THE NOTRE DAME OF LIBUNGAN INC.

LIBUNGAN, NORTH CTABATO

Learning Plan in: Science Grade Level: 9 Date: October 11, 2022

Teacher: Johnie Rey P. Villaruz, LPT Quarter: 1st

Topic: Species Extinction

Content Standard

The learners demonstrate an understanding how changes in the environment may affect
species extinction.

Performance Standard

The learners shall be able to make a multimedia presentation of a timeline of extinction

of representative microorganisms, plants, and animals

Learning Competencies

 relate species extinction to the failure of populations of organisms to adapt to abrupt

changes in the environment

Specific Objectives:
 describe what is species extinction
 measure species distribution using mathematical way of expressing the amount of
biodiversity and species distribution in a community.
 determine the pattern of population distribution
 explain the probable cause of species extinction
 appreciate the value of species in maintaining the balance in the community

I. INTRODUCTION AND PRELIMINARIES/EXPLORE (2 mins)

1. GREETINGS
2. SETTLING DOWN
3. PRAYER
4. ATTENDANCE
5. REVIEW

MOTIVATION: PICTURE ANALYSIS/SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

Direction: Analyze the given picture on the presentation. Give (5) reasons why we
experience imbalance in biodiversity. Answer in your Activity Notebook.

Pre-Assessment
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on your Activity
Notebook.

1. Which of the following expresses the index of diversity in a mathematical way?

a. the vastness or area of an ecosystem
b. the species distribution in a community
c. the distance between two different ecosystems
d. the population of a given species per unit area

2. Which is the correct formula in calculating population density?

What is the correct formula in calculating population density?
a. D = population /area
 3. Which pertains to organisms that no longer exist at the present time, but have
existed in the past?
a. exotic b. extinct c. endemic d. endangered
4. Which pertains to the process of introducing unnatural chemicals that contaminate
the air, soil and sea?
a. Pollution b. acidification c. eutrophication d. neutralization
5. Which of the following causes of extinction is directly brought about by human
activity?
a. glaciation b. overharvesting c. cosmic radiation d. volcanic eruptions
6. Which pertains to the largest number of individuals in a species that an environment
sustains for a long period of time?
a. biodiversity b. limiting factor c. carrying capacity d. population density
7. Which refers to species of organisms whose population is so low that it has a great
tendency to become extinct?
a. endangered b. endemic c. exotic d. threatened
8.
9. The amount of sunlight in a forest ecosystem determine the kind and population of
plants and tress that could thrive and survive to maintain balance in the said
ecosystem, Which refers to the “amount of sunlight” as mentioned above?
a. biodiversity b. limiting factor c. carrying capacity d. population density
10. Which is NOT a cause of deforestation?
a. typhoon b. soil erosion c. kaingin system d. conversion of forest
to agricultural land
11.Which is NOT a common reason for species to go extinct?
a. random mutation in DNA c. new disease is introduced in the population

b. habitat loss and destruction d. new predators moving into or introduced

12. Which is NOT a consequence of cutting down trees?
a. floods b. soil erosion c. eutrophication d. decreased wildlife resources
13. Muro-ami is a fishing practice in South East Asia that makes use of which material?
a. dynamite b. electrical current c. spears and arrows d. encircling the net
together with pounding devices
14. What type of biodiversity pertains to the variations of genes in a species?
a. species diversity b. genetic diversity c. ecosystem diversity d. all of the above
15. Which factor has a tendency to increase population density?
a. limited food supply and disease c. higher death rate due to a calamity
b. limited space and higher birth rate d. presence of a greater area for organisms
to live
Introduction

Biodiversity and Evolution

Activity No.1
Transition statement
Let’s recall your understanding of concepts of Biodiversity and Evolution. Write T if the
statement is true and F if the statement is false. Write your answer on your Activity
Notebook.

_______1. All the organism or species on Earth have already been identified.
_______2. Once the population of species increases or decreases in size it affects the balance
of the ecosystem.
_______3. Human activities are among the causes of species extinction.
_______4. Geological timescale is a scale used to represent and show the existence and
extinction of organisms.
_______5. The extinction of species does not give the earth harmful effect.
Biodiversity is the term used to describe the number and variety of life found on Earth.
Biodiversity has three types; genetic, species, and ecosystem.
A. Genetic diversity pertains to the variation of genes within species.
B. Species diversity pertains to the variety and abundance of species within region
C. Ecosystem diversity is the variation among groups of organisms in different
physical settings.
All parts of the ecosystem are interacting with one another. If one of its components
experienced changes and it doesn’t adapt to its new environment or situation it may
probably die and lessen in numbers. The population pertains to the number of organisms
of the same species living in the same region while communities are composed of different
organisms living in the same region.
What will happen if one population in an area increase? Will it affect the distribution of
space and food? Fortunately, changes in population may give a big impact on the balance
of diversity index.

