Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Ralph F. Cotas Editors: Joewel M. Armas, Rose Ann B. Pamintuan Reviewers: Liza A. Alvarez, Janeth D. Morte Illustrator: Edison P. Clet Layout Artist: Margie A. Rosario Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin OIC-Schools Division Superintendent Carolina T. Rivera, CESE OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Manuel A. Laguerta EdD Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Education Program Supervisors
Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)
Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP) Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS) Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS) Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports) Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM) Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang) Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP) Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE) Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)
Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of
Pasig City Science 6 Quarter 4 Self-Learning Module 3 Volcanic Eruptions Introductory Message For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Science 6 Self-Learning Module 3 on Volcanic Eruptions!
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-in- Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in developing this instructional resource.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. For the Learner:
Welcome to the Science 6 Self-Learning Module 3 on Volcanic Eruptions!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills
that you will learn after completing the module.
Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson
at hand.
Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts
and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.
Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.
Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.
Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and
application of the lesson.
Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the
lesson.
Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the entire module. EXPECTATIONS
This module will focus on volcanic eruptions.
After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. describe a volcano; 2. explain what happens during a volcanic eruption; and 3. enumerate the effects of a volcanic eruption.
PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is an opening in the earth’s crust through which
molten rocks, hot gases, and solid rocks are expelled? A. hill B. mountain C. valley D. volcano
2. Which of the following forms is NOT a part of a volcano?
A. crater B. plate C. vent D. magma chamber
3. The following statements about volcanoes are true EXCEPT __________.
A. Volcanoes are all inactive. B. Volcanoes are mountains or hills. C. Volcanoes are also found under the sea. D. Volcanoes have vents from which smoke and magma come out.
4. Why are there many volcanoes in the Philippines?
A. The Philippines is an archipelago. B. The Philippines is surrounded by water. C. The Philippines is located near the equator. D. There are many faults and trenches in the Philippines. 5. When does a volcanic eruption occur? A. When pressure builds up and forces magma up the vent B. When rocks are broken down into pieces or particles C. When there is a vertical displacement of seawater D. When two plates slide past each other
RECAP
In your previous lessons, you learned about the changes on the earth’s surface as a result of an earthquake.
Now, let us try to do a simple activity to help freshen up your mind and recall your past lesson. Ready? Get your paper and pen and be ready to write your answers.
Directions: Match the pictures on the left with the statements on the right about the harmful effects of an earthquake. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper. A. Destruction of property: Structures, such as buildings, dams, bridges, and houses may collapse as an effect of an earthquake. 1. B. Tsunami: When tsunami waves become extremely large in height, they savagely attack coastlines, causing devastating property damage and loss 2. of life. C. Loss of lives: People’s lives may be endangered when the ground displaces, buildings and houses collapse, and fires break as a cause of 3. an earthquake.
D. Fire: This can happen when electrical
power and gas lines break due to an earthquake. 4. E. Landslides: Earthquakes may loosen rocks and soil on the sides of mountains and hills that slide down and bury towns and neighborhoods. 5.
A volcano is an opening in Earth’s crust where lava, pyro clasts, and
gases are ejected onto the surface during eruptions. A volcano is a landform. It may be a hill, a mountain, a plateau, or just a fissure on Earth’s crust. The most prominent part of the volcano is the cone which is formed by mountainous accumulation of volcanic materials.
The other parts of a volcano are the crater and the volcanic vent. The crater is a steep-walled depression at the peak of the volcano, and the volcanic vent is a cylindrical channel that connects the crater or mouth of the magma chamber.
Some volcanoes have large crater called calderas that can exceed over one kilometer in diameter. Calderas are formed when the summit of the volcano collapses during violent or explosive eruptions.
Volcanoes are categorized into three groups: dormant, extinct and
active. Dormant volcanoes have not erupted in a long time, but they could again. Extinct volcanoes have erupted for thousands of years and might be dead. Active volcanoes have erupted recently, and they are probably going to erupt again soon.
In the Philippines, Mount Mayon and Taal Volcano are examples of
active volcanoes.
Mount Mayon https://ebonph.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/majestic-mount-mayon.jpg Taal Volcano https://ebpsyear5.files.wordpress.com/2018/10/mount-taal.jpg
What Happens During a Volcanic Eruption?
