Number System

1 (Explanations)

1. (b) We have, 712 + 811 divisible by 80.

Dividing 12 by 4, remainder = 0. If the unit digit of the given number is
So, unit digit of 712 = 70 = 1 0, then it is divisible by 10.
Dividing 11 by 4 , remainder = 3. So, y = 0
So, unit digit of 811 = 2 To check if it is divisible by 8, we have
\ Unit digit of 712 + 811 = 1 + 2 = 3. check if the last three digits of the
number is divisible by 3.
2. (d) Unit digit of 771 × 663 × 365
Let x = 2
= Unit digit of 3 × 6 × 3
Last three digits = 320 (divisible by 8).
[ Remainder, when 712 is divided by
So, x + y ⇒ 2 + 0 ⇒ 2
4 = 3]
Hence the value of x + y is 2.
⇒ Unit digit of 771 = 3
6. (b) In a = bq + r we have,
= Unit digit of 54 = 4 b = 5q = 4r
3. (d)  244 = 7 × 34 + 6 r=5
\ Quotient when 244 is divided by 7 4r 4 × 5
= 34 \ b = 4 × 5 = 20 and q = = =4
5 5
\ Number of number divisible by 7 \ Required dividend, a = 20 × 4 + 5
and less than 244 = 34. = 85
Also, 332 = 7 × 47 + 3 7. (c) List of numbers which contain 4 as
\ Quotient when 332 is divisible by 7 a digit: 4, 14, 24, 34, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
= 47. 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 54, 64, 74, 84, 94.
\ Number of numbers divisible by 7 Out of the above numbers the number
and less than 332 = 47. divisible by 4 are: 4, 24, 40, 44, 48, 64,
\ Total number of required number 84.
= 47 – 34 = 13. Therefore, there are 7 such numbers.
4. (a) If the sum of all the digits of the 8. (a) Required number = (7 – r), where r
given number is divisible by 3, then the is the remainder when 2351 is divided
given number is also divisible by 3. by 7.
Now, r = 6 as 2351 = 335 × 7 + 6
So, (5 + 1 + 7 + * + 3 + 2 + 4 )/3
Required number = 7 – 6 = 1
= (22 + *)/3
9. (b) Given number is 8974
If * = 2, then 22 + * will become 24 and Remainder (r) when 8774 is divided by
it is divisible by 3. 13 = 12
Hence the smallest whole number for * as 8774 = 674 × 13 + 12
should be 2. \ Required number = 12.
5. (a) Factors of 80 are 8 and 10. If the 10. (c) We have, dividend, a = 15968
number is divisible by both 8 and 10, Quotient, q = 89
we can say that the given number is And remainder, r = 37
 Let b be the divisor. ⇒ Remainder is 4.
Then, a = bq + r 17. (a)  am – bm is divisible by a – b for all
⇒15968 = b × 89 + 37 m.
15968 – 37 15931 \ 53 – 33 is divisible by (5 – 3) is 2.
⇒b= = = 179
89 89 18. (d) am + bm is divisible by a + b for all
Hence, sum of the digits of the divisor odd m.
= 1 + 7 + 9 = 17 \ (1719 + 1919) and (1717 + 1917) are
11. (d) 121012 = 12 × 10084 + 4 divisible by (17 + 19) as 19 and 17 are
\ Remainder = 4 odd.
12. (a) We have, \ (17 + 19) is required common factor.
Place value of 3 at 10000th place 7 15
19. (c) For and :
= 3× 10000 = 30000 15 23
Also, place value of 3 at 10th place  7 × 23 = 161< 225 = 15 × 15.
= 3 × 10 = 30 So, (i) < (ii), which is only in (c).
\ Required difference So, option (c) is correct.
= 30000 – 30 = 29970 20. (c) Required number = 999999 + 10000
r = 1009999
13. (a) Comparing 41 4 with q , where 21. (b) Q = – 2.6
19 b
T = – 1.4 and R = 0.6
dividend, a = bq + r \ Q + T + R = (– 2.6) + (– 1.4) + (0.6)
We get, q = 41, b = 19 and r = 4 = – 3.4
\ dividend = a = bq + r 22. (d) The smallest 3-digit number = 123
= 19 × 41 + 4 = 779 + 4 = 783 The greatest 3-digit number = 432
919 + 6 The required sum = 123 + 432 = 555
14. (b) Remainder in
8 23. (b) We have,
12500 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5
(8 + 1)19 + 6
= remainder in = (5 × 5) × (5 × 5) × (2 × 2) × 5
8 Thus, there is one 5 which is not in pair.
19 7 So, after dividing 12500 by 5.
= remainder in 1 + 6 i.e., =7
8 8 12500
Number = = 2500 = (50)2
77 7 2 × 7 2 × 7 2 × 7 5
15. (c) = Thus the required number is 5.
24 16
24. (a) A number ending with 0 can be
49 × 49 × 49 × 7 perfect cube if it has multiple of 3
=
16 trailing zero at the end. Since, 6400 has
Now the remainder on dividing 49 by only 2 trailing zeroes at the end.
16 = 1 So, 6400 is not a perfect cube
The multiplication of all the remainders 25. (c) All the natural number can be
1×1×1×7=7 n
written in the form of where n and
(32 )125 (7 + 2)125 2125 1
16. (d) ⇒ ⇒
7 7 7 1 are integers.
So, all the natural numbers are rational
(23 ) 41 × 22 (8) 41 × 22
⇒ ⇒ numbers. Thus, I is correct
7 7 1 is not a prime number. In fact, 2 is the
(7 + 1) 41 × 4 1× 4 smallest prime number.
⇒ ⇒
7 7 So, II is incorrect.

2
 Simplification
2 (Explanations)

1. (a) (? – 968) ÷ 79 × 4 = 512 (793 + 232) 2 − (793 − 232) 2

4 7. (b)
⇒ (? – 968) × = 512 793 × 232
79
4 × 793 × 232
79 = =4
⇒ ? – 968 = 512 × 793 × 232
4
 [ (a + b)2 – (a – b)2 = 4ab]
⇒ ? – 968 = 128 × 79 = 10112
8. (a) 3 – 3 ÷ 3 = 3 – 1 = 2
⇒ ? = 10112 + 968 = 11080
9. (c) 8.2 × 7.5 × 9.3
2. (a) 14 ÷ {(5 of 2 – 3)} × 4 (7 – 2)
82 × 75 × 95 82 × 3 × 93
= 14 ÷ {(10 – 3)} × 4 × 5 = =
1000 40
= 14 ÷ 7 × 4 × 5 = 2 × 4 × 5 = 40
41 × 3 × 93
3. (d) 100 × 10 – 100 + 2000 ÷ 10 = = 571.95
20
= 1000 – 100 + 200
10. (d) We have,
= 1100
8.92 − 2.12
4. (b) 18 × 16 – 3445 ÷ 13 = ? – 344 [ a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b)]
8.9 − 2.1
⇒ ? = 288 – 265 + 344
(8.9 + 2.1)(8.9 − 2.1)
⇒ ? = 23 + 344 = 367 = = 8.9 + 2.1 = 11
8.9 − 2.1
5. (c) 16 – 9 ÷ 3(3 – 1) + 5
256 × 256 × 256 − 144 × 144 × 144
= 16 – 3(2) + 5 = 16 – 6 + 5 = 15 11. (b)
256 × 256 + 256 × 144 + 144 × 144
6. (c) Unit digit of
13.7 × 12.7 × 0.8 (256)3 − (144)3
=
Unit digit of 7 × 7 × 8 (256) + 256 × 144 + (144) 2
2