Biodiversity Index is a scale of the diversity of plant and animal species in a given area. It
is widely used tool for estimating the complexity , stability, and thus general health of an
ecosystem. It is expressed with equation of:
Biodiversity Index = Total # of different species
Total # of Living Items
Populations of an organism can change and varies over time. This is due to the different
limiting factors occurring in the situation.
Limiting factors – are usually described a lack of particular resources like the availability
of food, water, and space. Some other reasons are predation, disease, and migration.
Light, temperature, and soil nutrients are also limiting factors because they help to identify
what kind of organism lived in a certain area. Increasing the number of population size that
an area can support is called carrying capacity. It is the size of biological species that can
be sustained in a specific environment, given all the available resources. If the carrying
capacity reaches its maximum point, the organism in that area will die because not all of
their needs can be met.
When the number of species decreases in size, and only a few remain, that species is
considered as an endangered and possibly becomes extinct in the future. Some examples
of endangered animal in the Philippines are tarsier in Bohol, Philippine Eagle, Philippine
fresh water crocodiles, tamaraw in Mindoro, and Philippine naked-backed fruit bat in
Cebu. If animals of a particular species are vulnerable at risk in terms the number of
population of its kind, it is said to be threatened. Extinction happens if the last member
of that species is gone like dinosaurs.

Natural Causes of Species Extinction

1. Climate Change – the sudden changes in the

earth’s temperature.
2. Land Development – conversion of land into
residential are or building.
3. Acid Precipitation – is a result of air pollution
4. Diseases/Epidemic – infectious diseases or
virulent infectious diseases cause the change in
biological populations.
5. Meteoric impact/Cosmic radiation – extinction
happens when a massive asteroid or meteor hits
the surface of the earth.
6. The spread of Invasive Species – it can change the abundance of diversity of the
food web in an ecosystem by destroying and replacing its natural value and number.

Man-Made Cause of Species Extinction

1. Deforestation – illegal logging, kaingin farming

2. Pollution - either air or water pollution
3. Destruction of Coastal Resources – this is caused by using dynamite in fishing,
muro-ami, and the conversion of beach into residences, and overharvesting of fishes.
These environmental conditions and issues can affect both local and global perspectives
and can create a big impact in sustaining the ecological balance of the earth. But on the
other side, if an organism continues to live for more than a year and continues to adapt to
its changing environment, it will still exist and somehow undergo evolutions.

Evolution describes the gradual change of organisms from one state to another. It deals
with the first appearance of organisms and studies
how they survive and change through the course of
time. Geologist constructed a timetable of the
earth’s history which is called geologic time scale.
Geologic Timescale is a timetable of the earth’s
history, the earth’s history is divided into major
divisions called eras.

A. Paleozoic era (prehistoric life) – the

existence of marine invertebrates; the
development of marine life.
B. Mesozoic era (middle life ) – the existence of
largest creature
C. Cenozoic era (recent life ) – the existence of
warm-blooded animals and humans.

Activity No. 2: Full of Space

Direction: Study the five patterns of
population in distribution figure 1.
Count the total number for each
population and record the date in the
table below. After that, calculate the
density of each population using the
equation below. Write your answer
on your Activity Notebook. (30 points)

Table 1: Population Density

Population Number of Organism Density

Guide Questions:
Compare the distribution patterns of the five population then answer the following:
1. Which of the population has greatest density?
2. Infer from recorded data and write the possible causes for the difference in the
population density.
3. What conditions could change the density of the population?
4. Calculate the biodiversity index using the given formula beow:
Density = No. of individuals
Size of Area
Activity 3: CAUTION! CAUTION! OH SPECIES EXTINCTION
Direction: Take look at the given pictures of species below. Identify whether this species is
EXTINCT (last member of the species dies), ENDANGERED (population of that species is
very low), or THREATENED (if that species is declining rapidly). Write your answer on your
Activity Notebook. (10 points)

1. Tamaraw 2. Warty Pig 3. Tarsier 4. Philippine Eagle

5. Dugong

Activity No. 4:
Direction: Read and analyze the given statements carefully. Choose from the box the cause
of extinction being described in each statement. Write your answer on your Activity
Notebok. (12 points)
DEFORESTATION AIR POLLUTION

