1

SCIENCE 9 PHYISICS 4TH QUARTER WEEK 1

NAME: _______________________________________ SECTION_____________ DATE: _________ SCORE: _______
MELC 34: Describe the horizontal and vertical motions Quick Recall
of projectile S9FE-IVa-34
Try This! Identify the quantities described below. (refer to
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: Please write all your answers the quantities in the table above)
on a separate sheet of paper. Do not forget to write your
name on the answer sheet. Do as instructed in every 1.________ is a scalar quantity that refers to "how fast an
activity. Follow the Weekly Home Learning Plan (WHLP) object is moving." It can be thought of as the rate at which an
given to you. Use a black or blue pen. object covers distance.
2.________is defined as a vector measurement of the rate
Lesson 1 Uniformly Accelerated Motion and direction of motion. It is the speed at which something
(refer to your book on pp. 233-241) moves in one direction.
I.Specific Objective 3.________ is the rate of change of the velocity of an object
with respect to time. It is a vector quantity in that it has
Describe the linear motion of an object magnitude and direction.
Investigate the motion of free falling objects 4.________ is a vector quantity that refers to "how far out of
Describe the Uniformly Accelerated Motion (UAM) place an object is. It is the object's overall change in position
qualitatively and quantitatively. 5.________ is the measured or measurable period during
which an action, process, or condition exists or continues :
II. References: duration
Science 9 Learner’s Module,1st Edition,2014. pp 3 - 16 Development of the Lesson
Science 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Self-Learning Consider a ball rolling on a plane. Positions taken at
equal time intervals are indicated in the figure below.
III. Lesson Proper
Try this activity to further understand acceleration.
Predevelopment of the Lesson
In physics, motion is the phenomenon in which an object
Activity 1: Object in Motion: Horizontal Dimension
changes its position over time. Motion is mathematically
described in terms of displacement, distance, velocity,
acceleration, speed, and time. Objective:
Describe the linear motion of the object
Let us take a review of some concepts you have previously Material:
learned. What is speed, velocity, and acceleration? What is Picture
the difference between speed and velocity? Procedure:
Analyze the figure below and answer the following
These words are associated with mathematical quantities that guide questions.
have strict definitions. The mathematical quantities that are
used to describe the motion of objects can be divided into two
categories. The quantity is either a vector or a scalar. These
two categories can be distinguished from one another by their
distinct definitions: Scalars are quantities that are fully
described by a magnitude (or numerical value) alone (e.g.
speed, temperature) .Vectors are quantities that are fully
described by both a magnitude and a direction (e.g. velocity,
acceleration).
Figure 1. A rolling ball on an inclined plane
Example Category Quantities Unit
a. 5 m Scalar Distance M Guide Questions:

b. 30 m/sec, East Vector Velocity m/s, direction 1. What is observed on the velocity of the ball as
c. 35 m/sec Scalar Speed m/s it rolls down an inclined plane?____________
2. How much is the change in velocity in every
c. 5 mi., North Vector Displacement m, direction second?______________________________
d. 34 m/s2, West Vector Acceleration m/s2, direction 3. Does the ball accelerate?________________
4. What is its acceleration? Note: a=V2-V1 / t2-t1
e. 60 seconds Scalar Time S
5. Describe the acceleration of the object by
Table 1. Scalar and Vector Quantities completing the statement.
 2

If a body maintains a constant change in 5. Describe the acceleration of the object by

________ in a given time interval along a completing the statement.
straight line, then the body is said to have a Objects thrown upward or dropped, always
uniform ____________. fall back to the ground at a constant
____________ which has a magnitude of
Activity 2 Object in Motion:Vertical Dimension _________ due to ___________.

Objective: In the activities, you were able to grasp the idea that
Investigate the motion of a free falling object constant acceleration means velocity changing at a constant
Material: rate since the rate of change of velocity is acceleration. A
Picture uniformly accelerated motion is the one in which the
Procedure: acceleration of the object throughout the motion is uniform.
Look closely at the picture. Analyze the motion of
the ball dropped at a certain height using the given data. When an object is dropped, the object starts from rest and
Answer the guide questions. gain speed as it falls. This gain in speed indicates that the
object accelerates as it falls because of gravity g.

Assuming no air resistance, all problems involving motion of

falling objects can be solved by using the equations for
accelerated motion. (Refer to Table 5 Summary of Uniformly
Accelerated Motion (UAM) Formulae on page 241)

Although we speak of falling objects, objects in upward

motion experience the same free fall acceleration. The
velocity decreases as the object rises until its velocity
momentarily zero as its reaches the maximum height and
then falls back toward the earth with increasing velocity.

The up and down travel of an object is symmetrical in space

and time around the maximum height reached. This means
that if air resistance is neglected, the object will move the
same speed at the same height whether it’s on its way up or
down.