= Unit digit of 49 × 8
=
(
(256 − 144) 2562 + 256 × 144 + 1442 )
= Unit digit of 9 × 8
( 2562 + 256 × 144 + 1442 )
= Unit digit of 72 = 2
[Q a – b = (a – b)(a + ab + b2)]
3 3 2
So, option (a) and (d) are eliminated.
 Number of digits after decimal = (256 – 144) = 112
in the product is equal to the sum of 1 1 1 1
÷ 2 + 10 × + 10 + 10
number of digits after decimal in all the 3 3= 2 6
12. (a) =
numbers. 1 1 2
× 2 + 10 × 2 + 10 + 10
So, number of digits after decimal in 3 3 3
the product = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3. 61
So, option (b) is eliminated as it has 4 6 61 61
== =
digits after decimal. 32 2 × 32 64
Hence correct option is (c). 3
 1 5(
2× 7.5 )
× 52.5 515 × 52.5
13. (d) 53 – (12 + 12 ÷ 3) ⇒ = 5x ⇒
= 5x
2 5 ( 3×1.5)
54.5
1 1 ⇒ 5x = 5(15 + 2.5 – 4.5) ⇒ 5x = 513
= 125 – (12 + 4) = 125 – × 16
2 2 \ x = 13
= 125 – 8 = 117 21. (b) Given equation is,
1  6a −2bc −3   5a −3b 2c −1 
14. (d) +1− 2 ÷
1+ 2  −3 2  −2 3 
 4ab c   3ab c 
1 1− 2
= × +1− 2  6a −2bc −3   3ab −2c 3 
1+ 2 1− 2 =  ×
−3 2   −3 2 −1 
 4ab c   5a b c 
1− 2
=
1− 2
+1− 2
=
( 6a bc × 3ab c )
−2 −3 −2 3

=−(1 − 2 ) + (1 − 2 ) =0
( 4ab c × 5a b c )
−3 2 −3 2 −1

15. (d) 2 of 3 – 3 + 4 ÷ 2 = 2 of 0 + 4 ÷ 2 18a −2 +1b1− 2c −3+ 3 9a −1b −1c 0

=2×0+4÷2=0+2=2 = =
20a1− 3b −3+ 2c 2 −1 10a −2b −1c1
3  1 2  10 3 2 10 [ (am)(an) = am + n and am ÷ an = am – n]
16. (d) +  ×  ÷ = + ÷
5  7 3  21 5 21 21
 9  −1+ 2 −1+1 0 −1  9 
3 2 21 3 1 3 +1 =   a b c =   a1b0c–1
4  10   10 
= + ×
= + = =
5 21 10 5 5 5 5  9  –1
=   ac [ b0 = 1]
(40.25 ÷ 5) + (0.07 × 5)  10 
17. (b) 22. (c) Given:
(0.15 × 8) + (0.18 ÷ 0.2)
m+n n+ p
8.05 + 0.35 8.40  xm   xn 
 n  ⋅ p  ⋅(x × x )
p m p−m

= = =4
1.2 + 0.9 2.1 x  x 
18. (b) (2 + 3 × 4 − 3 ) ÷ 5 = (xm – n)m + n.(xn – p)n + p.(xp + m)p – m
= (2 + 3 × 1) ÷ 5 = 5 ÷ 5 = 1  am m−n 
=  n a= and a m a n a m + n 
19. (c) 5–3 + 5–2 + 5–1 + 50   a 
= 5–1 (5–2 + 5–1 + 50) + 50 = x(m – n)(m + n).x(n – p)(n + p).x(p + m)(p – m)
[ (an)m = anm]
−1  1 1 
= 5  + + 1 + 1 [50 = 1] = x
m 2
− n2
⋅ xn
2
− p2
⋅ xp
2
− m2
 25 5 
(m 2
− n2 + n2 − p 2 + p 2 − m2 )
 1 + 5 + 25 
−1
= x [ aman = am + n]
= 5   +1
 25  = x0 = 1 [ a0 = 1]
23. (c) We have,
31 156 156 × 8 1248
= 1
+= = = 2433x = 27(4x – 1) ⇒ (35)3x = (33)(4x – 1)
125 125 125 × 8 1000
⇒ 315x = 312x – 3 ⇒ 15x = 12x – 3
= 1.248
[ am = an ⇒ m = n]
20. (b) We have, ⇒ 15x – 12x = –3 ⇒ 3x = –3

(25)7.5 × (5)2.5 ÷ (125)1.5 = 5x −3
⇒x= = −1
⇒
( 5 ) × (5)
2 7.5 2.5

= 5x
3
1
(5 ) 3 1.5 \ 4x = 4­–1 =
4

2
24. (c) We have, 2 n × 2 2 n +1
4 3
(625) = (5 ) 4 4 3 =
22 n × 2n −1
1

( ) [ (xm)n = xmn and xm × xn = am + n]

1

( 53 ) = (5 )
4 4 3 4× 4 3
= = 5= 125
2 n + 2 n +1 2 3 n +1
= =
25. (a) Let 5 = t p
22 n + n −1 23n −1
⇒ 52P + 5p = 650
2 3 n +1
⇒ t2 + t – 650 = 0 = = 23n + 1 – (3n – 1) = 22 = 4
⇒ t2 + 26t – 25 t – 650 = 0 23n −1
 xm m−n 
⇒ t (t + 26) – 25 (t + 26) = 0  n = x 
⇒ (t – 25) (t + 26) = 0   x 
⇒ t = 25, – 26 27. (d) We have,
So, 5p = 25 ⇒ 5p = (5)2 ⇒ p = 2 4(x – y) = 64 = 43
26. (a) Given, ⇒ x – y = 3 ...(i)
n n

(32) × 22 n +1 ( 2 ) × 2
 
5
2 n +1 5  5  and 4 (x + y)
= 1024 = 45

=
⇒ x + y = 5 ...(ii)
( 22 ) × 2n −1
n
4n × 2n −1
[since, 32 = 25 and 4 = 22] Adding eqn. (i) and (ii)
n n (x – y) + (x + y) = 3 + 5
(2 )
5  5 
× 2 2 n +1
=
5×  
(2)  5  × 22 n +1
⇒ 2x = 8
=
(2 )
2 n
× 2n −1 22 n × 2n −1
\x=4

3
 HCF and LCM
3 (Explanations)

1. (c) 18 = 2 × 3 × 3; 54 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3; 7. (c) Greatest number of 4-digits is 9999.

81 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 L.C.M. of 15, 25, 40 and 75 is 600.
∴ H.C.F = 9 On dividing 9999 by 600, the remainder
2. (c)  We know that, (r) is 399.
LCM = HCF × a × b where a : b is the ∴ Required number = Greatest number
ratio of two numbers. of 4-digits – r = (9999 – 399) = 9600.
\ Other two factors 13 & 14 are a & b 8. (c) L.C.M. of 5, 6, 4 and 3 = 60
respectively. On dividing 2497 by 60, the remainder
∴ Larger number = b × HCF is 37
= 14 × 23 = 322 ∴ Number to be added = (60 – 37) = 23
3. (a)  LCM = HCF × a × b × c 9. (c) L.C.M. × H.C.F. = Product of 2
numbers
Where, a : b : c is the ratio of the
⇒ 864 × 144 = 288 × x ⇒ x = 432
numbers.
\ 2400 = HCF × 3 × 4 × 5 10. (d) HCF of some numbers divides the
LCM of that numbers.
2400
⇒ HCF = = 40 Now, 2325 is divisible by 31, 3 and 25
3× 4 × 5
but not divisible by 125.
4. (d) The difference of requisite numbers So, 125 can not be their HCF.
must be 12 and each should be divisible 11. (c) We have, 23 × 57 × 32 × 71 and
by 12. Checking the options given, only
35 × 75 × 21 × 53
the fourth option satisfies.
\ LCM = 23 × 3­5 × 57 × 75
5. (c) Traffic lights at three different road
12. (d) LCM(4, 6, 32) = 96
crossing change after every 40 sec,
=2×2×2×2×2×3
72 sec and 108 sec respectively.
= (2 × 2) × (2 × 2) ×2 × 3
Therefore, find the L.C.M. of 40, 72 Required smallest square number is the
and 108. smallest multiple of LCM (4, 6, 32)
L.C.M. of 40, 72 and 108 = 1080 which is a perfect square.
The traffic lights will change again Now, in the prime factorisation of
after 1080 seconds = 18 min LCM(4, 6, 32) = 96, one 2 and one
The next simultaneous change takes 3 are not in pair.
place at 5 : 38 : 00 hrs. So, by multiplying 96 by 6 we will get
6. (a) The number on dividing 1657 a perfect square.
and 2037 leaves remainders 6 and 5 So, the required number is 576.
respectively. 13. (c) Required number = HCF of the
\ Required number differences of the given numbers
= HCF of (1657 – 6) and (2037 – 5) = HCF (88 – 38, 163 – 88, 163 – 38)
= HCF of 1651 and 2032 = 127 = HCF (50, 75, 125) = 25
14. (b) Given that, 3 4 5
16. (c) Given numbers are , , .
The ratio of numbers = 5 : 6 5 9 8
As we know,
And HCF = 8
LCM of fraction
So, the LCM = 8 × 5 × 6 = 240
LCM of Numerator
=
15. (d) First five natural numbers are: HCF of Denominator
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 LCM (3, 4,5) 60
= = = 60
So, HCF = 1 HCF (5,8,9) 1