WIDLIFE DEPLETION ACID PRECIPITATION

WATER POLLUTION DESTRUCTION OF COASTAL RESOURCES

____________1. As a consequence of cutting down trees, we experience soil erosion, floods,

and a decrease in wildlife resources.
____________2. Fishkill usually happens when there is an increase in the concentration or
organic nutrients that comes from garbage and factories.
____________3. The number of species decrease because of habitat loss caused by invasion
of human to its natural habitat.
____________4. Cars bur fuel and factories emit harmful gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen
oxides, and hydrocarbons that contribute to the increasing temperature within the earth’s
surface.
____________5. Overharvesting, damage mangrove areas, dynamite fishing, and muro-ami
are the cause of marine life destruction.
____________6. It is a result of air pollution mostly from factories and motor vehicles.

Activiy No. 5 : THE GREAT IMPACT

Direction: Decode the word(s) or phrase that describes the local and global environmental
issues that contribute species extinction. Use the number given, and then encode the letter
on the space provided per item number. Write your answer on your Activity Notebook. (10
points)

1)16-15-12-12-21-20-9-15-14 6) 4-5-19-20-18-21-3-20-9-15-14 15-6 8-1-2-9-20-1-20

2) 8-21-14-20-9-14-7 7) 3-12-9-13-1-20-5 3-8-1-14-7-5
3) 7-5-14-20-9-3-19 8) 3-8-1-14-7-5-19 9-14 12-1-14-4-19-3-1-16-5
4) 4-9-19-5-1-19-5-19 9) 6-9-19-8-9-14-7
5) 9-14-22-1-19-9-22-5 19-16-5-3-9-519 10) 15-22-5-18 8-1-18-22-5-19-20-9-14-7
Activity No. 6:
Direction: Write the word that correctly completes the statement. Write your answer on
your Activity Notebook (12 points)

1.____________is the term used to describe the numbers and variety of life found on Earth.
2. There are (3) three types of diversity. These are: _________________diversity;
_____________diversity and ______________ diversity.
3. ________________ of ecosystem pertains to the number of organisms of the same species
living in the same region.
4.______________ are composed of different organisms living in the same region.
5.______________ is a scale of diversified plant and animal species at a given area.
6.______________ are usually described as lack of particular resources like the availability of
food, water, and space.
7.____________ is the size of a biological species that can be sustained in a specific
environment, given all the available resources.
8. When the number of species decreases in size, and only a few remain, that species is
considered as _____________.
9.If animals of a particular species are vulnerable at risks in terms of the number of
population of its kind, it is said to be _____________.
10. _______________________ can change the abundance of diversity or the food web in an
ecosystem by destroying and replacing its natural value and number.
11.___________ is caused by using dynamite in fishing, muro-ami, the conversion of beach
into residences, and overharvesting of fishes.
12.___________ happens if the last member of that species is gone like dinosaurs.
13. __________describes the gradual change of organism from one state to another.
14.___________ is a timetable of the earth’s history.
15.___________ is the existence of warm-blooded animal and humans.

Activity No. 7: MODIFIED TRUE or FALSE

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct but if it’s FALSE, change the underlined
word or group of words to make the whole statement true. Write your answer on your
Activity Notebook. (10 points)

__________1. Limiting factors are environmental conditions that keep a population from
decreasing in size and help balance the ecosystem.
__________2. A species is endangered when its population is low which is nearly extinct.
__________3. The carrying capacity is affected by changes in the environment.
__________4. Population is a group of organisms of the same species living in a certain
place.
__________5. Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in the area,
__________6. Evolution is a branch of life science that describes the rapid change of
organisms from one state to another.
__________7. Migration refers to the survival of a new species into an already occupied area.
__________8. Human activities have resulted in habitat loss and degradation that have
accelerated the rate of extinction.
__________9. Biological magnification is the buildup of pollutants in organism at high tropic
levels in a food chain.
__________10.The Mesozoic era is marked by the existence of largest creatures.

II. INTERACTION ( LESSON DEVELOPMENT/FIRM UP/DEEPEN (10 mins)

 The teacher will present additional enrichment information to the concepts and
topics
 The teacher will explain Biodiversity and Extinction and how the different organisms
become extinct.
 Let the students answers formative test after a short discussion to check if they get
the topic and concepts correctly.
 After every concepts has bee taught the teacher will follow up a questions for the
students to understand better.
Transition Statement
In studying Biodiversity and Extinction, we will not just focus on the concepts and short
history of organisms that was already extinct, we will also learn about organisms of today’s
generation that are endangered and threatened. We should act as one to protect our home
and to preserve all the resources in our so called home, the Earth to give justice for the
future generation.