Lesson 2 Projectile Motion

(refer to your book on pp 242-255)

Figure 2. A ball is dropped from the top of a cliff Specific Objectives:

Define what a projectile and projectile motion is
Time, t Distance, d Velocity, v Acceleration, a Describe the motion of a projectile horizontally and vertically
(s) (m) (m/s) (m/s2) a=v/t
0 0 0 0 Predevelopment of the lesson
1 4.9 9.8 9.8 Have you noticed how basketball player makes a
2 19.6 19.6 9.8 three-point score? How would you trace the path the ball
3 44.1 29.4 9.8 goes? The ball is thrown with an initial velocity and travels a
4 78.4 39.2 9.8 curved path.
5 122.5 49 9.8
Table 2. Motion of the ball dropped from a cliff

Guide Questions:
1. What can you say about the objects distance
travelled as it falls down? _________________
2. What is the velocity of the ball before it is dropped?
3. What is the stone’s velocity before it hits the
ground?_______________________________ Figure 3. Motion of a basketball
4. What is the change in velocity as the stone falls
down every second?______________________
 3

Development of the Lesson Projectile Motion Non-projectile Motion

e.g A VOLLEY BALL BEING CAR RACING
The ball moves along a curved path downward due to SERVED
gravitational force or gravity. It is the natural force that
causes objects to fall toward the earth. Hence the
acceleration due to gravity is always directed downwards.
With this the motion of the ball undergoes projectile
motion.

Projectile motion is a form of motion where an object

moves in a curved path. The object that is thrown or
Table 4. Projectile Motion or Non Projectile Motion
projected and exhibits projectile motion is called projectile.
The curve-like path undertake by a projectile is called Have you noticed the curved/ parabolic path they
trajectory. make in mid-air? This curved path is what naturally happens
Let us see if you can identify a projectile. when a projectile moves in two dimensions – having both
horizontal and vertical motion components of velocity acted
Activity 3 Are you a Projectile? by gravity only.
Let us take a look at the figure below.
Objective:
Identify objects as projectiles
Materials: Coin A Coin B
Pictures, phrases of games and sports in a box
Procedure:
I. Identify if the following illustrations are projectile or not.
Choose the letter(s) of the correct answer.

Figure 6. Coin in free fall and projectile motion

Try this activity and analyze the motion of a free falling body
and a projectile.

Place a ruler on the table as shown in the figure. Then put

one coin (coin A) on top of the ruler and the other coin (coin
Figure 4. Identifying motion of a projectile B) at the edge of the table. Flick the ruler to allow both coins
to fall.
What do you observe when the ruler is flicked?
II. Classify the sports/game phrases if it exhibits projectile
motion or not. Complete the table below When the ruler is flicked, coin A falls freely straight to the
ground and coin B is projected with an initial horizontal
A A A FLIGHT CAR SMASHING velocity following a curved path and landed at a certain
VOLLEY MOTORBIKE OF A RACING OF distance away from the table.
BALL TAKING OFF SOCCER SHUTTLE
BEING ON A RAMP BALL COCK
SERVED The coins hit the floor at the same time although the
projectile has travelled some horizontal distance from the
point of release. This suggests that coin B is in projectile
100m A DRAGON SLICE SHORT motion which is a combination of vertical and horizontal
DASH BASEBALL BOAT SERVING COURSE
HIT BY A PADDLING OF THE SWIMMING motion that are completely independent of each other.
BAT RACE PING
PONG Horizontal and Vertical Motion of a Projectile
BALL
Figure 5. Sports/Game Phrases Projectiles include objects that are thrown horizontally as
well as objects that are projected at an angle such as:
making a free throw in basketball, serving a volleyball,
 4

batting a baseball and dropping a package of relief goods Figure 8. Motion diagram of a cannon ball launched
from a helicopter. horizontally
Guide questions:
You have found out that the motion of a projectile consist of
two motions working independently the horizontal motion 1. What is the balls initial vertical velocity (Vy) as it was
(motion along x) and the vertical motion (motion along y). launched horizontally?______
What about its initial horizontal velocity (Vx)?_____
Type I: Horizontally Launched Projectiles 2. What can you say about the horizontal velocity (Vx)
of the ball before it hits the ground?(increases,
A projectile launched horizontally has no initial vertical decreases, remains constant)
velocity. Thus, its vertical motion is identical to that of a
What about its vertical velocity?(increases,
dropped object. The downward velocity increases uniformly
due to gravity as shown by the vector arrows of increasing decreases, remains constant)
lengths. The horizontal velocity is uniform. 3. Which of the two motions shows that the cannon ball
accelerate? (vertical motion, horizontal motion)
Why?_________________________________
4. Describe the trajectory of the ball as it was launched
horizontally from the top of the cliff.