2
 Square and Cube Root
4 (Explanations)

Now,
1. (d) 10 + 27 + 65 + 256
4.4 + 9 + ( x) 2 =
9.4

= 10 + 27 + 65 + 16 ⇒ 9 + ( x) 2 =
5
Squaring both the sides, we get
= 10 + 27 + 81 9 + x2 = 25
⇒ x2 = 16
= 10 + 27 + 9 = 10 + 36
⇒x=4
= 10 + 6= 16= 4 4. (a) Step 1 : Find the factors of 5808
2 5808
2. (a) 3
.000729
2 2904
Step 1: First find 0.000729
2 1452
729 27 27
= = 2 726
106 103 1000
Step 2: The value of 3 363

27 3 11 121
3
.000729
= 3 = = 0.3
1000 10 11 11
3. (b) Let the unknown number be x. 1
Firstly, find value of 1936
Factors of 5808 are 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 ×
 Unit digit of 1936 = 6
11 × 11 = 22 × 22 × 3 × 112
and square of a number ending with 4
Step 2: Therefore, to make 5808 a
or 6 ends with 6. prefect square it must be multiplied by
So, unit digit of 1936 = 4 or 6. 3, because 3 is non-repetitive here.
Now, we have,
5. (b) (2744)1/3 = 2p + 2
42 = 16 < 19 < 25 = 52
& 4 × 5 = 20 such that 20 > 19. ⇒ 3 2744 =+
2p 2
\ 1936 = Smaller of the two ⇒ 14 = 2p + 2
numbers 4 and 5 Smaller unit digit ⇒ 14 – 2 = 2p
⇒ 12 = 2p
= 44
⇒p=6
 In 19.36 decimal is placed after two
6. (d) Unit’s place of 2197 = 7
digits.
The ones digit of cube of 2197 will
So, in 44 decimal is placed after 1 digit.
be 3 as 33 = 27 which has 7 at units
\ 19.36 = 4.4 place.
7. (d) We have,
n 2 6 2 12 12. (b)  x + x + x + ....... = b , where
2n = 64 ⇒ 2 = 64 = (2 ) = 2
∴ n = 12 a, b are consecutive divisors of x and
b > a.
1458 729 729 27 3
8. (b) = = = =
648 324 324 18 2 \ 42 + 42 + 42 + ....... =
7
2401 x as, 6 × 7 = 42 & 7 > 6.
9. (d) =
x 30.25
13. (a) 4225 + 42.25 + 0.4225
⇒= x2 2401 × 30.25 = 49 × 30.25
+ 0.004225
∴ x = 7 × 5.5 = 38.5
= 65 + 6.5 + 0.65 + 0.065
10. (b)  x x x.......∞ =x = 72.215

\ 7 7 7.......∞ =7 14. (c) 3

k (k 2 + 3k + 3) + 13
3
729 1024 64 = 3
k 3 + 3k 2 + 3k + 1
11. (d) ×3 ×
83 4096 81 = ((k + 1)3)1/3 = k + 1
9 1024 8 = 99 + 1
= × × =1
512 16 9 = 100

2
 Average and Ages
5 (Explanations)

1. (b) Let P, Q and R represent their 6. (b) Let five consecutive odd numbers
respective monthly incomes. Then, we are x, x – 2, x – 4, x – 6 and x – 8.
have: Sum of five consecutive odd numbers
P + Q = (5050 × 2) = 10100 ...(i) =x+x–2+x–4+x–6+x–8
Q + R = (6250 × 2) = 12500 ...(ii) Sum of numbers
P + R = (5200 × 2) = 10400 ...(iii) Average of numbers =
Total numbers
Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get:
2(P + Q + R) = 33000 (5 x − 20)
⇒ 17 = ⇒ 5x – 20 = 85
⇒ P + Q + R = 16500 ... (iv) 5
Subtracting (ii) from (iv) we get ⇒ 5x = 105 ⇒ x = 21
P = 4000. ⸫ The highest number is 21
\ P’s monthly income = Rs. 4000. 7. (d)  Each number is increased by
2. (c) Weight of new person 10%.
= Old weight + No. of persons (New So, by property of average, the average
weight – Old weight) also increases by 10%.
= 65 + 8 × (2.5) 8. (a) The average of 11 results = 60
= (65 + 20) = 85 kg. The total of 11 results = 60 × 11 = 660
3. (a) Since, 23 is odd. Average of first six results = 58
So, the average of 23 consecutive odd Average of last six results = 63
numbers is middle number i.e., 12th Total of first six results = 58 × 6 = 348
odd number is 91. Total of last six results = 63 × 6 = 378
Since, the difference between any two
\ Sixth result = Total of first and last
consecutive odd numbers is 2 and 23rd
six results – total of 11 results
term is 11 terms away from 12th term.
= (348 + 378) – 660 = 726 – 660 = 66
So, the 23rd number = 12th number
9. (a) Let the average age of the whole
+ 2 × 11 = 91 + 22 = 113
team by x years.
4. (a) Let their prices be 3x, 5x and 7x
respectively \ 11x – (26 + 29) = 9(x – 1)
Then, 3x + 5x + 7x = 15000 × 3 ⇒ 11x – 9x = 46 ⇒ 2x = 46 ⇒ x = 23.
⇒ 15x = 45000 ⇒ x = 3000 So, average age of the team is 23 years.
⸫ Cost of cheapest item 10. (b) Multiples of 8 are 16, 24, 32, 40, 48,
= ` (3000 × 3) = ` 9000 56, 64, 72, 80
5. (b) We have, A.M. of 75 numbers = 35 Average
By property of average, as each number 16 + 24 + 32 + 40 + 48 + 56 + 64 + 72 + 80
is increased by 5. =
9
So, the increased average = 35 + 5 = 40 = 48
11. (a) We have, n = 10, mean X = 30. \ Smaller number after addition of 4
 15, 23 are wrongly taken as 51, 32. 1 1
= × 116 = × 116 =29
\ Correct mean 1+ 3 4
[Sum of correct values \ Smaller number = 29 – 4 = 25
− Sum of wrong values] 15. (c) Let the present age of Radha
=X+
n = x years.
(15 + 23) − (51 + 32) 45 5
= 30 + =30 − Q Present age of Radha is times her
10 10 4
= 30 – 4.5 = 25.5 age at the time of marriage and Radha
got married six years ago.
12. (b) We have,
5
No. of persons (n) = 4 So, (x – 6) =x
4
Average (X) = 12
⇒ 5x – 30 = 4x ⇒ x = 30
New average (Y) – Old average (X) = 5
\ Her daughters age after 10 years
\ New average, Y = X + 5 = 17
\ Age of mother 1
= 10 + 30 × = 15 years
= n(Y – X) + Y = 4 × 5 + 17 = 37 6

