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Spring Constant

The document describes an experiment to determine the spring constant and effective mass of a spiral spring. A spiral spring is suspended vertically and loaded with different masses. The extension and oscillation period are measured. Graphs of extension vs mass and period squared vs mass are plotted. The spring constant and effective masses are calculated from the slope and intercepts of the graphs.

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abir2305101225
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121 views

Spring Constant

The document describes an experiment to determine the spring constant and effective mass of a spiral spring. A spiral spring is suspended vertically and loaded with different masses. The extension and oscillation period are measured. Graphs of extension vs mass and period squared vs mass are plotted. The spring constant and effective masses are calculated from the slope and intercepts of the graphs.

Uploaded by

abir2305101225
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No: 8

Experiment Name: To Determine the Spring Constant and Effective Mass of a


Given Spiral Spring.
Theory: If a spring be clamped vertically at the end P, and loaded with a mass mo at the other
end A, then the period of vibration of the spring along a vertical line is given by
𝑚0 +𝑚1
T = 2π √
𝑘

M
Or, T = 2π √ k ……………… (1)
Where m1 is a constant called the effective mass of the spring and k is the spring constant [The
ratio between the added force and the corresponding extension of the spring].
How the mass of the spring contributes to the effective mass of the vibrating system can be
shown in figure -01. Consider the kinetic energy of a spring and its load undergoing simple
harmonic motion. At the instant under consideration let the load mo be moving with velocity vo
as shown in figure.
At this same instant an element dm of the mass m of the spring will also be moving up but with a
velocity v which is smaller than vo . It is evident that the ratio between v and vo is just the ratio
between y and yo.
v 𝑣
Hence, y = 𝑦𝑜
𝑜
𝑣𝑜
Or, v = y
𝑦𝑜
𝑑𝑦 dm 𝑑𝑣
[Similarly we can say that = = ]
𝑦𝑜 m 𝑣𝑜
The kinetic energy of the spring along will be
1 𝑣
dEk = 2 ∫𝑜 𝑜 𝑣 2 dm
𝑚 𝑚
But dm may be written as dy = dv where m is the mass of the spring.
𝑦𝑜 𝑣𝑜
1 m
Thus the integral, dEk = ( 3 ) 𝑣𝑜2 .
2
1 m
The total kinetic energy of the system will then be Ek = 2 (mo + ) 𝑣𝑜2
3
m
And the effective mass of the system is (mo + 3)
m
Hence, m1 = ………………. (2)
3
Where m1= effective mass of the spring and m = true mass of the spring.
The applied force mog is proportional to the extension x within the elastic limit. Figure -01
Therefore, mog α x
Or, mog = kx (Here k is spring constant)
𝑚0 g
Or, k = …………………… (3)
x
Putting the value of mo, g and x, we can calculate the spring constant k.

Apparatus:
A Spiral spring, convenient masses with hanging arrangement, Clamp or a hook attached to a
rigid framework of heavy metal rods, Weighing balance, Stop Clock and Scale etc.
Procedure:
1. Suspend the spring by a hook attached to the rigid framework of heavy metals.
2. Measure the length y0 =AB (figure 1) of the spring with a meter scale and write it down in
section A of data sheet.
3. Attach a load of mass m0=50 gm at the bottom end of the spring. So the spring gets stretched.
Measure the length AC by using meter scale. Find the extension, l=BC (=AB-AC) and record m0
and l in the Table 1 of section B shown in the data-sheet.
4. Pull down the load slightly and release it to oscillate. By using the stopwatch measure how
much time, t the load takes to complete 20 oscillations and record it in the same table.
5. Repeat the steps 2, 3 4 and 5for load of mass m0 = 100,150,200,250gm.
6. Draw an l vs. m0 graphs which should be a straight line passing through the origin. Work out
the slope of the straight line. Find out the spring constant of the spring by using equation 3.
7. Measure the mass of the spring, m by using the weight meter. Find the effective mass, m2 = 3
m from this value.
8. Draw a T2 vs. m0 graph which should be a straight line which should intersect the negative X-
axis. Interception of the line is the effective mass, m′ of the spring.
9. Compare the value of m′ what you deduced in step 8 with the value of m′ what you deduced in
step 7.
Data Collection:

(A). Initial Length of the spiral spring L = cm

(B). Determinations of extensions and time periods:

No. Loads Length Extension No. of Total Period T T2


of mo Of the (L1-L) vibrations time (t) (t/20) Sec2
obs. gm Spring x (20) sec sec
(L1) cm
01
02
03
04
05
Calculation:

From graph,
Mass, mo = gm, Extension, x = cm

And g = 981 cm/sec2


From equation (3), we get

𝒎𝟎 𝐠
Spring Constant, k = 𝐱
= dynes /cm
= dynes /cm
And True mass of the Spiral Spring, m= gm.
𝐦
Effective mass, m2 = gm.
𝟑

From graph,
Effective mass, m1 = gm

Results:

The spring constant of a spiral spring is……….. Dynes/cm


And effective mass of spring is ………….gm

𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 ~ 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒


Percentage of error: =
Actual value
× 100 %

Discussions:

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