Type II: Angle-Launched Projectiles

When a projectile is launched upward at an angle, its velocity

has two components:

1. a constant horizontal velocity that moves in the same

direction as the launch, the acceleration of which is zero; and
2. an upward positive vertical velocity component that is
decreasing in magnitude until it becomes zero at the top of the
trajectory (therefore it no longer goes up any further). But
Figure 7: Graphical Representation of Horizontally because gravity makes it accelerates downward at a rate of
Launched Projectile 9.8 m/s per second or 9.8 m/s2 , (therefore it stays at rest only
for an instant) it will start to descend with an increasing
Activity 4 Horizontally Launched Cannon Ball negative vertical velocity until it is stopped by something.
So as the projectile moves forward horizontally with uniform
Objective:
Describe the motion of the cannon ball launched velocity, its vertical velocity is also accelerated creating a
horizontally trajectory that is a parabola.
Material:
Picture
Procedure:
Suppose a cannon ball is released from the top of a
cliff. Observe the motion of the cannon ball as it falls down
into the ground. Answer the guide questions that follow.

Figure 9: Graphical Representation of Horizontally

Launched Projectile
 5

Activity 5: Vertically Launched Ball _______ 2. In an angle-launched projectile, its vertical

velocity (Vy) decreases as it moves upward.
Objective: _______ 3. In an angle-launched projectile, a projectile
Describe the motion of a projectile
momentarily stops at its maximum height.
Material:
Picture _______ 4. The vertical velocity (Vy) of the projectile
Procedure: decreases as it moves downward.
Let us take a look at the illustration below and _______ 5.A projectile is any object upon which the
discuss the motion of the ball as it was thrown in the only force acting on it is gravity.
air. _______ 6.Projectiles travel with a parabolic
trajectory due to the influence of gravity.
_______ 7.Gravity does not affect the horizontal
C motion of the project, hence, horizontal acceleration is
zero.
_______ 8. The horizontal velocity (Vx) of a projectile
B D is not constant.
_______ 9.The vertical acceleration of a projectile is
9.8 m/s2.
A E ______ 10. The horizontal motion of a projectile is
W independent to its vertical motion.

MELC 35: Investigate the relationship between the angle

Figure 10. Motion diagram of a ball thrown at an angle
of release and the height and the range of projectile
Guide Questions: S9FE-IVa-35

1. For angle-launched projectile like the ball, the GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: Please write all your answers
horizontal velocity (Vx) (increases, decreases, on a separate sheet of paper. Do not forget to write your
remains constant) and its vertical velocity (Vy) name on the answer sheet. Do as instructed in every
activity. Follow the Weekly Home Learning Plan (WHLP)
(increases, decreases, remains constant) as
given to you. Use a black or blue pen.
it moves upward. (choose the word that
supports the statement). Lesson 3 Relationship between the angle of release, the
2. What is the horizontal velocity (Vx) of the ball as height and the range
it reaches the maximum height? Lesson Objectives
What about its vertical velocity (Vy)? 1. Describe the relationship between the initial velocity
3. Describe the horizontal velocity (Vx) and and the height and range of the projectile with
constant angle of release
vertical velocity (Vy) of the ball from the highest
2. Describe the relationship between the angle of
point to the ground. release and the height and range of the projectile
4. At which two points are the vertical velocities the with constant initial velocity
same?
5. Which of the two motions shows that the ball Predevelopment of the Lesson
accelerate? (vertical motion, horizontal From the previous lesson, you are introduced to the basic
motion) Why? concepts of projectile motion such as trajectory and
definition of a projectile itself. A body in projectile motion
6. Describe the path travelled by the ball until it has been established to have a parabolic trajectory with
reaches the ground. horizontal and vertical components. The horizontal
component of projectile motion (with respect to the x-axis)
EVALUATION: has the acceleration equal to zero since the velocity is
constant. On the other hand, the vertical component of
True or False: Write TRUE in the space provided if the
acceleration is constant which is acceleration due to gravity
statement is correct and write FALSE if the statement is (9.8 m/s2). Therefore, projectile motion is the combination of
incorrect. 1pt each horizontal motion with constant velocity and vertical motion
_______ 1. The horizontal velocity (Vx) in horizontally with constant acceleration.
launched projectiles is always constant.
 6

When talking about a motion of a body, one of the

things that should be pointed out is the position of a body. Let
a body be at a point before is starts its motion called origin O
shown in the figure below. The point at point O represents the
body with that will be in projectile motion

The body then reaches the same plane at the origin shown
below. The vertical position of the body then again becomes
equal to zero (y = 0).