13. (c) Average marks of entire class = 70 16. (d) We have,

Let x be the total number of student. Numbers of persons = 8
Average weight = 49 kg
Then, marks scored by 10% of the
students = 10% × x × 95 = 9.5x Increase in average after two more
persons joined = 2.8 kg
Marks scored by 20% of the student
\ Sum of weight of Anita and Kamal
= 20% × x × 20 = 4x
= (Number of persons + increase
\ Average marks scored by remaining number of person) × (Increase in
students of the class average) + (Increase in number of
Marks scored remaining students persons) × (old average)
=
Total number of remaining students = (8 + 2) × 2.8 + 2 × 49
[Marks scored by all student − marks scored = 10 × 2.8 + 98 = 28 + 98 = 126
by 10% and 20% student] \ Average of weight of Anita and
= [Total students − (10% + 20%) 126
Kamal = = 63 kg
of total students] 2
70 × x − 9.5 x − 4 x 17. (c) We have,
=
x − 10% of x − 20% of x Total number of students, (n) = 39 kg
56.5 x 56.5 × 10 Number of girls (m) = 26
= = Average of girls (y) = 42
 1 2 7
x 1 − −  Average of weight of whole class (x)
 10 10  = 48 kg
565 nx − my
= = 80.7 \ Average weight of boys =
7 n−m
14. (b) Average of two numbers = 56 39 × 48 − 26 × 42
=
\ Sum of the two numbers = 112 39 − 26
Sum of the two numbers after 4 is 39 × 48 − 26 × 42
=
added = 116 13
Q Ratio of the two numbers is 1 : 3. = 3 × 48 – 2 × 42 = 144 – 84 = 60 kg

2
18. (d) Average of four number = 40 ⇒ 8x = 8 ⇒ x = 1
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 \ Ratio of their age after 10 years
⇒ = 40 = (3 + 10) : (7 + 10) = 13 : 17
4
 x2 + x3 + x4  23. (b) Let age of daughter = x years
x + 3 x1
⇒ 1 = 40   x1 =  Age of her father = 3x years
4  3 
Q Before 10 years age of the father was
⇒ x1 = 40
five times his daughter’s age.
19. (a) The average weight of 10 students
So, (3x – 10) = 5(x – 10)
= 25 kg
The average weight of other 10 students ⇒ 2x = –10 + 50 ⇒ 2x = 40 ⇒ x = 20
= 35 kg \ Present age of father = 3x = 3 × 20
\ The average weight of all 20 students = 60 years
= weighted average 24. (b) Given that,
10 × 25 + 10 × 35 25 + 35 The average age of 5 friend = 32 years
= = = 30 kg So, sum of their ages = 32 × 5 = 160
20 2
years
20. (b) Average of 12(n) numbers = x = 15 The youngest friend is 4 years old, that
& average of 2(m) numbers = y = 14 means youngest was born 4 years ago.
\ Average of other numbers Now 4 years ago,
nx − my 12 × 15 − 14 × 2 Sum = 160 – (4 × 5) = 160 – 20 = 140
= =
n−m 12 − 2 years
180 − 28 So, the average age of group at the time
= = 18 – 2.8 = 15.2 140
10 of the birth of youngest one =
4
21. (d) We have, = 35 years
Age of A = (Age of C) –3 25. (d) \ Father is as old as the son at the
= (Age of D) + 1 ...(i) time of the birth of the son.
Age of D = 1 + (Age of B) \ Father is twice the age of his son.
= (Age of C) – 4 ...(ii)  Father’s age = 48 years
From (ii) ⇒ Son’s age = 24 years
1 + Age of B = (Age of C) – 4 \ Son’s age 6 year back = 24 – 6
⇒ Age of B = (Age of C) – 4 – 1 = 18 years
= 15 – 4 – 1 = 10 [ Age of C = 15] 26. (b) Average of 99 positive integers
22. (d) Ratio of age of 2 boys = 3 : 7 (n + 1) (99 + 1) 100
= = = = 50
\ Their ages = 3x & 7x 2 2 2
27. (c) Given that,
According to question,
The average of three consecutive odd
3x + 2 5 numbers = 65
=
7x + 2 9 So, the numbers = 63, 65, 67
⇒ 27x + 18 = 35x + 10 Now, the required ratio = 63 : 65 : 67

3
 Percentage
6 (Explanations)

1. (c) Population of town three years ago, 2288

P = ` 50000 ⇒ 87% of the number = × 87
44
Increase for two successive years = 4524
= 10%
5. (c) Successive increase percentage are
Decrease in third year = 4%
\ Present population 20%, 25% and 30%.
\ Equivalent increase = (1 – (1 + x%)
 x  y  z 
= P 1 + 1 + 1 −  (1 + y%) (1 + z%)) × 100%
 100  100  100  = (1 – (1 + 20%)(1 + 25%)(1 + 30%))
 10  10  4   × 100%
= 50000 × 1 + 1 + 1 − 
 100  100  100    1  1  3 
 1  1  1  = 1 − 1 + 1 + 1 +   × 100
  5  4  10 
= 50000 × 1 + 1 + 1 − 
 10  10  25   6 5 13 
11 11 24 = 1 − × ×  × 100%
= 50000 × × ×  5 4 10 
10 10 25
= 20 × 11 × 11 × 24 = ` 58080  39  19
= 1 −  %100% = × 100%
2. (d) We have two successive increase,  20  20
x% = y% = 30% = (19 × 5)% = 95%
\ Single Percentage increase 6. (b) We have,
 xy  = 56% of total marks = 98
= x+ y+ %
 100  98
⇒ 4% of total marks =
 30 × 30  14
=  30 + 30 + % 98
 100  ⇒ (4 × 25)% of total marks = × 25
14
= (60 + 9)% = 69%
⇒ 100% of total marks i.e., maximum
3. (d) Passing percentage (x%) = 33%
marks = 175
Total marks obtained by the student (y) 7. (c) Increase = 20%
= 148 Percentage decrease needed to cancel
and marks by which student failed (z)
this increase
= 50
100( y + z )  R   20 
=  = × 100   × 100 
\ Total marks =  R + 100   20 + 100 
x
100 × 198  20  2
= = 600 =  × 100  % = 16 % = 16.66%
33  120  3
4. (b) Given, 44% of the number = 2288 8. (b) x% of 142 + 30% of 280 = 368
2288
⇒ 1% of the number = 142 30
44 So, x+ × 280 = 368
100 100
 142 13. (b) Let the number of tickets sold be
⇒ x = 368 − 84 = 284 ⇒ x = 200 100.
100
⇒ Total collection = 100 × 500
9. (b) X% of 0.3 = 0.03
= Rs. 50000
0.03 ⇒ Total ticket sale during Diwali
⇒X= × 100 ⇒ X = 10
0.3  60 
10. (c) Total population in 1980 = 20000 = 100 +   × 100 = 160
 100 
Increase in 1981 = 25% ⇒ Total increased collection
Decrease in 1982 = 20%  92 
Increase in 1983 = 30% = 50000 + 50000 ×   = Rs. 96000
 100 
Population at the end of 1983
⇒ During Diwali, new ticket fare
 x  y  z  96000
= P 1 +  1−  1+  (increased fare) = = 600
 100  100  100  160
 25  20  30  ⇒ Increase in fair = 600 – 500 = 100
= 20000 1 + 1 − 1 +  ⇒ Percentage increase
 100  100  100 
 100 
 1  1  3 =   × 100 = 20%
= 20000 1 + 1 − 1 +   500 
 4  5  10   x  xy
 5  4  13  14. (d) A =  100 × y  =
  100
= 20000    
 4  5  10  y xy
B= ×x=
= 2000 × 13 = 26000 100 100
11. (c) Let their marks be (x + 9) and x. ⸫ A = B.
56 3 3 
15. (c) =×  100  % = 75%
Then, x + 9 = (x + 9 + x) 4 4 
100
⇒ 25(x + 9) = 14(2x + 9) 16. (d) Required percentage
⇒ 3x = 99 ⇒ x = 33  250 
=  × 100  % =55.5%
So, their marks are 42 and 33.  450 
 75  17. (c) Let the number b x. Then,
12. (a) Given,  300
×C =
 100  75% of x + 75 = x ⇒ x – 75 x = 75
100
 100 
\ C = 300 ×   = 400 3 x
 75  ⇒ x – x = 75 ⇒ = 75 ⇒ x = 300.
4 4
⇒ 160% of B is equal to 40% of C. 18. (b) Number of runs made by running
 160  40 = 110 – (3 × 4 + 8 × 6) = 110 – 60 = 50.
\   × B = 100 × C ⸫ Required percentage
 100 
 40   100   50  5
=  × 100  % =
45 %
\ B =  ×  × 400 = 100  110  11
 100   160 
⇒ 125% of number A is equal to 80% 19. (d) Suppose originally he had x
of number B. mangoes
Then, (100 – 40)% of x = 420.
 125   80 
⸫   ×A=   ×B 60
 100   100  ⇒ ×x= 420
100
 80   100   420 × 100 
\ A =   ×   × 100 = 64 ⇒x=   = 700
 100   125   60 

