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FT 311 Thermal Processing Assignemtn

The document discusses several thermal processing calculations related to food engineering. It provides data on decimal reduction times and D-values for various bacteria at different temperatures. It includes examples of calculating time required for thermal processes, final microbial load, lethal rate, and determining if a process will achieve commercial sterility based on calculated F0 values.

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42 views9 pages

FT 311 Thermal Processing Assignemtn

The document discusses several thermal processing calculations related to food engineering. It provides data on decimal reduction times and D-values for various bacteria at different temperatures. It includes examples of calculating time required for thermal processes, final microbial load, lethal rate, and determining if a process will achieve commercial sterility based on calculated F0 values.

Uploaded by

rmotsy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APPLIED SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

FOOD TECHNOLOGY

FT 311 FOOD ENGINEERING II


LECTURER: REILLY Y NIGO

ASSIGNMENT 4: THERMAL PROCESSING CALCULATION

RUBY MOPAFI
21500150
BFTE / 3
ASSIGNMENT 4: THERMAL PROCESSING CALCULATION

2. A thermal processing experiment established that a certain bacteria was found to have a D value of around
0.82 min. According to lab analysis it was found that two test tubes had microbial load of 10 10 ml -1 and 1011
ml -1 . If a 7D process was to be applied, what will be the time required for heating for the process and the
final microbial load in the two test tubes?

Time Required
For 7D process, same bacteria with same D value
Fo (min) = 7D
= 7 x 0.82
= 5.74 minutes

Final microbial load


Seven decimal reduction is = 7D process: ie reduces number of micro organisms by 7 log cycles:
Test tube 1 Test tube 2
1010 – 107 = 103 10 11 – 107 = 104
Final population is 1000 / ml Final population is 10 000 / ml

3. Calculate the L value for Cl.sporongenes where z = 11 0C and the process temperature is 116 0C. Assuming
the process factor to be 10D and the decimal reduction time to be 1.3 min at 121 0C for Cl.sporongenes ,
determine if a process at 116 0C for 25 min will impart commercial sterility.

To impart commercial safety: Fo (cal) > Fo (min)

Fo (min) Fo (cal)
= 10 D = L∆t
( T – 121) / z ( 116 – 121) / 11
= 10 x 1.3 = 10 x 25 = 10 x 25
= 13 minutes = 8.87 minutes

Since Fo (cal) < Fo (min), this process will NOT impart commercial sterility
5. Given the following data calculate using GRAPH paper:
Decimal reduction time of Temperature ( 0C)
organism (min)
0.020 132
0.110 124
0.405 118
2.80 110
10.05 104

Temperature History of Can:


Time from start of Process Temperature at can
(min) center (0C)
10 92
12 107
14 115
18 119
22 119
26 120
28 120.5
30 120.5
32 120.5
33 119
34 117
35 102

(a) z and D 121 for the organism


Graph plotted for D vs Temp:

z = 10 0C
D121 = 0.25 min
(b) The Fo value of the process

Heat penetration data


Time (min)m Temp (0C) L dt L x dt
10 92 0.00 1 0.00
12 107 0.04 2 0.08
14 115 0.25 2 0.50
18 119 0.63 4 2.52
22 119 0.63 4 2.52
26 120 0.79 4 3.16
28 120.5 0.89 2 1.78
30 120.5 0.89 2 1.78
32 120.5 0.89 2 1.78
33 119 0.63 1 0.63
34 117 0.40 1 0.40
35 102 0.01 1 0.01

Graph of Leathality Curve : Graph of L vs Time

Boxes in 1 minute = 20 boxes


Total boxes under curve = (11 x 20 ) + 65 = 285
Fo (cal) = 285 / 20 = 14 .25 min
(c) If 12D process is used, will the process impart commercial sterility?

Fo (min) = 12 D = 12 x 0.25 = 3 min

To impart commercial safety: Fo (cal) > Fo (min). Since 14.25 min > 3 min . This process WILL impart
commercial sterility.