The conditions for projectile motion to happen is that the body

is given an initial velocity ⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝑣𝑜 at an angle of inclination 𝜃. Now
let us trace the trajectory of the body. The body starts at the
point origin O where the motion starts (y = 0)

Development of the Lesson

A body is in motion when it is displaced over a certain

amount of time or when an initial velocity is applied. Since
projectile motion is considered as 2-Dimentional motion, an
object is displaced two ways, horizontally (how far) or
vertically (how high). The amount of how far and how high
an object reaches is dependent upon 1) how fast it leaves its
As what is shown in the figure, the trajectory of the body is initial position (initial velocity) and 2) the angle at which it
parabolic. The figure above shows the position of the body leaves from its initial position (angle of inclination).
isascending since the vertical component of velocity 𝑣𝑦
going up. The peak of the parabola is where the vertical Key Components of Projectile Motion
component of motion is zero (𝒗𝒚 = 𝟎). The peak of the
parabola is the highest point where the body could be at its Time of Flight, T:
The time of flight of a projectile motion is exactly what it
trajectory (y is maximum).
sounds like. It is the time from when the object is projected
to the time it reaches the surface.
Maximum Height, H:
The maximum height of a object in a projectile trajectory
occurs when the vertical component of velocity, Vy equals
zero.
Range of the Projectile, R:
The range of the projectile is the displacement in the
horizontal direction.
Angle of Inclination, θ:
It is the angle the object must be launched at in order to
achieve a specific distance. An object launched into
projectile motion will have an initial launch angle anywhere
from 0 to 90 degrees.
reaching the highest position, the body position of the body
starts descending at the same direction of 𝑣𝑦 . Let us find out the relationship of these key terms as we
analyze objects in projectile motion.
 7

Activity 1 Picture Analysis Procedure:

Objective: Analyze the graph below and describe the
Investigate the relationship between initial velocity, relationship between the angle of inclination, height, & range
angle of inclination, and range of objects in projectile motion of a projectile launched with the same initial velocity
Material:
Pictures
Procedure:

There are more examples of objects in projectile motion

given below. Supply the most possible answer to the events
with regards to projectile motion.

Figure 3. Graphical representation of projectile motion

Figure 1. Monkey Jumping to another tree launched at different angles

1. The monkey is trying to jump on the branch of Initial Angle (˚) Range Height Time (s)
another tree. Given the same initial velocity, if the Velocity (m) (m)
monkey jumps at an angle higher than 38 degrees, 15 5.00 0.3 0.52
will it land on the same spot? Why? 30 8.7 1.2 1.00
20 m/s 45 10 2.5 1.41
60 8.7 3.7 1.73
90 0 4.7 1.93
Table 1. Reflected data from figure 2

Guide Questions:
1. Compare the locations of the trajectory peaks in
terms of maximum height, H max reached.
2. Compare the horizontal distances, x (range)
reached when they return to the elevation from
which they were projected.
3. Among the trajectories of projectiles fired at
different angles, for the same launching velocity,
Figure 2. Boy Kicking a Soccer Ball which covered the greatest range (horizontal
2. Give 2 ways on how to increase the distance distance in the x-axis)?
travelled by the ball after kicking. (Clues: Find a 4. Among the trajectories of projectiles fired at
different angles, for the same launching velocity,
soccer ball or any similar body that could be kicked
which recorded the highest peak?
to find out)
5. Which pairs of trajectories have ranges that are
Activiy 2 Graphical Analysis: Relationship between equal?
height, angle of inclination, and range 6. At which angle hang time is
a.shortest_______ B.longest_______
Objective: 7. At the same initial velocity, how does the angle of
Investigate the relationship between the projection angle, the projection affects
height and range of a projectile a. the range____________________
b. the height____________________
Material:
Motion graph of projectile launched at different
angles with the same initial velocity
 8