2
20. (b) Let the sum paid to Y per week be 1
Rs. z. \ Reduced price = Rs. 80% of
2
Then, z + 120% of z = 550.
120 4 1 2
⇒ z+ z= 550 = Rs. × = Rs.
100 5 2 5
11 2
⇒ z = 550 = × 100 paise = 40 paise
5 5
 550 × 5  24. (a) Let the total number of workers in
⇒z=   = 250.
 11  the factory be x.
21. (b) Total number of failed students is Male worker above 30 years = 1350
455
and percentage of failed student 60 75
⇒ x× × = 1350
= (100 – 35)% = 65% 100 100
So, 65% of total students = 455
1350 × 100 × 100
So, the total number of students= ⇒x = 3000
appeared for the examination = 60 × 75
455 25. (d) Let the total amount = Rs. x
× 100
65 \ x – 20% of x – (x – 20% of x) × 5%
91
= × 100 = 700 students – 120 = 1400
13
x 4x 5
22. (a) Required reduction in consumption ⇒ x− − × − 120 =1400
5 5 100
R
= × 100% , where R = 25 x x
100 + R ⇒ x− − = 1520
5 25
25
= × 100% = 20% 25 x − 5 x − x
100 + 25 ⇒ = 1520
25
23. (b) Let original rate = Rs. x per egg.
4x 19 x
New rate = 80% of x = Rs. ⇒ =1520
5 25
5 50
Original quantity = 40 × = 1520 × 25
4x x = ⇒x = Rs. 2000
19
5 50
New quantity = 40 × = \ Expenditure on transport
4x x
50 40 10 1 x 1
\ − =⇒20 x = = = = × 2000 = Rs. 80
x x 20 2 25 25

3
 Ratio, Proportion and
7 Partnership (Explanations)

1. (a) Let the two numbers is 2x and 3x. Let 1st and 3rd part are x and 3x.
Then, according to the question, Q 1st part is 5kg more than 2nd part.
2x + 2 3 So, second part = (x – 5) kg
= ⇒ 8x + 8 = 9x + 6 ⇒ x = 2 \ x + (x – 5) + 3x = 260
3x + 2 4
\ Sum of original numbers = 2x + 3x ⇒ 5x = 260 + 5 = 265 ⇒ x = 53
= 5x = 5 × 2 = 10 \ The required three parts = 53, 48 and
159.
2. (c) P ∝ Q
5. (a) Let x be the required angle.
P
⇒ = k (a constant) 3
Q So,
= x (180 − x )
7
15 3 3
⇒ =k [ When P = 15, Q = 7] ⇒ x + x = × 180
7 7 7
\ When, Q = 14 then, 10 x 3
⇒ =× 180
P P 15 7 7
=k ⇒ = ⇒ P = 30
Q 14 7 3 × 180
⇒x= = 54°
3. (d) Total investment by A = ` 40000 10
for 4 months + (40000 + 20000) for 8 2
6. (a) A’s share = of B’s share
months 9
= 40000 × 4 + 60000 × 8 = ` 640000 A 2
⇒ = ⇒ A : B = 2 : 9 ...(i)
Total investment by B B 9
= 50000 × 12 = ` 600000 3
Total investment by C C’s share = of A’s share
4
= 70000 × 8 + 4 × (70000 – 10000) A 4
= 800000 ⇒ = ⇒ A : C =4 : 3 ...(ii)
C 3
Total investment D = 60000 × 6
From (i) and (ii)
= ` 360000
A : B : C = 4 : 18 : 3
\ Ratio of investments of A, B, C and D
4
= 640000 : 600000 : 800000 : 360000 \ A's share = × 1250 = 200
= 64 : 60 : 80 : 36 = 16 : 15 : 20 : 9 4 + 18 + 3
\ Sum of shares of C and D in the 18
B's share = × 1250 = 900
profit of ` 92100 is 4 + 18 + 3
20 + 9 3
= × 92100 C's share = × 1250 = 150
16 + 15 + 20 + 9 4 + 18 + 3
29 29 × 3070 7. (c) Given,
= × 92100 = = ` 44515 1 5
60 2 A:B= : =4:5
2 8
4. (d) Total rice = 260 kg
1 4
Ratio of 1st and 3rd part = 1 : 3 B : C = : = 5 : 12
3 5
 3 5 = 18 : 42 : 35
C:D= : = 12 : 5 42
4 16 B’s share = × 33630
\ A : B : C : D = 4 : 5 : 12 : 5 18 + 42 + 35
8. (b) We have, 42
= × 33630 = 42 × 354 = Rs. 14,868
(P – Q) = 40% of (P + Q) 95
2 15. (c) Let the third number be x.
⇒ (P – Q) = × ( P + Q) Then, first number = 20% of x + x
5
⇒ 5(P – Q) = 2(P + Q) 120 x 6 x
= 120% of x = =
P 7 100 5
⇒ 3P = 7Q ⇒ = Second number = 50% of x + x
Q 3
150 x 3 x
9. (c) Let the first and second part are x kg = 150% of x = =
and y kg respectively. 100 2
∴ Ratio of first two number
Then, according to the question,
11y + 5x = 7(x + y)  6 x 3x 
=  = :  12=x :15 x 4 : 5.
x 2  5 2 
⇒ 4y = 2x ⇒ =
y 1 16. (d) Let the original salaries of Ravi and
10. (c) Total investment by A = ` 40,000 Sumit be Rs. 2x and Rs. 3x respectively.
for 12 months 2 x + 4000 40
Then, =
= 12 × 40000 = ` 4,80,000 3 x + 4000 57
Total investment by B = ` 50000 for 8 ⇒ 57(2x + 4000) = 40(3x + 4000)
moths + ` 40000 for 4 months ⇒ 6x = 68,000 ⇒ 3x = 34,000
= 50000 × 8 + 40000 × 4 Sumit’s present salary = (3x + 4000)
= 400000 + 160000 = ` 560000 = Rs. (34000 + 4000) = Rs. 38,000.
Total investment by C = ` 60000 for 9
months + ` 20000 for 3 months a b c 3 4 4 42 16
17. (b) × × = × × = =
= 540000 + 60000 = ` 600000 b c d 5 3 5 52 25
\ Ratio of profits = ratio of total a : d = 16 : 25
investments
x+ y 7
= 480000 : 560000 : 600000 18. (a) =
= 24 : 28 : 30 = 12 : 14 : 15 x− y 5
11. (b) Let the fourth proportional of 4, 5 ⇒ 5x + 5y = 7x – 7y
and 16 is x. x 12
⇒ 2x = 12y ⇒ = = 6
Then, 4 : 5 : : 16 : x y 2
4 16 16 19. (a) Let required number is x.
⇒ = ⇒ x= × 5 = 20
5 x 4 15 − x 3
then, =
Also, mid proportional of 4 and 16 19 − x 4
= 4 × 16 = 8 ⇒ 60 – 4x = 57 – 3x ⇒ 3 = x
\ Required sum = 28 20. (c) Let the third and fourth proportion
12. (b) It is given that, of 2, 3 & 9 and 3, 5 & 9 respectively are
4 x x and y respectively?
= ⇒ x2 = 64 ⇒ x = 8 2 x 3 9
x 16 =∴ and
=
13. (d) From option (d), 3 9 5 y
 32   y  18 5×9
⇒x
= and y
=
  =   ⇒ x . y = 32 × 2 = 64 3 3
 x  2
14. (a) We have, A : B = 3 : 7 and B : C = 6 : 5 ⇒ x = 6 and y = 15
A:B:C=3×6:7×6:7×5 \ Required difference = 15 – 6 = 9

