x+2
0

and so the answer is x2 + 4x + 1. [2]

2. 53. [2]

3. k = 2. [3]

4. Factorise fully the following polynomials. You may need to use the factor theorem:

(a) x(x + 1)2 [2]

(b) (x − 1)(x − 2)(x − 3). [3]

(c) (x − 2)(x − 1)2 . [3]

(d) (2x − 1)(x + 1)(x + 3). [3]

(e) (x − 1)2 (x + 1)2 . [2]

5. Solve the following equations. Hint: to save time, use your answers from the previous question:

(a) x = 0 or x = −1. [2]

(b) x = 1 or x = 2 or x = 3. [3]

(c) x = −3 or x = −1 or x = 12 . [3]

6. Consider the function f (x) = ax3 + bx2 + 27x − 10, where a and b are unknown coefficients:

(a) a = 6 and b = −23. [3]

(b) f (x) = (6x − 5)(x − 1)(x − 2). [3]

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(c) x = 6 or x = 1 or x = 2. [2]

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7. Sketch the following functions, clearly indicating the points of any intersections with the axes:

(a) [2]

Figure 1: y = (x − 1)(x − 2)(x − 3)

(b) [2]

Figure 2: y = −(x − 1)(x − 2)(x − 3)

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(c) [2]

Figure 3: y = (x − 1)2 (x − 2)

(d) [2]

Figure 4: y = x(2x − 3)(x − 1)

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 8. Expand the following expressions. Hint: use Pascal’s triangle and binomial expansion:

(a) x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 4x + 1. [2]

(b) x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8. [2]

(c) 16x4 + 96x3 + 216x2 + 216x + 81. [2]

(d) 8x4 + 28x3 + 30x2 + 13x + 2. [3]

9. Evaluate the following binomial coefficients:

(a) 1. [2]

(b) 5. [2]

(c) 3. [2]

(d) 4. [2]

(e) 10. [2]

(f) 1. [2]

(g) 3. [2]

(h) 4. [2]

(i) 1. [2]

10. 8. [3]

11. 5103. [4]

12. 30375. [4]

13. To find the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of (2 − x)6 (x − 3) we first must think about how we could
get x3 terms in the final expansion. Cearly, we need to find the x2 and x3 terms in the expansion of
(2 − x)6 . The reason for this is that if we expanded (2 − x)6 then the only way we can generate x3 terms
when we multiply by (x − 3) is by an x2 term multiplied by the x or an x3 term multiplied by the −3
term. Since we are doing an expansion to the power 6, we need the 6th row of Pascal’s triangle:
1 6 15 20 15 6 1
The x2 term in this expansion is: 15 × (2)4 × (−x)2 = 240x2 .
And the x3 term is: 20 × (2)3 × (−x)3 = −160x3 .

In the final multiplication we x3 terms by: 240x2 × x = 240x3 ,

And so the coefficient of the x3 term is: 240 + 480 = 720. [5]

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