EVALUATION: Word Recall

Fill in the blanks to complete the statements. Instruction: Read the words in the WORD BOX. Can you
find all the words hidden in the puzzle? Circle each word you
How far the range is dependent upon1.- find. You might find the words spelled across, down, and
___________, 2._________, or both. Changing one or both diagonally. The words might be spelled forward or backward.
variables leads to either increase or decrease of the range of
the projectile. However, given that the initial velocity does F A T I M E R M I
not change, the range may increase or decrease according
to the angle of inclination. As the angle of inclination O D E M H V G A S
3._______, the range increases. 4.________, the range R U Z P O E L S T
decreases. While range varies as the angle of inclination C A L U P T E S X
varies, the direction of the projectile ALWAYS follows the
direction of the 5.__________ applied since the horizontal E V E L O C I T Y
component velocity of projectile motion is constant. The N O I S I L L O C
relationship between the angle of inclination is
M O M E N T U M N
6.______________ to the range of projectile given that initial
velocity is constant. Increasing the angle of inclination
increases the maximum7. ________reached by the Momentum Impulse Mass Collision
projectile.
Velocity Motion Time Force
MELC 36 Relate impulse and momentum to collision of
objects (e.g. vehicular collision S9FE-IVb-36
Development of the Lesson
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: Please write all your answers
on a separate sheet of paper. Do not forget to write your Momentum is another commonly used word in physics. You
name on the answer sheet. Do as instructed in every may have heard a basketball game announcer say that the
activity. Follow the Weekly Home Learning Plan (WHLP) team lost its momentum and so it lost the game. This then
given to you. Use a black or blue pen. may be used to describe how a football player who is
running down a field is able to knockdown players who are
on his way.
Lesson 1 Momentum Consider a cargo truck with a mass of 10,000 kilograms
(refer to your book on pp.256-263) traveling at a velocity of 40 kilometers per hour and a small
car with a mass of 2000 kilograms traveling at the same
Specific Objectives: velocity as shown below. If the two vehicles suddenly lose
Describe momentum their breaks and crash against the brick wall, which do you
Identify the factors that affect momentum think would be more damaging? On what factor would the
Relate momentum to collision impact of collision depend if their velocities are the same?

Predevelopment of Lesson

In the previous lesson, we talked about projectile motion. At

this point, you already know how to describe the motions
and the relationship of the components of a projectile.
Suppose you play basketball with your friends. What will
happen to the ball if it hits the board instead of inside the
ring? How about if you bump into another player that is
bigger than you?

One of the most common team sports is basketball. Imagine

two teams who are involved in a really tight tournament Figure 1. Car-truck crashing on a brick wall
quarterfinals. Team A has 2 points ahead of Team B. Later If you suggested that it would be the mass of the
on in the match, a player from Team B scores a three-point truck, then you are correct. Although the two vehicles have
shot and followed by a series of 2-point shots from the said the same velocities but different masses, the impact of the
team. Team B couldn’t stop their momentum. What do you truck’s collision with the brick wall is far damaging compared
mean by Momentum? with the impact of the car’s collision with the brick wall.
 9

The usage of the words in this situations suggests b. it decreases

the idea of mass in motion. The idea seems to suggest that c. it does not change at all
heavy or massive objects have greater momentum even if
3. There were only 25 passengers in the bus. Along
they are moving slowly. But this does not seem to be true the way, 5 passengers drop at Laguindingan bus
always. A light object can have as much as a heavy object’s stop, and another 4 passengers dropped-off at Opol
momentum depending on how fast it moves. These bus stop. What can you say about the mass of the
observations lead to the more technical definition of bus?
a. it increases
momentum
b. it decreases
In the example above, these are the things we need c. it does not change at all
4. What can you say about the momentum of an object
to consider in defining momentum:
when the velocity increases or decreases?
a. The object has mass a._________________________________________
b. The object is moving If the mass is increased or decreased?
Any moving object with a quantity of matter has b.________________________________________
momentum. Momentum simply means "mass in motion." It is
What is the momentum of an object that is not
equal to the product of mass and velocity.
moving?c._________________________________
Mathematically, it is expressed as B. Given the following data, solve for momentum
using the formula p = mv.
Object Mass (kg) Velocity(m/s) Momentum
𝒑=𝒎 ∙𝒗 (kg.m/s)
Bird 0.13 18 1.
where: Basketball 100 5 2.
Player
p is the momentum in kg ∙ m/s Buller 0.004 600 3.
Baseball 0.14 30 4.
m is the mass of the moving object in kg Frog 0.9 12 5.
Table 1. Momentum of Different Objects
ν refers to velocity of the moving object in m/s
From the concepts that you have learned, answer the
Let us perform some activities to further understand checkup questions:
momentum.
6. Which has more momentum, a huge truck that is not
Activity 1 Investigating Momentum moving or a small toy cart that is moving?

Objectives: 7. A moving car has momentum. If it moves twice as fast, its

Identify the factors that affect momentum momentum would be__________ (decreased, doubled) as
Materials: much.
Sample situation and table showing mass and
velocity 8. Two cars, one twice as heavy as the other, moves down a
Procedure: hill at the same time. The heavier car would have a
A. Let us first consider the situation below and try to _________ (greater, lesser) momentum.
answer the given questions. Choose the letter of
Lesson 2 Impulse
the best answer.
(refer to your book on pp.256-263)
1. Suppose you ride a bus from Iligan City to Cagayan
de Oro City. What do you think will happen to the Specific Objectives:
bus after if it passes along a curvy road? Define impulse
a. The bus slows down. Identify factors that may contribute to changes in momentum
b. The bus speeds up or moves faster. Relate impulse to collision
c. The bus’ velocity will not change
2. After passing curvy road, the bus travels in a What causes changes in momentum?
straight road. How will you describe the velocity of When the object slows down or moves faster, its velocity
the bus? decreases or increases. If there is a change in the velocity or
a. it increases
 10

