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    Minimalist Vintage Line A4 Stationery T

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    Minimalist Vintage Line A4 Stationery T

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    Yash Bhowate
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    Minimalist Vintage Line A4 Stationery t

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    10 views12 pages

    Minimalist Vintage Line A4 Stationery T

    Uploaded by

    Yash Bhowate

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    Experiment No.

    Aim :- To prepare business project on Regulated D C Power Supply


    Theory :- A regulated DC power supply is an electronic circuit designed to
    provide a constant and stable DC voltage output regardless of variations
    in input voltage or load current. It plays a crucial role in various
    electronic devices and applications by ensuring consistent and reliable
    power delivery.

    Introduction :- In the world of electronics, where precision and stability


    reign supreme, regulated DC power supplies are the unsung heroes. They
    quietly and efficiently ensure that our devices receive the consistent,
    clean power they need to function flawlessly. Imagine a world without
    them. Computers would crash, smartphones would die unexpectedly, and
    medical equipment would malfunction. The reliability and performance of
    our electronic systems would be compromised, hindering progress in
    countless fields.

    Market Potential :- The market for regulated DC power supplies is


    experiencing robust growth, fueled by a confluence of factors across
    various industries. In conclusion, the market potential for regulated DC
    power supplies is bright and steady, driven by the ever-growing reliance
    on electronics, technological advancements, and a global shift towards
    energy efficiency and sustainability. This essential component will
    continue to play a critical role in powering our world and enabling
    technological progress across various sectors.

    Basic & Presumptions : -

    1. Constant Voltage Output: The primary objective is to maintain a constant


    DC voltage at the output, regardless of variations in input voltage or load
    current. This ensures proper operation of the connected devices and
    protects them from potential damage caused by voltage fluctuations.

    2. Ideal Components: The design often assumes ideal behavior of


    components, such as perfect diodes with zero voltage drop and capacitors
    with infinite capacitance.
    While real-world components deviate from ideal characteristics, these
    assumptions simplify calculations and provide a starting point for design.

    3. Linearity: Linear regulators assume a linear relationship between input


    and output voltage, making analysis and control straightforward. However,
    switching regulators, while more efficient, introduce non-linearity due to
    their switching behavior.
    The major activity in the implementation Period (in month) (suggestive)
    of project is listed and average time for
    implementation of project is estimated
    as 12 months .

    1. Preparation of project report 1

    2. Registration & other formalities 1

    3. Sanction of loans by financial institutions 3

    4. Plant & Machinery

    a) Placement of orders 1

    b) Procurement 2

    • Power connection/ Electrification 2


    • Installation/Erection of machinery/

    Test Equipment 1

    5. Procurement of raw material 2

    6. Recruitment of technical personnel etc 1

    7. Trial production 11

    8. Commercial Production 12

    Note
    1. Many of the above activities shall be initiated concurrently
    2. Procurement of raw materials commences of the 8th month onwards.
    3. When imported plant and machinery are required, the implementation period of project may
    vary from 12th to 15 months.
    Technical Aspects

    I. Process of Manufacture :-
    The manufacturing process of a regulated DC power supply involves several stages, from
    design and component selection to assembly, testing, and quality control. The specific steps
    may vary depending on the complexity and type of power supply, but the general process
    follows a similar flow.

    II Quality Standards:- As per BIS standards.

    III Production Capacity Per Annum :-

    Quantity Value (Rs.)


    1,200 Nos. (5V, 5A) 18,00,000
    1,200 Nos.(30V, 2A) 24,00,000

    IV. Motive Power :-

    V. Pollution Control :-
    The manufacturing of DC power supplies, like any electronic device, has the potential to
    generate various forms of pollution. Implementing pollution control measures is crucial for
    minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainable practices. Here's a look at key
    areas of concern and potential solutions.

    1. Hazardous Materials: * Lead-Free Solder: Traditional solder contains lead, a toxic heavy
    metal. Adopting lead-free solder alternatives eliminates lead exposure risks for workers and
    prevents lead contamination in the environment. * Restriction of Hazardous Substances
    (RoHS) Compliance: Adhering to RoHS regulations ensures that hazardous substances like
    mercury, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium are not used in the manufacturing process. *
    Proper Disposal of Hazardous Waste: Batteries, electronic components, and chemicals used
    in manufacturing must be disposed of responsibly through authorized waste management
    facilities to prevent soil and water contamination.

    2. Air Emissions: * Soldering Fume Extraction: Soldering processes generate fumes


    containing potentially harmful particles and gases. Implementing local exhaust ventilation
    systems and fume extractors helps capture and filter these emissions, protecting worker
    health and air quality. * Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Control: Some cleaning
    solvents and materials used in manufacturing may release VOCs, contributing to air
    pollution. Opting for low-VOC or VOC-free alternatives and ensuring proper ventilation
    minimizes these emissions.
    VI. Energy conservation :-

    Energy conservation plays a crucial role in the design and operation of regulated DC power
    supplies. By implementing various techniques and choosing appropriate components,
    engineers can significantly improve energy efficiency and reduce power consumption. Here
    are some key strategies:

    1. Choosing the Right Topology: * Switching Regulators: Switching regulators are generally
    more efficient than linear regulators, especially at higher power levels. They utilize
    switching transistors to control the output voltage, minimizing energy losses as heat.
    Various topologies like buck, boost, and buck-boost converters offer different voltage
    conversion capabilities and efficiency characteristics. * Linear Regulators: While less
    efficient than switchers, linear regulators offer lower noise and simpler designs. They are
    suitable for low-power applications where efficiency is not the primary concern. Low-
    dropout (LDO) linear regulators can improve efficiency when the input and output voltage
    difference is small.