2
 Profit, Loss and Discount
8 (Explanations)

1. (b) Cost Price (C.P.) = ` (4700 + 800) ⇒ 2000 – 100x = 25x

= ` 5500. ⇒ 125x = 2000 ⇒ x = 16.
Selling Price (S.P.) = `5800. 5. (d) (C.P. of 17 balls) – (S.P. of 17 balls)
Gain = (S.P.) – (C.P.) = (C.P. of 5 balls)
= ` (5800 – 5500) = ` 300. ⇒ C.P. of 12 balls
 300  5 = S.P. of 17 balls = ` 720.
Gain % =  × 100  % = 5 %
 5500  11  720 
⇒ C.P. of 1 ball = `   = ` 60.
2. (a) Let C.P. of the doll is ` 100.  12 
Then marked price 6. (d) Gain percentage
= ` 100 + (35 % of 100) Correct − False
measurement measurement
= 100 + 35 = ` 135 = × 100%
False measurement
Now, we have SP after 15% discount
1meter − 90 cm
= 135 – (15% of 135) = × 100%
90 cm
= 135 – (15% × 135)
= 135 – 20.25 = 114.75 100cm − 90 cm
= × 100%
\ Profit Percentage 90 cm
10 1 1
 ( SP − CP )  =× 100% = × 100% = 11 %
=   × 100% 90 9 9
 CP 
7. (b) Let the original price be ` x. then,
 (114.75 − 100 )  95% of 88% of x = 209
=   × 100% = 14.75%
 100   209 × 100 × 100 
⇒x=   = 250.
⸫ He gains 14.75% on the deal.  95 × 88 
3. (c) C.P. of 6 toffees = Rs. 1 8. (c) Let C.P. = ` x. Profit = 200%
6 ∴ S.P. = C.P. + Profit = x + 200% of x
S.P. of 6 toffees = 120% of Rs. 1 = `
5 = 100% of x + 200% of x
6 = 300% of x = ` 3x.
For ` , toffees sold = 6.
5 Required ratio = x : 3x = 1 : 3.
 5
For Rs. 1, toffees sold =  6 ×  = 5 9. (b) Let C.P. ` 10x and S.P. = ` 11x.
 6
Profit = `(11x – 10x) = ` x.
4. (b) Let C.P. of each article be Rs. 1,  x 
C.P. of x articles = ` x. ∴ Profit % =  × 100%  = 10%
 10 x 
S.P. of x articles = ` 20. 10. (a) We have,
Profit = ` (20 – x) C.P. of 120 mangoes = S.P. of 110
20 − x mangoes
⇒ Profit% = 25% ⇒ × 100 = 25
x So, x = 120, y = 110
 x− y  36 − 16 20
⸫ Gain% =  × 100  % = × 100% = × 100%
 y  16 16
5
 10  1 = × 100% = 125%
= × 100%  = 9 % . 4
 110  11
16. (c) C.P. of 20 pens = M.P. of 16 pens
350 
11. (a) C.P. of 1 banana = `   = ` 3.50
S.P. of 20 pens = M.P. of 20 pens
 100  \ Profit on 20 pens = S.P. – C.P.
 48  = M.P. of 20 pens – M.P. of 16 pens
S.P. of 1 banana = `   = ` 4
 12  = M.P. of 4 pens.
\ Profit = S.P. – C.P. = 4 – 3.5 = ` 0.5 Profit
\ Profit percentage = × 100%
 0.50  100 C.P.
⸫ Gain% =  × 100  % = %
 3.50  7 M.P. of 4 pens
= × 100%
2 M.P. of 16 pens
= 14 %
7 1
12. (a) S.P. = C.P. + Profit = × 100% = 25%
4
⇒ 360 = C.P. + 20% of C.P. 17. (d) Profit gained by wholeseller = 5%
⇒ 360 = 1.2 C.P. ⇒ C.P. = 300 Profit gained by Retailer = 10%
13. (b) Let the profit when the product is \ (C.P. for wholeseller) × (1 + 5%)
sold for ` 95 is ` x. (1 + 10%) = S.P. for retailer or C.P. for
\ C.P. = ` (95 – x) customer
Also, profit is 2x when the product is ⇒ C.P. for wholeseller
sold for ` 115. C.P. for customer
\ C.P. = ` (115 – 2x) =
(1 + 5%)(1 + 10%)
⇒ 95 – x = 115 – 2x
4158 378
⇒ x = 115 – 95 = 20 = =
105 110 105 1
\ C.P. = 95 – 20 = `75 × ×
100 100 100 10
14. (b) We have,
378 × 10 × 20
Cost price of the shirt = `270 = = 18 × 10 × 20 = ` 3600
21
Also, Marked percentage = 8%
18. (d) Given that,
& discount percentage = 10%
The S.P. of scooty = `50,000
\ Selling price
Loss percentage = 20%
= C.P. × (1 + 8%) (1 – 10%)
100
108 90 So, C.P. = × S.P.
= 270 × × (100 − Loss %)
100 100
26244 ( 50,000 × 100 )
= = ` 262.44 = = ` 62500
100 80
15. (b) Shopkeeper bought 6 toffees for ` 4. Q Profit % = 10%
& sold 4 toffees for ` 6.
ay − bx 100 + Profit%
\ Gain percentage
= × 100% \ New S.P. = × C.P.
bx 100
6×6 − 4× 4 110
= × 100% = × 62500 = ` 68750
4× 4 100

2
19. (b) Let the cost price of the product = ` x 20. (b) We have,
Then, S.P. of the product = x(1 + 20%) Old profit, x% = 20%
 28% discount is given on M.P. New profit, y% = 25%
So, M.P. (1 – 28%) = x(1 + 20%) Extra profit made, A = ` 35
M.P. 1 + 20% A
⇒ = \ C.P. of the article = × 100
x 1 − 28% y−x
M.P. 1 + 0.2 1.2 5 35
⇒ = = = = × 100 = ` 700
C.P. 1 − 0.28 0.72 3 25 − 20

3
 Time and Work
9 (Explanations)

1. (c) According to question, A and B can 3. (d) (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work

