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Introduce To Dip

This document discusses the introduction to image processing. It defines what a digital image is and explains that digital image processing deals with manipulating digital images through computers. It then describes some common applications of digital image processing and the key components involved in an image processing system.

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Rakshit Sharma
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26 views9 pages

Introduce To Dip

This document discusses the introduction to image processing. It defines what a digital image is and explains that digital image processing deals with manipulating digital images through computers. It then describes some common applications of digital image processing and the key components involved in an image processing system.

Uploaded by

Rakshit Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT-I

INTRODUCTION TO IMAGE PROCESSING

1.1 Introduction:
The digital image processing deals with developing a digital system that performs operations
on a digital image. An image is nothing more than a two dimensional signal. It is defined by
the mathematical function f(x,y) where x and y are the two co-ordinates horizontally and
vertically and the amplitude of f at any pair of coordinate (x, y) is called the intensity or gray
level of the image at that point. When x, y and the amplitude values of f are all finite discrete
quantities, we call the image a digital image. The field of image digital image processing
refers to the processing of digital image by means of a digital computer. A digital image is
composed of a finite number of elements, each of which has a particular location and values
of these elements are referred to as picture elements, image elements, pels and pixels.
Motivation and Perspective:
Digital image processing deals with manipulation of digital images through a digital
computer. It is a subfield of signals and systems but focus particularly on images. DIP
focuses on developing a computer system that is able to perform processing on an image. The
input of that system is a digital image and the system process that image using efficient
algorithms, and gives an image as an output. The most common example is Adobe
Photoshop. It is one of the widely used application for processing digital images.
Applications:

Some of the major fields in which digital image processing is widely used are mentioned
below
(1) Gamma Ray Imaging- Nuclear medicine and astronomical observations.
(2) X-Ray imaging – X-rays of body.
(3) Ultraviolet Band –Lithography, industrial inspection, microscopy, lasers.
(4) Visual And Infrared Band – Remote sensing.
(5) Microwave Band – Radar imaging.

1.2 Components of Image processing System:

i) Image Sensors: With reference to sensing, two elements are required to acquire digital
image. The first is a physical device that is sensitive to the energy radiated by the object we
wish to image and second is specialized image processing hardware.
ii) Specialize image processing hardware: It consists of the digitizer just mentioned, plus
hardware that performs other primitive operations such as an arithmetic logic unit, which
performs arithmetic such addition and subtraction and logical operations in parallel on images
iii) Computer: It is a general purpose computer and can range from a PC to a supercomputer
depending on the application. In dedicated applications, sometimes specially designed
computer are used to achieve a required level of performance
iv) Software: It consists of specialized modules that perform specific tasks a well designed
package also includes capability for the user to write code, as a minimum, utilizes the
specialized module. More sophisticated software packages allow the integration of these
modules.
v) Mass storage: This capability is a must in image processing applications. An image of
size 1024 x1024 pixels, in which the intensity of each pixel is an 8- bit quantity requires one
Megabytes of storage space if the image is not compressed .Image processing applications
falls into three principal categories of storage
i) Short term storage for use during processing
ii) On line storage for relatively fast retrieval
iii) Archival storage such as magnetic tapes and disks
vi) Image display: Image displays in use today are mainly color TV monitors. These
monitors are driven by the outputs of image and graphics displays cards that are an integral
part of computer system.
vii) Hardcopy devices: The devices for recording image includes laser printers, film
cameras, heat sensitive devices inkjet units and digital units such as optical and CD ROM
disk. Films provide the highest possible resolution, but paper is the obvious medium of
choice for written applications.

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