6. The temperature history was obtained from a heat penetration experiment done tomato soup. It is
established that the likely bacterial that is likely to survive has: D 121 = 0.3 min , Z = 10 0C and a 12D
process is to be used.
Estimate the F o value if the process was shortened by 9 minutes.

Heat Penetration Data


Time from start of Process Temperature at can center
(min) (0C)
17 84
21 90
25 94
29 99
33 103
37 105
41 108
45 110
49 111
53 112
57 114
61 115
65 115
69 116
71 116
72 117
73 116
74 116
75 117
76 111
77 105
78 102
79 96
Calculations
Time (min) Temp (0C) L dt L x dt
17 84 0.00 1 0.000
21 90 0.00 4 0.003
25 94 0.00 4 0.008
29 99 0.01 4 0.025
33 103 0.02 4 0.063
37 105 0.03 4 0.100
41 108 0.05 4 0.200
45 110 0.08 4 0.318
49 111 0.10 4 0.400
53 112 0.13 4 0.504
57 114 0.20 4 0.798
61 115 0.25 4 1.005
65 115 0.25 4 1.005
69 116 0.32 4 1.265
71 116 0.32 2 0.632
72 117 0.40 1 0.398
73 116 0.32 1 0.316
74 116 0.32 1 0.316
75 117 0.40 1 0.398
76 111 0.10 1 0.100
77 105 0.03 1 0.025
78 102 0.01 1 0.013
79 96 0.00 1 0.003

Leathality Graph showing both the full cooking process and the shortened cooking process
This is a 12D process
= 12 x D = 12 x 0.3 = 3.6 min

Full cooking – without 9 min shortening time


Boxes in 1 min = 20
Total boxes under curve = (3 x 20 ) + 85 = 145
Fo (cal) = 145 / 20 = 7. 25 min

Cooking in 9 min shortening time


Boxes in 1 min = 20
Total boxes under curve = (3 x 20 ) 45 + = 105
Fo (cal) = 105 / 20 = 5.25 min

To impart commercial safety: Fo (cal) > Fo (min). Since 5.25 min > 3.6 min, the process will still impart
commercial sterility.

7. A low acid food is to be produced using a process. Following data was used. Reference temperature = 121
0
C, Z = 10 0C, Tr = 118 0 C, Tih = 78 0 C, jh = 2.00, jc = 1.00, fh = fc= 25 min, B = 44 min, l = 10 min.

Data Given:
Reference temperature = 121 0C fh = fc= 25 min
0
Z = 10 C B = 44 min
Tr = 118 0 C l = 10 min
Tih = 78 0 C j c = 1.00 min
jh = 2.00 min

(a) What is the Fo value of the process?


To find Fo, U = F x F1 can be used to calculate F value

Where F1:
= 10 (121 – Tr / z) = 10 (121 – 118 / 10) = 1.995

To establish U:

B = fh [log(jh.Ih)-log(g)]
44 = 25 [ log ( 2 x ( 118 – 78) ) - log (g) ]
44 = 25 [ log 80 – log g ]
1.76 = log 80 – log g
log g = log 80 – 1.76
log g = 0.14309
g = 10 0.14309
g = 1.39024

From the table, when g = 1.39024, z= 10 and jc = 1

fh /U’ = 1.61638 ( through interpolation )


Thus:
U = fh = 25 = 15.467
U’ 1.61638

Therefore :
Fo = U / F1 = 15.467 / 1.995 = 7.753
Fo = 7.75 minutes
(b) What would be the B and P t values respectively if all the data collected above is used ? Assume F o
value is 5 minutes.

When Fo = 5 min
U = 5 x 1.995 = 9.975
fh /U = 25/ 9.975 = 2.506

From the table, when fh /U =2.506, z= 10 and jc = 1


g = 2.603 ( through interpolation )

To find B :
B = fh [log(jh.Ih)-log(g)]
= 25 [ log ( 2 x ( 118 – 78) ) - log (2.603) ]
= 25 x 1.48762
= 37.19 minutes

To find Pt :
Pt = B –( 0.4 x 10)
= 37.19 –( 0.4 x 10)
= 33.19 minutes

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