Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Here we introduce a smart weather reporting system over the Internet. Our introduced
system allows for weather parameter reporting over the Internet. It allows the people to directly
check the weather states online without the need of a weather forecasting agency. System uses
temperature, humidity as well as rain with humidity sensor to monitor weather and provide live
reporting of the weather statistics. The system constantly monitors temperature using
temperature sensor, humidity using humidity sensor and also for rain. Weather monitoring
system deals with detecting and gathering various weather parameters at different locations
which can be analyzed or used for weather forecasting.
The aim of this system is achieved by technologies such as Internet of Things (IOT) and
Cloud. The idea of internet of things is to connect a device to the internet and to other required
connected devices. Using Internet the information from the IOT device can easily be
transferred to the cloud and then from the cloud to the end user.
Weather Monitoring is an essential practical implementation of the concept of Internet of
Things, it involves sensing and recording various weather parameters and using them for alerts,
sending notifications, adjusting appliances accordingly and also for long term analysis. Also we
will try to identify and display trends in parameters using graphical representation.
The devices used for this purpose are used to collect, organize and display information. It
is expected that the internet of things is going to transform the world by monitoring and
controlling the phenomenon of environment by using sensors/devices which are able to capture,
process and transmit weather parameters. Cloud is availability of computer system resources
like data storage, computing power without direct active management of user.
The data captured is transmitted to the cloud so that the data could be further displayed.
Besides this, the system consists of components such as Arduino UNO board which is a
microcontroller board consisting of 14 digital pins, a USB connection and everything used to
support microcontroller; DHT11 is Temperature and humidity sensor which is used for
detecting these mentioned parameters; WIFI module is used to convert the data collected from
the sensors and then send it to the web server. So, in this way weather conditions of any
location can be monitored from any remote location in the world. The system constantly
transmits this data to the micro controller which now processes this data and keeps on
transmitting it to the online web server over a wifi connection. This data is live updated to be
viewed on the online server system.
 IoT Based Real-Time Weather Monitoring And Reporting System Introduction

Also system allows user to set alerts for particular instances. In today’s world many
pollution monitoring systems are designed by different environmental parameters. Existing
system model is presented IOT based Weather monitoring and reporting system where you can
collect, process, analyze, and present your measured data on web server. Wireless sensor
network management model consists of end device, router, gateway node and management
monitoring center. End device is responsible for collecting wireless sensor network data, and
sending them to parent node, then data are sent to gateway node from parent node directly or
by router. After receiving the data from wireless sensor network, gateway node extracts data
after analyzing and packaging them into Ethernet format data, sends them to the server. Less
formally, any device that runs server software.
1.1. OVERVIEW: -
Assemble all system as per circuit diagram. Program the NodeMCU using Arduino IDE.
You will get confirmation on your screen once The NodeMCU is a programable controller
which has inbuilt wi-fi module

We connect three sensors

1) BMP180

2) DHT11 and

3) Rain Sensor to NodeMCU.

By using these three sensors, we can collect the required weather data for monitoring
purpose. This pooled data is stream over the Internet to display it or read it from anywhere.
After the successfully programmed hardware, the NodeMCU get one IP address. We can
browse this IP address from any of WEB browser like Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer
etc.so we display the required live data which fetched by sensors in beautiful Graphical User
Interface format. The weather parameters that we monitor are Temperature, Pressure, Humidity
and Rain. Also, you can check whether data through anywhere using Internet as we hosted this
server publicly. We developed an android application for easy access to our weather
monitoring system.
1.2. Literature Review
In this paper, the author elaborates how the weather prediction system is becoming a
crucial challenge in every Weather extreme event that causes an adverse effect of the system on
lives and property as well. Hence the accuracy of weather data is being one of the critical
challenges to enhance the weather prediction skills and build up the resilience to effect of
detrimental weather report condition. The author describes that Uganda and various other

Dept.of CSE, CBIT 2 2023-24

 IoT Based Real-Time Weather Monitoring And Reporting System Introduction

Developing countries have looked challenges in developing timely & accurate weather data due
to scarce weathers observation. The scarce weather monitoring is a part of the high cost of
developing automatic weather situations. The restricted funding is available to national
meteorological services of the respective countries.

In this proposed system the author firstly takes care of the problems and then applies
them. The author proposed an Automatic weather monitoring Station based on a wireless sensor
network. The planning of the author is to develop three generations of Automatic weather
stations or AWS prototypes. In this research, the author evaluates the 1st- generation AWS
prototype to improve the 2nd generation depending upon the need and generation.

The author provides a suggestion to improve the nonfunctional requirement such a

power consumption, data accuracy, reliability, and data transmission in order to have an
Automatic Weather Station. The non-functional requirement collapsed with cost reduction in
order to produce a robust and affordable Automatic Weather Station (AWS) Therefore the
proposed work, like developing countries like Uganda will be able to acquire the AWS in
suitable quantities. So that it can improve the weather forecasting The author in presents an IoT-
based weather monitoring system.

In this research, the environmental parameter can be retrieved through sensors. The
author uses a different sensor to scale the various parameter like humidity, temperature,
pressure, rain value & the LDR sensor is used. The system also calculates the dew point value
from the temperature prototype. The temperature sensor can be used to measure the value of
the particular area, room, or any place. With the help of the LDR sensor, the light intensity can
be used as described by the author.

