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Lecture 3

This document introduces process flowsheets and the symbols and sections used in chemical plants. It discusses the inception of process flowcharts in the 1920s and provides definitions. It also covers common nomenclature, the purposes of process flow diagrams, common symbols from standards organizations, typical elements included in diagrams, and types of valves.

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8 views

Lecture 3

This document introduces process flowsheets and the symbols and sections used in chemical plants. It discusses the inception of process flowcharts in the 1920s and provides definitions. It also covers common nomenclature, the purposes of process flow diagrams, common symbols from standards organizations, typical elements included in diagrams, and types of valves.

Uploaded by

ranaaditay783
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IIT Delhi

Introduction to process flowsheets, Equipment symbols


and sections of Chemical plants

Prof. Abhijeet Raj

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Inception of Idea: 1920’s (Industrial Engineer)
Frank Gilbreth, Sr. introduced the “flow process chart”
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).
Definitions: The flow diagram which shows the relationships between different
components of process industries.

• Process topology
• Stream information
• Equipment information
Nomenclature:

Process Flow Chart, Flowsheet, Block Flow Diagram, Schematic Flow Diagram,
Macro Flowchart, Top-down Flowchart, Piping and Instrument Diagram, System3 Flow
Diagram or System Diagram
A Process Flow Diagram has multiple purposes:

 To document a process for better understanding, quality control and training of


employees.

 To standardize a process for optimal efficiency and repeatability.

 To study a process for efficiency and improvement. It helps to show unnecessary


steps, bottlenecks and other inefficiencies.

 To model a better process or create a brand-new process.

 To communicate and collaborate with diagrams that speak to various roles in the
organization or outside of it. 4
PFD Symbols (Agencies)
1) International Organization for Standardization
(ISO 10628 – Flow Diagrams for Process Plants, General Rules),

2) German Institute for Standardization (DIN)

3) American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

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 Major equipment: Including names and ID numbers. Examples include
compressors, mixers, vessels, pumps, boilers and coolers.
 Process piping: Moves the product, usually fluids, between equipment pieces.
 Process flow direction
 Control valves and process-critical valves
 Major bypass and recirculation systems
 Operational data: Such as pressure, temperature, density, mass flow rate and
mass-energy balance. Values often will include minimum, normal and maximum.
 Composition of fluids
 Process stream names
 Connections with other systems 6
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Types of valves: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxAhrF7KZuE
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