the mass of an object, there is also a change in momentum. You know already that any moving object has momentum. It
Any object with momentum is going to be hard to stop. To is equal to the product of mass and velocity. Impulse, on the
stop such an object, it is necessary to apply a force against other hand is a change in momentum of a moving object.
its motion for a given period of time. The more momentum What will happen to a moving object if it collides with another
that an object has, the harder that it is to stop. Thus, it would object?
require a greater amount of force or a longer amount of time
or both to bring such an object to a halt. As the force acts From the given situation, is there a change in momentum
upon the object for a given amount of time, the object's after hitting ball # 1?
velocity is changed; and hence, the object's momentum is Let’s find out.
changed. That change of momentum is called Impulse.
These concepts are merely an outgrowth of Newton's
second law as discussed in an earlier unit. Newton's second
law (Fnet = m • a) stated that the acceleration of an object is
directly proportional to the net force acting upon the object
and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. When
combined with the definition of acceleration (a = change in
velocity / time), the following equalities result. Figure 2. Billiard Balls collide
Is there a change in momentum of the cue ball?
F = m • a or F = m • ∆v / t Is there a change in momentum of the ball number 1?
Which ball has a greater change in momentum-cue ball or
If both sides of the above equation are multiplied by the ball #1?
quantity t, a new equation results. Which ball has a greater impulse-cue ball or ball #1?
F • t = m • ∆v
Since the cue ball and ball #1 have a change in velocity
This equation represents one of two primary principles to be after collision, then both balls have a change in
used in the analysis of collisions during this unit. To truly momentum. The cue ball has a greater change of
understand the equation, it is important to understand its momentum because it has greater change in velocity. In
meaning in words. In words, it could be said that the force collisions, an object that experiences a greater change
times the time equals the mass times the change in velocity. in momentum has a greater impulse.
In physics, the quantity Force • time is known as impulse.
Therefore, this shows the relationship between impulse and
And since the quantity m•v is the momentum, the quantity
momentum. That a change in momentum is equal to
m•Δv must be the change in momentum. The equation really
impulse.
says that the
Let us take a look on the illustration of the collision between
Impulse = Change in momentum
two objects and answer the questions that follows.
In a collision, an object experiences a force for a
specific amount of time that results in a change in
momentum. The result of the force acting for the given Activity 2 Objects in Collision
amount of time is that the object's mass either speeds up or
slows down (or changes direction). The impulse experienced Objective:
by the object equals the change in momentum of the object. Identify factors that may contribute to changes in momentum
In equation form, F • t = m • Δ v.
Material:
You know already that any moving object has momentum. It Pictures
is equal to the product of mass and velocity. Impulse, on the Procedure:
other hand is a change in momentum of a moving object. Read the following situations involving collisions and answer
What will happen to a moving object if it collides with another the questions that follows.
object?
Situation 1: Suppose that two cars with equal masses collide
In a collision, objects experience an impulse; the impulse with each other. Car A travels faster than Car B. They both
causes and is equal to the change in momentum. Consider a stopped after collision.
football halfback running down the football field and
encountering a collision with a defensive back. The collision
would change the halfback's speed and thus his momentum.
 11

EVALUATION

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read the following situations and

choose the letter of the best answer.
1. A mini dump truck full of abaca fiber collides with a
motorcycle or habal-habal. The velocity of the truck
and the motorcycle is the same. Which has a greater
Figure 3. Car Crash impulse? Why?
A. The mini dump truck because it has larger
a. Which of the two cars has the greatest change change in momentum.
of velocity? ___________________________ B. The mini dump truck because it is full of abaca
b. Which car has the greater change in fiber.
momentum? Explain your answer._________
C. The motorcycle because it has larger change in
c. Which car has the greater impulse?
momentum.
____Why?___________________________
d. In other words, the object that experience a D. The motorcycle because it has lesser mass.
greater impulse is the one that has the
________(lesser, greater) change in
momentum.
e. Which of the two cars will have greater
damage?Why?________________________

2. A car collided with a bus that has greater mass and

Situation 2: A basketball and ping pong ball collided having
velocity than the car. Which of these describes the
the same velocity but different mass.
change of momentum of the bus and the car?
a. Which ball has a A. The change of momentum of
lesser the bus is less than that of the
momentum?____ car.
b. Which ball has a B. The change of momentum of
greater impulse?___ the bus is greater than that of
Figure 4. Pingpong Vs Basketball the car.
C. The change of momentum of
Situation 3: Two marbles collide. Marble A has greater mass the car and the bus is the same.
and velocity while Marble B has smaller mass D. The change of momentum of
and velocity. the car and the bus is zero.
Which has a greater momentum- marble A or B? _____
Which marble has a greater impulse? ______ 3. Two marbles of equal mass are rolling towards each
Which marble would you think will be thrown away? Why? other. One is rolling at 7 m/sec and the other at 10
m/sec. The one rolling faster has a ________
momentum and ________ impulse. It will surely
knock the other one backwards.
A. lesser, lesser C. greater, lesser
B. lesser, greater D. greater, greater