III. INTEGRATION (BROADENING OF CONCEPTS/TRANSFER) (3 mins)

A. Core Values/School Formation Standards

The values of inter generational justice, excellence, collaboration, care for the
environment, faith, promptness is being integrated in these week activities.
B. Learning Across Discipline
The students will learn the application learning biodiversity and species extinction to
Religion and Araling Panlipunan.

SUMMARY/CLOSURE
The teacher let the students summarize their understanding and learning through
speaking what they have learned and writing through their exit cards.

Biodiversity and Extinction are two different things. We should enrich the diversity of our
ecosystem while we should counter extinction by our continuous big effort to battle climate
changed and species extinction.

EVALUATION
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper. (15 points)

1.Which is NOT an example of an endangered species?

a. Tarsier b. Dodo bird c. Mouse deer d. Monkey-eating eagle
2.Which do you think is the biggest problem faced by endangered species?
a. Food b. Water c. Climate Change d. Human activities
3. What situation illustrates the relationship between a limiting factor and population
density?
a. When birth rate is greater than death rate, population increases.
b. When the population in a given area increases, the population density also increases.
c. Population sizes change with the number of births or when organisms move out of an
ecosystem.
d. When the population pf goats and cows in a field increases rapidly, there may not be
enough food for each of them.
4. Which could be a probable cause of increase in the population of preys in an
environment?
a. destruction of prey habitats c. calamities and rampant spread of disease
b. lower birth rate and death rate of preys d. decrease in the population of their predators
5. How does habitat degradation cause extinction of species?
a. It kills acids intolerant species
b. It leads to spread of disease that exterminate species
c. it leads to diminishing resources which increases competition among species
d. it leads to existence of shallow gene pools that promote massive in breeding.
6. What do woolly mammoth, Dodo and Great Auk have in common?
a. they are all extinct c. they are all threatened species
b. they are all mammals d. they are all endangered species
7. Which statements are TRUE?
I. Introducing a new species in an ecosystem affects the food chain.
II. Extinction is a natural process that has occurred since the beginning of time.
III.Human intervention is the most leading cause of animal extinctions in this time.
a.I and II only b. II and III only c. I and III only d. I, II, and III
8. For question 8, refer to the table below:
Species composition of two fields
Number of Individuals
Flower Species Field A Field B
Gumamela 300 10
Cattleya 330 50
Yellow Bell 370 940
Total 1000 1000

8.How will you compare Field A with Field B in terms of species richness, total abundance
and diversity?
a. Field A and B have the same species richness, total abundance and diversity
b. Field A and Field B have the same species richness, total abundance, but Field A is more
diverse than Field B.
c. Field A and Field B have the same species richness, but Field A has a greater total
abundance and is more diverse than Field B.
d. Field A and Field B have the same greater total abundance, but Field A has greater
species richness and is more diverse than Field B.
9. Consider the communities. Each made up of a total of 100 organisms, drawn from
combinations of ten species. A to J.
Species composition of three different communities
Species Community 1 Community 2 Community 3
A 10 72 35
B 9 6 34
C 11 3 31
D 10 3 0
E 8 1 0
F 12 3 0
G 10 4 0
H 11 3 0
I 10 2 0
J 9 3 0
Total 100 100 100
Based on the table above, which statements are correct?
I.Community 3 has higher species richness than community 1 and community 2.
II.Community 2 has the same species richness but has a lower diversity than community 1
III.Community 1 has the highest diversity because it has the highest species richness and
each species has a similar relative abundance.
a.I and II only b. I and III only c. II and III only d. I, II, and III
10. What could you infer about an ecosystem with high species diversity?
a.Its food web are relatively simple
b. it has greater number of successful species and more stable ecosystem.
c. the change in environment would probably have quite serious effects on it.
d. the environment is quite stressful with relatively few ecological niches and only a few
organisms are really well adapted to that ecosystem.
11.Assume two habitats have the same number of species of birds. The first habitat is
predominantly one species of bird, with just a few bird of other species. The second habitat
has equal number of all the different bird species found in habitat 1. Will they have same
biodiversity index? And why?
a. Yes, because they have equal species richness and species evenness.
b. Yes, they will have the same biodiversity index because they have the same number of
species.
c. No, habitat 1 has a higher diversity because it is predominantly one species of bird.
Diversity index depends on the most number of counts of one species of the organisms
found in a community.
d. No, habitat 2 has a higher diversity because, aside from having the same number of
species of birds as habitat 1, it also has equal numbers of each species. Species richness
and species evenness are both measures of biodiversity.
12.How does the destruction of coral reefs and mangrove forests contribute to species
extinction?
a.amount of dissolved oxygen decreases.
b.fish predators become massive in number
c. breeding grounds and nurseries of marine species are destroyed
d. the oceans and sea become contaminated with heavy metals and other pollutants.
13. Which illustrate how the introduction of new species may lead to extinction?
a. When a prey species become extinct, its predator loses its food source and consequently
becomes extinct.
b. amphibian populations have been on the decline worldwide caused by fungal infection of
their skin which interferes with osmoregulation.
c. When a large predator, the Nile perch, was introduced into Lake Victoria, it caused the
extinction of half of the species of fish endemic in it.
d. When bacteria in a lake increase in number due to continuous decomposition of dead
organisms, dissolved oxygen declines, killing all the fishes in it.
14. Deforestation, building of dams, conversion of forest to agricultural lands and urban
development could cause species to decrease in number which, eventually could lead to
extinction. How?
a. They pollute the environment causing species to die
b. They cause widespread of diseases which may lead to mass extinction.
c. They trigger calamities to occur which ma cause mass extinction of species.
d. They destroy the habitat where species live, depriving them the chance to thrive and
survive.
15.Which are considered driving force of extinction?
I.climate change
II.over hunting
III.carbon emissions
a.I and II only c. II and III only
b.I and III only d. I, II, and III