The magma chamber is
surrounded by solid rocks. These rocks press on the chamber causing the gas filled magma to rise and comes out to the earth’s surface through the main vent of the volcano. Materials like rock fragments, gas, volcanic dust, volcanic ash, and volcanic bombs are also ejected from the vent. Figure 2: Photo of Taal Volcano during Eruption Volcanic bombs are the largest materials ejected by an erupting volcano which can be one meter across and can weigh 91 metric tons. Volcanic bombs are large liquid globs of lava that if the ejection is strong enough during eruption it can be thrown from the vent for miles to the air. The vent allows magma to expand and erupt in the form of lava, ash, cinder or gas. Cinder is a burned substance that are not reduced to ashes. They are bits of wood or coal that can burn but without flame. Because magma is under extreme pressure, the ejection of this material expands explosively. Lava flows from the eruption site and covers a large area. Pyroclastic materials flow also in the form of superheated gas and rock called tephra. What are the Effects of a Volcanic Eruption?
Figure 3: Before and after the eruption of Taal Volcano
On January 12, 2020, the Department of Science and Technology- Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (DOST-PHIVOLCS) raised the alert level of Taal Volcano in Batangas (Region IV-A) to four after it demonstrated an increasing seismic activity.
An Alert Level 4 means that a hazardous explosive eruption is possible
within hours to days, therefore, declaring a “danger zone” of up to 14 kilometers from the main crater. What are the Effects of a Volcanic Eruption? Positive Effects Negative Effects 1. There is promotion of tourism 1. There is great damage to life and because of the dramatic scenery agricultural products. created by volcanic eruption which 2. The toxic gases released into the attracts tourists. atmosphere lead to air, water and 2. It makes the soil fertile. land pollution. 3. New minerals are discovered. 3. Carbon dioxide emitted from 4. Geothermal energy is generated. volcanoes adds to natural greenhouse 5. New land for human habitation is effect. formed. 4. It also causes changes on climate and weather patterns. 5. There is loss of habitat. 6. Human and natural landscapes can be destroyed and changed forever.
Optional Activity: Watch the video about the eruption of Mount Taal through the link given below: Video link: https://youtu.be/7ksuXApPLVM ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: Know Me Better
Directions: Write a word or a group of words that can be associated with the word VOLCANO. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Activity 2: Label Me Directions: Name the parts of the volcano. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Activity 3: List Down Directions: List down at least five (5) effects of volcanic eruptions either positive or negative. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
WRAP–UP
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct words to complete the sentences. Choose the answers from the right side. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A __________ is any opening in the earth’s crust
through which molten rocks, hot gases, and solid rocks are expelled. 2. After many eruptions, the ejected materials pile up into a hill or a mountain with a cup-like hollow around the vent called __________. 3. __________ are surrounded by solid rocks. 4. __________ are the largest materials ejected by an erupting volcano which can be one meter across and can weigh 91 metric tons. 5. Pyroclastic materials flow also in the form of superheated gas and rock called __________. VALUING
Do you think people should be allowed to live at the foot of a volcano?
Why or why not?
POSTTEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is an opening in the Earth’s crust where lava and volcanic materials are ejected? A. volcano B. trench C. plateau D. mountain
2. The following are parts of a volcano EXCEPT __________.
A. vent B. plate C. crater D. caldera 3. How are Mount Mayon and Taal Volcano similar? A. They are active volcanoes. B. They are extinct volcanoes. C. They are inactive volcanoes. D. They are all found in Mindanao.
4. Which of the following are the positive effects of volcanic eruption?
I. It makes the soil fertile. II. It causes great damage to life and agricultural products. III. It releases toxic gases into the atmosphere. IV. It generates geothermal energy.
A. I and II B. II and III C. III and IV D. I and IV
5. Why is the Philippines subject to the frequent occurrence of earthquakes
and volcanic eruptions? A. It has a tropical climate. B. It is surrounded by water. C. It is composed of many islands. D. It has a lot of trenches and faults.
KEY TO CORRECTION
A 5. vary D 4. vary Answers may Answers may vary A 3. B 2. ACTIVITY 1 may Answers ACTIVITY 3 D 1. VALUING PRETEST
chamber 5.magma 5. tephra 4. lava bombs B D 5. 3. main vent 4. volcanic C D 4. 2. crater chamber E A 3. bombs 3. magma D B 2. 1.volcanic 2. crater A A 1. 1.volcano RECAP ACTIVITY 2 POSTTEST WRAP-UP REFERENCES A. Books
Adduru, M.Q., Valencia, N. G., Cyber Science 6. 2015. Manila. Rex Bookstore, Inc. Padpad, E.C., The New Science Links 6. 2017. Manila. Rex Bookstore, Inc. A. Online References