4. An object which experiences a net impulse will

definitely experience a _______
A. Change in mass
B. Change in velocity and mass
C. Change in time
D. Change in momentum
Figure 5. Two marbles colliding
5. Two objects collide. Object A has greater mass and
velocity while Object B has smaller mass and
velocity. Which of the following statements is true?
 12

momentum of an object, an external force is required. There

will be no change in momentum if there is no external force.
Development of the Lesson
A. Object A has greater impulse than object B. The conservation of momentum is considered as one of the
B. Object B has greater impulse than object A. most important principles in physics. It presents analysis of
C. Object A has lesser momentum than object B situations wherein collisions are involved. These collisions
D. Object B has greater momentum than object A.
range from collisions of subatomic particles to those of cars
involved in traffic accidents.
Let’s take this situation as an example. Two children on
skateboards are initially at rest. They push each other so
that eventually the boy moves to the right while the girl
moves in the opposite direction away from each other.
Newton’s Third Law tells us that the force that the girl exerts
on the boy and the force that makes the girl move in the
other direction are of equal magnitude but opposite direction.
The boy and the girl make up a system – a collection of
objects that affect one another.

6. Application: Changes in momentum happen every

time. A fast-moving car when suddenly stopped
might have damaging effects not only to the vehicle
itself but also to the person riding it. Various
devices have been installed in vehicles in order to
ensure the safety of the passengers. The use of
seatbelts is even prescribed by law in order to
lessen injuries from car crashes. No net/unbalanced external force acts on the boy-girl
How does it prevent the driver from getting serious system, thus, the total momentum of the system does not
injuries during collision? 5pts change. Remember that momentum, like velocity and force,
is a vector quantity. The momentum gained by the girl is of
MELC 37 Infer that the total momentum before and after equal magnitude but opposite direction to the momentum
collision is equal (e.g. vehicular collision) S9FE-IVb-37 gained by the boy. In this system, no momentum is gained or
lost. We say that momentum is conserved.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: Please write all your answers
on a separate sheet of paper. Do not forget to write your Same is true with collisions. A collision is an encounter
name on the answer sheet. Do as instructed in every between two objects resulting in exchange of impulse and
activity. Follow the Weekly Home Learning Plan (WHLP) momentum. Because the time of impact is usually small, the
given to you. Use a black or blue pen. impulse provided by external forces like friction during this
time is negligible. If we take the colliding bodies as one
Lesson: Conservation of Momentum system, the momentum of the system is therefore
approximately conserved. Since there are two objects
(refer to your book on pages 264-270)
involved in colliding bodies, the total momentum therefore
Lesson Objectives: refers to the sum of the momentum of the first object and the
momentum of the second object.
Specifically you will be able to: Consider 2 objects speeding toward each
other. When they collide......
1. Describe the interaction between two objects in
rd
terms of change in momentum of each object Due to Newton’s 3 Law the FORCE they
2. Compare the total momentum of two objects in a exert on each other are EQUAL
system before and after collision and OPPOSITE.
The TIMES of impact are also equal.
Predevelopment of the Lesson
Therefore, the IMPULSES of the 2
You have learned that an external force is required to make objects colliding are also
an object accelerate. Similarly, if we want to change the If the Impulses are equal then the EQUAL
MOMENTUMS are also equal!
 13

J1 = − J 2
p1 = − p2 A B
m1v1 = −m2 v2
m1 (v1 − vo1 ) = −m2 (v2 − vo 2 )
m1v1 − m1vo1 = −m2 v2 + m2 vo 2

