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8.3 - Logarithmic Functions

The document discusses logistic functions which model population growth that levels off over time. It provides examples of logistic function graphs and equations. It also covers logarithmic functions including their properties, graphs, and how to evaluate and expand/condense logarithmic expressions.

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42 views7 pages

8.3 - Logarithmic Functions

The document discusses logistic functions which model population growth that levels off over time. It provides examples of logistic function graphs and equations. It also covers logarithmic functions including their properties, graphs, and how to evaluate and expand/condense logarithmic expressions.

Uploaded by

benjy321
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Precalculus AB Honors

8.3 Logarithmic Functions


*******************************************************************************
Sometimes an exponential function doesn’t tell the whole story. Often, a population will grow
exponentially until it reaches a turning point where the growth slows down. The population
continues to grow until it reaches an upper limit. These can be modeled by logistic functions.

Logistic Functions -
models the exponential growth of a population but also considers factors like the carrying capacity
of land etc. c is the limit to growth (upper asymptote) The logistic function has an inflection point at the point of
maximum growth.

c
f ( x) =
1+ a ⋅ bx

c
f ( x) =
1 + a ⋅ e − kx

20
EX#1 Graph the function f ( x) = .
1 + 4 ⋅ 0.25 x

Label the y-intercept, point (1, y), and horizontal asymptotes.

lim f ( x) ______
= lim f ( x) _______
x →−∞ x →∞

Modeling with a Logistic Function

EX#2 Find the equation of the logistic graph below. The limit to growth is 10, the y-intercept is
2, and the graph goes through the point (1, 7).
Regression with a Logistic Function

EX#3 In biology class, you observed the biomass of a yeast population over a period of time.
The table below gives the yeast mass M (in grams) after t hours. Use your calculator’s
statistical functions to find a logistic function f that models the biomass growth.

t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
M 9.6 18.3 29.0 47.2 71.1 119.1 174.6 257.3 350.7 441.0

What is the growth limit in this model?

Graphs of Log Functions

Consider the exponential function f ( x) = b x with b > 1 .


Graph (with asymptotes, 2 points) Equation/Domain/Range

Is f a one-to-one function? Let’s sketch f −1 , find its equation, and its domain and range.
Graphs of Two Famous Logs

=y log
= x log10 x

=y log
= e x ln x

Transformations of Log Functions


Consider the function f ( x) = log 2 x . Write a new formula with the indicated transformation.
Describe each transformation in words.

f ( x + 1) f ( x − 1) f ( x) + 1 f ( x) − 1

f (− x) − f (x) 2 f ( x) f (2 x)

EX#4 For each function below, draw the graph and its parent function (including 2 points and
asymptote). Describe the transformations that have occurred.

a. f ( x) = log 2 ( x − 3) + 1 b. h(=
x) 2 ln(− x)
Evaluating Logarithmic Functions

log 2 1 = log 1 = ln 1 = log 0.5 1 = log b 1 =

log 2 2 = log 10 = ln e = log 0.5 0.5 = log b b =

( )
log 2 2 3 = (
log 10 −3 =) ( )
ln e 2 = (
log 0.5 0.5 −4 = ) ( )
log b b n =

2 log 2 3 = 10 log 7 = e ln 0.5 = 0.5 log 0.5 3 = b logb n =


Evaluate.

( )
EX#5 log 5 3 25 EX#6 log 2 0.5 (
EX#7 log 3 100 )

EX#8 ln e ( ) EX#9 ln


 1 
4
e 
 ( )
EX#10 ln 4 e

EX#11 e ln 6 EX#12 10 ln 1
Practice Expanding Practice Condensing

EX#13 ln(9 y ) EX#14 log x + log 5

1
EX#15 ln(3 + x ) EX#16 log z
5

 1  EX#18 5 ln x − 2 ln x − 2 ln y
EX#17 log 3  2

x 
EX#19 Given log 2 ≈ 0.3 , find log 8 , log 500 and without using a calculator.

EX#20 Find the inverse of the function.

a.) 2 3x +1 − 5
y =⋅ b.)
= y 2 log 4 ( 3 x − 1) + 5

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