    2. Component Selection: * High-Efficiency Transformers: For AC-DC power supplies, using


    high-efficiency transformers with low core losses minimizes energy wasted as heat during
    the conversion process. * Low-Loss Rectifiers: Schottky diodes offer lower forward voltage
    drop compared to standard silicon diodes, reducing power losses during rectification. * Low-
    ESR Capacitors: Capacitors with low equivalent series resistance (ESR) minimize energy
    losses due to internal resistance, improving overall efficiency

    Financial Aspects :-

    A. Fixed Capital

    (I). Land and Building :-

    Build up area 200 sq meters

    Office /Stores 50 sq. meters

    Factory 150 sq. meters


    (II). Plant and Machinery :-
    Sr.no Description Quantity (Nos) Rate Amount
    1 Bench Grinder 1 5,000 5,000
    2 Digital Multimeter ( 4 digit ) 1 8,500 8,500
    4
    3 Dimmer stats (4 and 8 amps) 2,000 8,000

    4 Drilling machine (1/2') 1 5,000 5,000


    5 H V tester 1 6,000 6,000
    6 Megger 1 4,500 4,500
    7 Multimeter Analog 3 1,000 3,000

    8 Oscilloscope dual trace (20 MHz) 2 20,000 40,000

    9 Panel meters 4 250 1,000


    10 True RMS meter (4 digit) 1 8,000 8,000
    11 Installation and electrification @ 8,900
    10% of machinery and
    equipments
    12 Office furniture and equipments 30,000
    13 Tools Dies and equipment's 20,000
    (iii) Pre-operative Expenses 10,000
    Total 1,57,900
    or Say 1,58,000

    B. Working Capital Per Month :-

    (i) Staff and Labour :-


    Experiment No
    :- PRN no :- 2132221
    (II). Plant and Machinery :-

    B. Working Capital Per Month :-

    (i) Staff and Labour :-

    Sr.no Designation No.of persons Salary/Month(Rs) Total Salary


    (Rs)
    1 Skilled workers 2Nos 3500 7,000
    2 Unskilled workers 1Nos 2000 2,000
    +Perquisites @15% of 1350
    salary
    10,350
    Total
    (ii) Raw material requirement per month :-
    (III) Utilities and Power :-

    (IV) Other Contingent Expenses Per Month :-

    C. Total Capital Investment :-

    D. Financial Analysis :-

    (I). Cost of Production Per Annum


    (II). Turnover Per Annum

    (III). Profit Per Annum (Before Taxes)

    D. Break Even Point Fixed Cost per annum :


    Additional Information :-

    Name and address of Machinery & Equipment Suppliers :-


    Machinery

    1. M/s. Quality Machine Tools 34, JC Road, VISL Building,


    Bangalore - 2.

    2. M/s. Swastic Machine Tools 4, Lata Chambers, Nasik -


    422002.

    Testing Equipment
    1. M/s. Applied Electronics Ltd. A - 5, Wagle Indl. Estate, Thane -
    4. Experiment No :- PRN no :- 2132221

    2. M/s. Peico Electronics & Electrical Ltd. Shivasagar Estate,


    Block - A, Dr.Annie Besant Road, Bombay - 12.

    3. M/s. Agronic Instruments (P) Ltd 201, Shiva Shakti Indl.


    Estate, Bombay - 86.

    4. M/s. Systronics 89 - 92, Indl. Area Naroda - 382330.


    5. M/s. Noble Electronic 354, Lajpat Rai Market, Delhi - 6.

    6. M/s. Meco Instruments Pvt. Ltd. Bharat Industrial Estate, T.J.


    Road, Sewree, Bombay - 400 015.

    Soldering Equipment & Circuit Aids

    1. M/s. Sysco Associates, 30/106, (New No. 234) 11 th Main,


    Malleswaram, Bangalore - 3.

    2. M/s. Navanidhi Electronics (P) Ltd., 1 - 60/1, Shehapuri,


    Nacharam, Hyderabad - 7.

    3. M/s. Inde Associates 16, Rest House Crescent, off Church St.
    Bangalore - 1.

    4. M/s. Bergen Associates P. Ltd. 1082, Sector 27B, Chandigarh


    - 19.

    5. M/s. Techtronics B - 70, End Cross, I Stage, Peenya Indl.


    Estate, Bangalore - 560058.

    6. M/s. Sumitron Marketing A - 46, Naraina Industrial Area,


    Phase - I, P.O.Box 10227, New Delhi - 28.

    7. M/s. Scientific Mes - Technic Pvt. Ltd. B - 4, Industrial Estate,


    Pologround, Indore - 452 003
    Raw Materials Suppliers

    1. M/s. Electronics Trade & Technology Dev. Corp. Ltd. New


    Delhi - 21.

    2. M/s. Amar Radio Corpn. 11/1, Thiglar Poriyanna Lane, SPP


    Road, Bangalore - 560002.

    3. M/s. Southern Electronics No. 113, Sadarpatrappa Road


    Bangalore - 2.

    4. M/s. Bharat Electronics Ltd. Jalahalli Post, Bangalore -


    560013.

    5. M/s. Continental Devices India Ltd. C - 120 Naraina Indl. Area


    N ew Delhi - 28.

    6. M/s. Hiprint Corporation 29 New Okhla Indl. Complex, Phase -


    1 New Delhi - 20.

    7. M/s. Precision Electronics Ltd. Unit I, 1 - 9E, DLF Industrial


    Area, Faridabad - 121003

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