p before
=  p after
m1vo1 + m2vo 2 = m1v1 + m2v2

In an isolated system, the total momentum of the system

Guide Questions
before the collision is equal to the total momentum of the
system after the collision. 1. Which vehicle is moving fast? ___Moving slow?___
2. What happened to the velocity of Car A
Total momentum before collision=total momentum after collision (increases, decreases) and Car B (increases,
decreases) during collision?
Total momentum before collision = P1 + P2
3. What is the momentum of Car A___ and Car
= m1v1 + m2v2
B___before the collision? (Use the equation for
Total momentum after collision = P1’ +P2’
momentum)
= m1v1’ + m2v2’ 4. What is the momentum of Car A____ and Car B
P1 + P2 = P1’ +P2’ ___after the collision? Use the equation for
m1v1 + m2v2 = = m1v1’ + m2v2’ momentum)
m1 = is the mass of object 1
5. What is the total momentum before the collision?
m2 = is the mass of object 2
6. What is the total momentum after the collision?
v1 = is the velocity of object 1 before
v2 = is the velocity of object 2 7. In the collisions between two objects, Car A a.
collision (slows down, speeds up) and loses momentum
v1’ = is the velocity of object 1 after while the Car B b.(slows down,speeds up) and
v2’ = is the velocity of object 2 gains momentum. Yet, the total momentum of the
collision two cars (Car A plus Car B) is c. (reduced, the
Note that the apostrophe symbol (') denotes that these are same, increased) before the collision as it is after
the velocities after the collision. the collision. The total momentum of the system
(the collection of two objects) is d. _________.
An isolated system refers to one on which no external force Types of Collision
is acting. The only force present in the system are those
between the interacting objects. In all collisions that have Collisions are categorized according to whether the total
been studied, the law of conservation of momentum has kinetic energy of the system changes. Kinetic energy may
been found to apply. be lost during collisions when
For a collision occurring between object 1 and object 2 in an 1. It is converted to heat or other forms like
isolated system, the total momentum of the two objects binding energy, sound, light if there is a spark
before the collision is equal to the total momentum of the two 2. It is spent in deformation or damage such as
objects after the collision. That is, the momentum lost by when two cars collide
object 1 is equal to the momentum gained by object 2.
The two types of collision are:
Activity 1 Car Crash…..
1. Elastic collision- one in which the total kinetic
Objectives: energy of the system does not change and colliding
objects bounce off after collision.
Describe the interaction between two objects in terms of m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1 f + m2v2 f
change in momentum of each object
Material: 2. Inelastic collision – one in which the total kinetic
Picture energy of the system changes (i.e. converted to
Procedure: some other form of energy). Objects that stick
Analyze the given data in the figure and answer the guide together after collision is said to be perfectly
questions m1v1i + m2v2i = (m1 + m2 )v f
inelastic.
 14

1. What happens to the momentum before and after

collision?
2. What happens to the kinetic energy before and after
collision?
Before Collision
Mass Velocity Momentum Kinetic
(kg) (m/s) (kg m/s) Energy
(kg m2/s2)
Red cart 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5
Green cart 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 1.0 0.5
After Collision
Mass Velocity Momentum Kinetic
(kg) (m/s) (kg m/s) Energy
(kg m2/s2)
Red cart 1.0 0.33 0.33 0.05445
Green cart 2.0 0.33 0.66 0.1089
Total 1.0 0.16
Table 2. Inelastic Collision between the green and red cart
Guide Questions :
1. What happens to the momentum before and after
collision?
2. What happens to the kinetic energy before and after
collision ?
EVALUATION:
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Which is a necessary condition for the total momentum of a
system to be conserved?
A. Kinetic energy must not change.
B. No external force is present.
Activity 2 Colliding differently, conserved similarly C. An object must be at rest.
(Momentum) D. Only the force of gravity acts on the system.
Objective: 2. The impulse experienced by a body is equal to the change in its:
Compare the total momentum of two objects in a A. Velocity B. Kinetic E C. Momentum D. Potential E
system before and after collision
Material: 3. In certain martial arts, people practice breaking a piece of wood
Data in the table with the side of their bare hand. Use your understanding of impulse
Procedure: to explain how this can be done without injury to the hand. Given
Instruction: See how momentum is conserved in the the same change in momentum
given situations. Answer the guide questions. a. when the time interval is smaller the impact force is bigger.
b. when the time interval is bigger the impact force is bigger.
SET A. Elastic Collision
c. when the time interval is smaller the impact force is smaller.
Collision 1: Green cart initially at rest. d. when the time interval is bigger the impact force is smaller
Before Collision 4. Two billiard balls approach each other at equal speed. If they
Object Mass Velocity Momentu Kinetic collide in a perfectly elastic collision, what would be their velocities
(kg) (m/s) m (kg Energy after collision?
m/s) (kg m2/s2) A. Zero
Red cart 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.25 B. Same in magnitude and direction
Green cart 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 C. Same in magnitude but opposite in direction
Total 0.5 0.25 D. Different in magnitude and opposite in direction
After Collision
Object Mass Velocity Momentum Kinetic 5.Momentum is conserved in any collision.
(kg) (m/s) (kg m/s) Energy Which of the following is TRUE about Elastic collisions?
(kg m2/s2) A. Kinetic energy is not conserved
Red cart 0.5 -0.5 -0.25 0.0625 B. momentum and kinetic energy are conserved
Green cart 1.5 0.5 0.75 0.1875 C. objects stick together
Total 0.50 0.25 D. neither momentum nor kinetic energy is conserved
Table 1. Elastic Collision between the green and red cart
Guide Questions :