Lab Report

Course: Electronic Circuit I

Course Code: EEE102 Lab
Section: 02

Experiment No: 02
Experiment Name: Study of Diode Rectifier Circuit

Group No: 08
Student Name: Niaz Morshed Razon
Student ID: 2022-2-80-008

Submitted To:
Dr. M. Ryyhan Khan

East West University

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Submitted on 28th November 2023

OBJECTIVE:
In this experiment, the half wave rectifier circuit of diodes will be studied. The effect of a capacitor
filter
the output will be investigated.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure-1: Set up for a half wave diode rectifier circuit.

Experimental Data:

Given,
Vp-p = 10 V and f = 1 kHz
Resistor = 0.98K ohms

Without Capacitor:

At Channel-1: VIP = 4.72 V

TIN = 990*10^-6 S

At Channel - 2: VOP = 4.24 V

Toff = 510x10^-6 S
Average Vo = 1.2 V
∆V = Vip - Vop
= 5- 4.24
= 0.76 V

After Adding 1 𝝁F capacitor:

Lower peak VLP = 1.52 V
Upper peak VUP = 3.84 V
TCharge = 200 × 10−6 𝑠
Average V02 = 2.60 V

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After Adding 5 𝝁F Capacitor:
Lower peak VLP = 2.56 V
Upper peak VUP = 3.32 V
Average Voltage V03 = 2.90 V
TCharge = 160 × 10−6 𝑠

Answer to the Lab Report Question

1. Calculate ΔV= VIP-VOP

ΔV = (4.72 - 4.24) = 0.48 V

Comparison:
The built-in voltage of experiment 1 is 0.52V (from the graph) and ΔV is 0.48V so the error is
about 0.04V from the other value. The error is mainly because in experiment 1 we worked with
several data points and extracted the Built-in voltage from a graph. The data collection process can
make this small error in the calculation that we can ignore and conclude the values are almost the
same.

2. DC average voltage in half wave reacting fire is;

We know That VAG= (𝑉𝑠/𝜋) − (𝑉𝑑/2) 𝑉

= (4.72/3.1416)−(0.7/2)
= 1.15 V
The measured average output voltage is 1.2V so the error is about 0.07V from the other value but
it is small that we can ignore that and conclude the values are accurate.

3. The fraction of a cycle during which the diode conducts is:

Here, VD = 0.7 v And VPeak= 5 v

We know that 𝛥𝛉 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛-1(VD/Vp)
𝛥𝛉 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛-1(0.7/5)
𝛥𝛉 = 0.1406

The fraction of a cycle 𝛥𝐶 = (𝜋 − 2𝛥𝛉)/2𝜋 ⨉100

𝛥𝐶 = (𝜋 − 2⨉0.1406)/2𝜋 ⨉100
𝛥𝐶 = 45.52％

From the measurement,

TC = {(𝑇 − 𝑇Off )/ 𝑇} ⨉100
TC = 47％
Comparison: The fraction of a cycle during which the diode conducts is about 45.52%
determined theoretically whereas, it is calculated 47% from our measured values. The
discrepancy is very small to be ignored.

Without Capacitor:

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1. We know that,
1 2𝑉𝑟 1 4(𝑉𝑢𝑝−𝑉𝑜)
Capacitor Conduct Time; Δt = √𝑉𝑢𝑝 = 2𝜋𝑓 √
𝜔 𝑉𝑢𝑝
Therefore, for 1𝜇:
1 4(𝑉𝑢𝑝−𝑉𝑜) 1 4(3.84−2.60)
Δt1 = √ = ×√ = 189 𝜇𝑠
2𝜋𝑓 𝑉𝑢𝑝 2×3.1416×1000 3.84

Measured Δt1= 200 𝜇𝑠

∴ 𝐷iscrepancy = (200-189) = 11 𝜇𝑠

And, for 5𝜇:

1 4(𝑉𝑢𝑝−𝑉𝑜) 1 4(3.32−2.90)
Δt1 = √ = ×√ = 146 𝜇𝑠
2𝜋𝑓 𝑉𝑢𝑝 2×3.1416×1000 3.32
Measured Δt1= 160 𝜇𝑠
∴ 𝐷iscrepancy = (160-146) = 14 𝜇𝑠

Comment: There is an insignificant discrepancy which can be tolerable.

2. Calculation of the Peak-to-peak ripple voltage:

For 1𝝁 Capacitor:
𝑉𝑝(𝜔𝑇𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒)2
We know that Vr =
2
3.84(2𝜋×1000×189×10−6 )2
Vr =
2
Vr = 2.70 v

Measured Vr = VUP−VLP
Vr = 3.84 − 1.52 = 2.32 𝑣

For 5𝝁 Capacitor:
𝑉𝑝(𝜔𝑇𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒)2
We know that Vr =
2
3.32(2𝜋×1000×146×10−6 )2
Vr =
2
Vr = 1.40 v
Measured Vr = VUP−VLP
Vr = 3.32 − 2.56 = 0.76 𝑣
Comparison: There are some notable discrepancies which may have took place due to some
internal resistance of the voltage source.

Capacitor Theoretical Values of Vr Measured Values of Vr

1𝜇 2.70 2.32
5𝜇 1.40 0.76

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 𝑉𝑟
3. Average output voltage for 1𝜇: V0 = 𝑉𝑜𝑝 −
2
2.70
V0 = 4.24 −
2
V0 = 2.89 v
𝑉𝑟
Average output voltage for 1𝜇: V0 = 𝑉𝑜𝑝 −
2
1.40
V0 = 4.24 −
2
V0 = 3.54 v
Comparison:
Capacitor Theoretical Values of Vr Measured Values of Vr
1𝜇 2.60 2.89
5𝜇 2.90 3.54

4. Calculate the average and maximum diode currents

𝑉𝑜2
For 1𝝁 Capacitor: 𝐼𝐿 =
𝑅
2.60
𝐼𝐿 = = 2.65 𝑚𝐴
0.98
2𝑉𝑢𝑝
∴ Average Current, IAvg= 𝐼𝐿 {1 + 𝜋√( )}
𝑉𝑟
3.84
= 2.65 {1 + 3.1416√(2 × )}
2.32
= 17.80 mA
2𝑉𝑢𝑝
∴ Maximum Current, IAvg= 𝐼𝐿 {1 + 2𝜋√( )}
𝑉𝑟
3.84
= 2.65 {1 + 2 × 3.1416√(2 × )}
2.32
= 32.94 mA
𝑉𝑜2
For 5𝝁 Capacitor: 𝐼𝐿 =
𝑅
2.90
𝐼𝐿 = = 2.96 𝑚𝐴
0.98
2𝑉𝑢𝑝
∴ Average Current, IAvg= 𝐼𝐿 {1 + 𝜋√( )}
𝑉𝑟
3.32
= 2.96 {1 + 3.1416√(2 × )}
1.40
= 23.21 mA
2𝑉𝑢𝑝
∴ Maximum Current, IAvg= 𝐼𝐿 {1 + 2𝜋√( )}
𝑉𝑟
3.32
= 2.96 {1 + 2 × 3.1416√(2 × )}
1.40
= 43.46 mA

Comment: According to the computation, a linked 1uF capacitor can handle up to 32.94 I mA of
current, with an average current flow through the diode of 17.80 mA. In contrast, the average

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current passing through the diode of the 5 uF capacitor is approximately 23.21 mA, with a
maximum current passing through it of 43.46 mA. This implies that we can obtain greater current
flow than previously if we increase the value of the capacitor.

Pictures of Data sheet:

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