The author in this used an additional functionality of the weather monitoring as SMS
alert system based on the exceed the value of the sensing parameters as temperature, humidity,
pressure, light intensity, and rain value. The author also adds an email and tweet post alerting
system. The author in this system uses node MCU 8266, and various sensors. In this paper the
author represents a low-cost live weather monitoring system using OLED display, in which the
author displays the various fields where the IoT has produced innovative things in the system.

The author described A new revolutionary system. Which measures the real-time
Weather's condition. The monitoring weather situation is very much helpful for everyone either
for farmer or industry or daily working people or for school as well. So, the author by
developing a live weather monitoring system reduced the difficulty level for farmers and
industry as well. In this paper, the author uses an OLED display that will display the weather

Dept.of CSE, CBIT 3 2023-24

 IoT Based Real-Time Weather Monitoring And Reporting System Introduction

conditions and In the proposed model, the author uses an ESP8266-EX microcontroller- based
WeMos D1 board executed on Arduino, that retrieved the data from the cloud. WeMos D1 is a
wifi module that is developed on ESP- 8266EX microcontroller.

It has a 4MB flash memory. It one of the Excellent which is programmed with node
MCU and Arduino ide. In this paper Author uses only two gadgets to measure the weather
conditions i.e., Wemos and OLED, After the connection, it will store the data on the cloud for
storing data a thing speak website is used to display the data regarding weather. The system
displays the data on OLED and thing speak cloud.

The author's aim is to obtain live information on weather conditions on OLED display.
The author in [4], proposed a system that monitors and predicts the weather condition by which
anyone can plan for our day-to-day life. This activity became helpful in every field either in
agriculture or industry. So as to achieve monitoring and predicting weather info, the author
uses 2 stages of the weather management system. In which they amalgamated the information
from the sensors, bus mobility, and deep learning technology is used to allow a weather
reporting system in stations and buses in real-time.

Forecasting of weather is achieved through the friction model. Depending upon the
sensing measurement from vehicles like buses, the work incorporates the strength of local
information processing. The author talks about in stage-I, sensing of weather’s condition,
multilayer perception model and long-term memory are trained and then it will verify using
temperature data, humidity, air pressure of test environment. In Stage-II, the training is applied
to learn the time series of weather information. To get accurate data or not, to check the system
performance, the author comparing the predicted weather data and actually obtained data from
the environment Protection Administrator and central Baeuro of Taichung observation system
that calculate the prediction of accuracy.

The author finally talks about the proposed system has reliable performance on
monitoring of weather. And this model also proposed a one-day weather forecast or prediction
via the training model. So finally, the author demonstrates that this system presents a real-time
weather monitoring and prediction system using bus information management.

The author represents 4 basic

components 1- Information

management.
2- Interactive bus stop

3- Machine learning predictive model

Dept.of CSE, CBIT 4 2023-24

 IoT Based Real-Time Weather Monitoring And Reporting System Introduction

4- weather information platform.

In this, information shown via dynamic chart. The author [5], implement an IoT-based
weather monitoring system, in this research paper, the author describes that how with the help
of IoT technology, the weather can be monitored. And which provide the info of climate-
changing conditions. With the help of this project, people can be aware of the climate condition
changes. It gives an accurate and efficient output and the algorithm as the swarm is used to
implement for further improving the accuracy. So, in this project, the author aims to make a
weather monitoring with the help of IoT.
In this project, the hardware and software are used which makes it easy to implement. In
the project, the author uses a different sensor to collect the information of the climate and
stored it in the cloud. For this storage, the website www.thingspeak.com is commonly used for
Internet of things projects. And from the cloud storage space, it extracts the whole weather data
and uploads it to the android mobile application using an API key. Tools which detect the rain
drops, is called rain sensor. Once the plague reveals the raindrops on the strips and the voltage
is considered from that.

The author provides a suggestion to improve the nonfunctional requirement such a

power consumption, data accuracy, reliability, and data transmission in order to have an
Automatic Weather Station. The non-functional requirement collapsed with cost reduction in
order to produce a robust and affordable Automatic Weather Station (AWS) Therefore the
proposed work, like developing countries like Uganda will be able to acquire the AWS in
suitable quantities. So that it can improve the weather forecasting The author in presents an IoT-
based weather monitoring system.

In this research, the environmental parameter can be retrieved through sensors. The
author uses a different sensor to scale the various parameter like humidity, temperature,
pressure, rain value & the LDR sensor is used. The system also calculates the dew point value
from the temperature prototype. The temperature sensor can be used to measure the value of
the particular area, room, or any place. With the help of the LDR sensor, the light intensity can
be used as described by the author.

The author in this used an additional functionality of the weather monitoring as SMS
alert system based on the exceed the value of the sensing parameters as temperature, humidity,
pressure, light intensity, and rain value. The author also adds an email and tweet post alerting
system. The author in this system uses node MCU 8266, and various sensors. In this paper the
author represents a low-cost live weather monitoring system using OLED display, in which the
author displays the various fields where the IoT has produced innovative things in the system.
Dept.of CSE, CBIT 5 2023-24
 IoT Based Real-Time Weather Monitoring And Reporting System Introduction

Dept.of CSE, CBIT 6 2023-24

 IoT Based Real-Time Weather Monitoring And Reporting System Introduction

Dept.of CSE, CBIT 7 2023-24