do a work in 12 days 1 1 1 1
1 =  + + 
\ (A + B)’s one day’s work = 2  12 8 6 
12
Similarly, 1 2+3+ 4 3
=  =
1 2  24  16
(B + C)’s one day’s work =
15 \ B’s 1 day’s work
1 = (A + B + C)’s – (A + C)’s one day work
and (C + A) one day’s work =
20 3 1 9−8 1
= −= =
On adding all three, 16 6 48 48
\ 2 (A + B + C)’s one day’s work \ Work will be finished by B in
1 1 1 5+4+3 1 48 days.
= + += =
12 15 20 60 5 4. (a)  A & B together takes 15 days to
1 complete work.
(A + B + C)’s one day’s work =
10 So, n = 15
\ A, B and C together can finish the & B takes 20 days to complete the same
whole work in 10 days. work.
2. (b)  A take 4 hours to complete the So, m = 20
work. So, \ Time taken by A to complete the
1 mn 20 × 15
A’s 1 hours’ work = work = = = 60 days
4 m−n 20 − 15
1 1
Similarly, (B + C)’s 1 hour’s work = 5. (c) (A + B)’s 1 day’s work =
3 72
1 1
(A + C)’s 1 hours work = (B + C)’s 1 day’s work =
2 120
\ C’s 1 hour’s work 1
(C + A)’s 1 day’s work =
= (A + C)’s – A’ 1 hour work 90
On adding all three,
1 1 2 −1 1
= − = = 2(A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work
2 4 4 4
\ B’s 1 hour work 1 1 1 5+3+ 4 1
= + += =
72 120 90 360 30
= (B + C)’s – C’s 1 hour’s work
1
1 1 4−3 1 \ (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work =
= −= = 60
3 4 12 12
Hence, B alone can do the work in 3 1
\ (A + B + C)’s 3 days’ work = =
12 hours. 60 20
 M 1D1 M 2 D2 So, time taken by 4 men to do the work
6. (a) We know that = 72 × 18
W1 W2 = = 324 days.
4
Here, M1 = 72, W1 = 280, D1 = 21,
Time taken by 12 women to do the
D2 = 18 & W2 = 100 work = 162 days.
72 × 21 M 2 × 18 Let the total work = LCM of 324, 324
So, =
280 1000 & 162 = 324 unit.
⇒ M2 × 18 × 280 = 100 × 72 × 21 Work
\ Efficiency of 10 bags =
100 × 72 × 21 Time
⇒ M2 = = 30
18 × 280 324
= = 1 unit/day
\ Total number of required men = 30 324
7. (c) Time taken by A to complete the Work
Efficiency of 4 men =
work = 9 days Time
Time taken by B to complete the work 324
= = 1 unit/day
= 12 days. 324
Let the total work = LCM of 9 & 12 Work
= 36 units Efficiency of 12 women =
Time
Work 36 324
Then, efficiency of A = = = = 2 unit/day
Time 9 162
= 4 unit/day \ Combined efficiency of 10 boys, 4
Work 36 men & 12 women
efficiency of B = =
Time 12 = 1 + 1 + 2 = 4 unit/day
= 3 unit/day So,
 The work is done by A & B Total work
alternatively. Required time =
Combined efficiency
So, work done in 2 days = work done
by A in 1 day + work done by B in 1 day 324
= = 81 days
= 4 + 3 = 7 unit 4
So, work done in 10 days = 7 × 5 9. (a) Time taken by P to finish the task
= 35 unit. = 5 days
Remaining work = 36 – 35 = 1 unit. Time taken by Q to finish the task
 Work was started by A i.e., A worked = 4 days
on 1st day. Time taken by P, Q and R to finish the
So, B worked on 10th day. task = 2 days
So, A will work on 11th day. Total work = LCM (5, 4, 2) = 20
So, time taken by A to do 1 unit of work 20
work 1 So, Efficiency of P = =4
= = day 5
eff. 4 20
Efficiency of Q = =5
So, total time taken by A & B to do the 4
1 1 And combined efficiency of P, Q and
work = 10 + = 10 days.
4 4 R = 10
8. (b) Time taken by 9 boys to do the work So, efficiency of R = 10 – 5 – 4 = 1
= 360 days 1
So, amount paid to R = × 3,000
So, time taken by 10 boys to do the 10
360 = ` 300
work = × 9 = 324 days
10 10. (b) Given that,
Time taken by 18 men to do the word 36 men can build 50% of the house in
= 72 days 10 days.
2
 Let x men can complete the same in \ Total work = 8(4m + 6w)...(i)
20 days. Similarly,
 When work is same then, Total work = 10(3m + 7w)...(ii)
M1D1 = M2D2 Now, 8(4m + 6w) = 10(3m + 7w)
So, 36 × 10 = x × 20 = 18 men
 [From (i) & (ii)]
11. (a) Time taken by 1st puncture,
⇒ 16m + 24w = 15m + 35w
m = 6 min
Time taken by 2nd puncture, n = 9 min m 11
⇒ m = 11w ⇒ =
So, time taken by both punctures w 1
mn 6 × 9 54 18 3 Thus, ratio of efficiencies of 1 man & 1
= = = = = 3 min woman = 11 : 1
m + n 6 + 9 15 5 5
 1  1 \ Total 1 work = 8(4 × 11 + 6 × 1)
12. (b) A’s 2 day’s work =  × 2  = = 400 units
 20  10
(A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work & efficiency of 10 women = 10 × 1
1 = 10 units.
 1 1 1  6
= + +  = = \ Time taken by 10 women to complete
 20 30 60  60 10
work 400
1 1 1 the work = = = 40 days
Work done in 3 days =  +  = efficiency 10
 10 10  5
15. (b) Work done by X in 4 days
⸫ Whole work will be done in (3 × 5)
= 15 days.  1  1
=  × 4 =
1  20  5
13. (c) (A + B)’s 1 day’s work = and
10  1 4
1 Remaining work = 1 −  =
C’s 1 day’s work =  5 5
50
(A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work  1 1
(X + Y)’s 1 day’s work =  + 
1 1  6 3  20 12 
=  +  = = ...(i)
 10 50  50 25 8 2
= =
A’s 1 day’s work = (B + C)’s 1 day’s 60 15
work  .... (ii) 2
Now, work is done by X and Y
From (i) and (ii), we get: 15
3 in 1 day.
2 × (A’s 1 day’s work) =
25 4
3 So, work will be done by X and Y in
⇒ A’s 1 day’s work = 5
50
 15 4 
1 3   ×  = 6 days.
⸫ B’s 1 day’s work =  −   2 5
 10 50 
Hence, total time taken = (6 + 4) days
2 1
= = = 10 days.
50 25
x
So, B alone could do the work in 16. (b) Suppose A, B and C take x, and
25 days. 2
x
14. (b) Let efficiency of 1 man = m days respectively to finish the work.
& efficiency of 1 woman = w 3
\ work done by 4 men & 6 women in Now, since they take 2 days to complete
1 day = (4m + 6w) the work working together.

3
 1 21. (a) Let two inlet pipes are A & B that
1 2 3
Then,  + +  = ⇒ x = 12. can fill the tank in 20 & 30 hours
 x x x 2
respectively.
 12  And C be the leak.
So, B takes   = 6 days to finish \ Tank can be filled by A in 1 hour
 2
the work. 1
=
17. (d) Tank can be filled by the pump in 1 20
1 & tank can be filled by B in 1 hour
hour = part
2 1
=
and due to leak tank filled by the pump 30
1 1 3 ⇒ Tank can be filled by A & B together
in one hour = = = part
1 7 7 1 1
2 in + .
3 3 20 30
Work done by the leak in 1 hour \ Together they can fill the tank in
1 3 1
= − = part 1 20 × 30
2 7 14 = = 12 hours
1 1 50
⸫ Leak will empty the tank in 14 hours +
20 30
18. (a) A’s + B’s + C’s 1 day wok
 Due to leak C it takes 12 + 18 = 30
1 1 1 12 1
= + + = = hours to fill the tank.
12 15 20 60 5
1
∴ Total days required = 5 ⇒ In 1 hour tank filled =
30
19. (b) 5 men can complete a work in
\ In 1 hour tank emptied by leak C
6 days
1 1 1 1
1 men can complete it in 30 days = + − =
Similarly, 1 women can complete it in 20 30 30 20
50 days \ Total time leak C will take to empty
1 day work of 5 women and 3 men the full tank = 20 hours.
5 3 2 1 22. (d) We have,
= + = =
50 30 10 5 3
Pipe A & B together can fill th of a
∴ 5 women and 3 men can complete 4
it in 5 days. cistern in 12 minutes.
1 So, A & B together can fill whole
20. (c) Tank filled in 1 hour by A =
12 12
cistern in × 4 = 16 minutes
1 3
Tank filled by B in 1 hour =
20 ⇒ Cistern filled by A & B together in 1
1 1
Tank emptied by C in 1 hour = minutes =
15 16
\ Total tank filled in 1 hour when A, B 5
& C work together Also, A can fill th of cistern in
8
1 1 1 5+3−4 4 1 15 minutes.
= + − = = =
12 20 15 60 60 15 15 × 8
So, A can fill whole cistern in
\ Total time taken by A, B & C to 5
= 24 minutes.
complete the work
1
1 ⇒ Cistern filled in 1 minute by A =
= = 15 hours. 24
1
\ Cistern filled by B in 1 minute
15

4
 1 1 3−2 1 Time taken by C to empty the tank
= − = = = 30 hours.
16 24 48 48
\ Cistern filled by B in 40 minutes Let the total capacity of the tank
1 5 = LCM of 20, 25, 30 = 300 units
= 40 × = part. Work
48 6 \ Efficiency of A =
23. (d)  Time taken by X to fill the tank Time
= 21 minutes 300
= = 15 unit/hour
1 20
\ Tank filled by X in 1 minute = 300
21 Efficiency of B = = 12 unit/hour
Also, time taken by Y to empty the 25
taken = 14 minutes 300
Efficiency of C = = 10 unit/hour
1 30
\ Tank emptied by Y in 1 minute =
14 \ Tank filled in 3 hours = Tank filled
\ Tank emptied in 1 minute when by A in 1 hour, B in 1 hour & C in 1
A & B are opened simultaneously hour
1 1 2−3 1 = 15 + 12 – 10 = 17 unit
= − = = −
21 14 42 42 \ Tank filled in 3 × 17 i.e., 51 hours
\ Time taken by A & B to empty = 17 × 17 = 289 unit
14.28% of the tank Remaining tank filled = 11 unit.
Work 14.28% 1 42  A will work on 52nd hour. So, time
= = = ×
Efficiency 1 7 1 taken to fill 11 unit
42 11
= 6 minutes
= hour
24. (b) We have, 15
11
Time taken by A to fill the tank \ Total required time = 51 +
15
= 20 hours
11
Time taken by B to fill the tank = 51 hour.
= 25 hours 15

