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Set Operations

The document discusses set operations including union, intersection, and difference of sets. It defines each operation, provides examples, and discusses properties like commutative, associative, and distributive properties of set operations.

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Arlene Bendaña
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41 views5 pages

Set Operations

The document discusses set operations including union, intersection, and difference of sets. It defines each operation, provides examples, and discusses properties like commutative, associative, and distributive properties of set operations.

Uploaded by

Arlene Bendaña
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Set Operations

The set operations are performed on two or more sets to obtain a combination of elements as per
the operation performed on them. In a set theory, there are three major types of operations
performed on sets, such as:

1. Union of sets (∪)


2. Intersection of sets (∩)
3. Difference of sets ( – )

Let us discuss these operations one by one.

Union of Sets
If two sets A and B are given, then the union of A and B is equal to the set that contains all the
elements present in set A and set B. This operation can be represented as;
A ∪ B = {x: x ∈ A or x ∈ B}
Where x is the elements present in both sets A and B.
Example: If set A = {1,2,3,4} and B {6,7}
Then, Union of sets, A ∪ B = {1,2,3,4,6,7}
Venn Diagram of Union of sets
Intersection of Sets
If two sets A and B are given, then the intersection of A and B is the subset of universal set U,
which consist of elements common to both A and B. It is denoted by the symbol ‘∩’. This
operation is represented by:
A∩B = {x : x ∈ A and x ∈ B}
Where x is the common element of both sets A and B.
The intersection of sets A and B, can also be interpreted as:
A∩B = n(A) + n(B) – n(A∪B)
Where,
n(A) = cardinal number of set A,
n(B) = cardinal number of set B,
n(A∪B) = cardinal number of union of set A and B.
Example: Let A = {1,2,3} and B = {3,4,5}
Then, A∩B = {3}; because 3 is common to both the sets.
Venn Diagram of Intersection of sets

Intersection of Two Sets


Intersection of three sets

Difference of Sets
If there are two sets A and B, then the difference of two sets A and B is equal to the set which
consists of elements present in A but not in B. It is represented by A-B.
Example: If A = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} and B = {6,7} are two sets.
Then, the difference of set A and set B is given by;
A – B = {1,2,3,4,5}
We can also say, that the difference of set A and set B is equal to the intersection of set A with
the complement of set B. Hence,
A−B=A∩B ’

Venn Diagram of Difference of sets


Complement of Set
If U is a universal set and X is any subset of U then the complement of X is the set of all
elements of the set U apart from the elements of X.
X′ = {a : a ∈ U and a ∉ A}
Venn Diagram:
Example: U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
A = {1,2,5,6}
Then, complement of A will be;
A’ = {3,4,7,8}

Properties of Set Operations


Commutative Property
A∪B=B∪A
A∩B=B∩A
Associative Property
A ∪ (B ∪ C) = (A ∪ B) ∪ C
A ∩ (B ∩ C) = (A ∩ B) ∩ C
Distributive Property
A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C)

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