Assignment: (Activity Notebook 10 pts.)

OUTDOOR EXPEDITION
Direction: Explore the vicinity of your house or garden. List down all the living organisms
you will see based on their category. Write the total number of species and total item on the
space provided, and lastly, answer the following questions and calculate biodiversity index
using the equation given.

Trees

TREES Total Species:______________

Total Items: ______________

Plants

PLANTS Total Species:_____________

Total Items:______________

Animals

ANIMALS Total Species: ____________

Total Items:______________

Insects/Bugs

INSECTS/BUGS Total Species : ___________

Total Items: _____________

Guide Questions:
1. Which species has the greatest total in number?
2. Which species has the lowest total in number?
3. Calculate the biodiversity index using the given formula below:

Biodiversity Index = Total of different Species =

Total number of Living Items

Category 4 3 2 1
Accuracy All parts of the Most part of the Several part of Students did
activity are activity is the activity is not complete
completed with completed with not completed the activity with
accuracy and accuracy. with accuracy accuracy and
effort. Therefore, more and minimal failed to show
effort could effort was given. adequate effort.
have been
made.
Overall The student The student The students The student did
demonstrated a demonstrated a showed minimal not show work
hard work ethic hard work ethic work and or enthusiasm.
and was and was enthusiasm.
enthusiastic enthusiastic
with completing with completing
his/her work. his/her work.

Answer Keys

Pre-Assessment
1.B
2.A
3.B
4.A
5.B
6.C
7.A
8.D
9.B
10.B
11.A
12.C
13.D
14.B
15.B

Activity No. 1 True or False

1.F
2.T
3.T
4.T
5.F

Activity No. 2 Full of Space

No. of Organism Density
1.Elephant 13 0.13
2. Tiger 10 0.1
3. Crocodile 12 0.12
4. Deer 30 0.3
5. Zebra 34 0.34
Activity No. 3 Species Extension Activity No. 7 Modified True of False

1. Endangered 1. Increasing
2. Extinct 2. Endangered
3. Endangered 3. True
4. Threatened/Endangered 4. True
5. Endangered 5. True
6.Gradual
Activity No.4 7. True
8.True
1. Deforestation 9. True
2. Water Pollution 10. True
3. Wildlife Depletion
4. Air Pollution Assessment
5. Destruction of Coastal Resources 1. B
6. Acid Precipitation 2. D
3.D
Activity No.5 The Great Impact 4. C
5.D
1. Pollution 6. A
2. Hunting 7. D
3. Genetics 8. B
4. Diseases 9. C
5. Invasive Species 10. B
6. Destruction of Species Habitat 11. D
7. Climate change 12.C
8. Changes in Landsacape 13.C
9. Fishing 14.D
10.Overharvesting 15.D

Activity No. 6 Identification

1. Biodiversity
2. Species Genetic Ecosystem
3. Population
4. Community
5. Biodiversity
6. Limiting Factor
7. Carrying
8. Endangered
9. Threatened
10.Spread of Invasive Species
11. Destruction of Coastal Resources
12. Extinction
13. Evolution
14. Geologic
15. Cenozoic Era