5
 Time, Distance and Speed
10 (Explanations)

1. (a) We have Time, Length of the train = 150 m

T = 15 minutes 30 seconds \ Time taken by the train to cross the
= 15 × 60 + 30 sec = 930 sec platform
Distance, D = 900 meters [Length of the train
D 900 + Length of platform]
\ Speed, S = = m/s =
T 930 Speed of the train
900 18 18 × 18 (150 + 180) m 330 6 × 18
= × = = 3.48 km/h = = =
930 5 93 88 km/h 5 8
88 ×
2. (b) Total distance travelled by 18
A = 60 km – 12 km = 48 km 27 1
= = 13 s
Total distance travelled by 2 2
B = 60 km + 12 km = 72 km 5. (a)  Train takes 3 seconds to pass
Ratio of the distance travelled by A to B the pole and 15 seconds to pass the
= 48 : 72 = 2 : 3 platform.
 Time is constant So. the train takes (15 – 3) i.e.,
So, ratio of speed of A to B = 2 : 3 12 seconds to cover the distance equal
to the platform.
 A rides 4 km/h slower than B.
Now, Distance covered in 3 seconds
So, 3 – 2 = 1 unit = 4 km/h = 110 m
\ Speed of A = 2 units = 2 × 4 = 8 km/h \ Length of platform = distance
3. (a) We have, distance between the thief covered in 12 see = 4 × 110 = 440 m
and the policeman = 200 m 6. (b) We have,
Speed of the thief = 10 km/h (a) 50 meter/second
and speed of the policeman = 11km/h 18
= 50 × km/h = 180 km/h
\ Relative speed = 11 – 10 = 1km/h 5
5 5 (b) 50 meter/minute
= 1 × =m/s 60
18 18 = 50 × km/h = 3 km/h
Distance reduced between the thief and 1000
the policeman after 6 min. (c) 70 km/hour
5 (d) 5 km/minute = 5 × 60 km/h
i.e., 360 sec = × 360 = 300 km/h
18
\ 50 meter/minute is least.
= 5 × 20 = 100 m
7. (a) We have,
\ Required distance after 6 minutes
= 200 – 100 = 100 m Speed of the man in still water
= 6 kmph
4. (c) We have, Velocity of the Current = 2 kmph
Speed of the train = 88 km/h \ Downstream speed (S1)
Length of the platform = 180 m = 6 + 2 = 8 kmph
 Upstream speed (S2) = 6 – 2 = 4 kmph Also, speed of the boy in still water
And, total time taken, T = 3 hours. [Speed of downstream
So, Distance of the place + Speed of upstream]
S1S 2 8× 4 =
= T
×= ×3 2
S1 + S 2 8+4 2 +1
= = 1.5 unit
32 2
= × 3 = 8 km
12  Speed of current = 2 km/hr
8. (a) We have, ⇒ 0.5 unit = 2 km/hr
Speed of the train = 54 km/hr ⇒ 1.5 units = 2 × 3 = 6 km/hr
5 \ Speed of the boy in still water
= 54 × = 15 m/s
18 = 6 km/hr
Time taken to cross the platform 11. (d) Speed of the 1st train = 40 km/h
= 18 sec 5 100
 Length of the platform is double the = 40 × m/s = m/s
18 9
length of the train.
Speed of the 2nd train = 50 km/h
So, time taken to cross 3 times length
5 125
of the train = 18 sec = 50 × m/s = m/s
18 9
⇒ Time taken to cover length of the
18 Length of 1st train = 120 m
train = = 6 sec Length of 2nd train = 80 m
3
\ Time taken by the train to cross each
\ Length of the train = 15 × 6 = 90 m
other
Length of the platform = 2 × 90
= 180 m Sum of lengths of the two trains
=
Sum of speeds of the two trains
9. (b) We have,
Speed of the first train = 80 km/hr 120 + 80 200
= = =8s
Length of the second train = 1000 m 100 125 25
+
= 1 km 9 9
Let speed of the second train = x km/hr Distance
 Man sitting in the first train passes 12. (a) Time =
Speed
second train in 18 second. We see that the distance is given in
So, metres while the speed is given in km/
Length of second train hr and the answer is asked in seconds.
Time =
Sum of speeds of both trains So, convert km/hr into m/s by
18 1
⇒ = multiplying 5 m/s to the given value
3600 80 + x 18
⇒ 80 + x = 200 ⇒ x = 120 km/h of speed.
10. (a) Ratio of spend of boy in downstream Speed of Puja = 30 km/hr
to upstream = 2 : 1 5 75
= 30 × = m/sec
So, Speed of the current 18 9
Downstream speed – Upstream speed \ Time taken to cover 500 m
=
4 D 500 9
= = = 500 × = 60sec
2−1 S 75 75
= = 0.5 unit 9
2

2
13. (b) Due to stoppages, it covers 9 km 4800
less. = = 48 kmph
100
Time taken to cover 9 km \ Total distance covered by car
 9  = Time × speed = 10 × 48 = 480 km
=  × 60  min = 10 min
 5
 54  19.
= (d) Speed 60 km/h =  60 ×  m/sec
 18 
14. (b) Distance from A to B be ‘d’
Average Speed  50 
=   m/sec
2 S1S 2 2 × 20 × 30  3 
= = Length of the train = (Speed × Time)
S1 + S 2 20 + 30
1200  50 
= = 24 kmph =  × 9  m =150 m
50  3 
15. (b) Let the time taken to reach the  5
20. (c) Speed
= 45km/h =  45 ×  m/sec
destination be 3x hours.  18 
Total distance = 40 × 3x = 120x km  25 
=   m/sec
2 1  2 
He covered × 120x = 80x km in Time = 30 sec
3 3
Let the length of bridge be x metres,
× 3x = x hours
Then,
So, the remaining 40x km, he has to
cover in 2x hours Sum of length of train
40 x and bridge
So, the required speed = = Speed
2x Time
= 20 kmph 130 + x 25
⇒ =
16. (a) Speed of train = 36 km/h 30 2
5 ⇒ 2 (130 + x) = 750 ⇒ x = 245 m
= 36 × m/s = 10 m/s 21. (d) Distance = (240 × 5) = 1200 km.
18
To cross a bridge, train need to cover Distance
Speed =
= 360 + 120 = 480 m Time
480 1200
Time required = = 48 sec Speed = km/hr.
10 5
17. (c) A 250 long train takes 50 seconds to 3
cross a tree. 2 5
[ We can write 1 hours as hours]
250 18 3 3
∴ Speed = = 5m/s = 5×
50 5  3
∴ Required speed = 1200 × 
= 18 km/h  5
18. (b) Total time taken to complete the = 720 km/hr.
journey = 10 hr 36
22. (b) Speed upstream = = 6 kmph
Speed for half of the journeys (S1) 6
= 40 kmph. 40
\ Speed for another half of the journey Speed downstream = = 5 kmph
8
(S2) = 60 kmph Speed of boat in still water =
 Distance is constant Downsteam speed + Upstream Speed
So, average speed 2
2 S1S 2 2 × 40 × 60 5 +6
= = = = 5.5 kmph
S1 + S 2 40 + 60 2

3
23. (b) We have, Therefore, distance = Time × Speed
Speed of boat in still water = 6 km/h = 3 × 8 = 24 km
Speed of current = 2 km/h 24. (d) We have old speed = 40 km/h
Speed of boat in downstream = Speed New speed = 50 km/h
of boat in still water + Speed of current Therefore, ratio of old speed to the new
= 6 + 2 = 8 km/h speed = 40 : 50 = 4 : 5
Speed of boat in upstream = Speed of Since, distance is constant. So, ratio of
boat in still water-Speed of current = 6 time taken in old speed to time taken in
– 2 = 4 km/h new speed = 5 : 4
So, the ratio of speeds in downstream With old speed, time taken = 11 min
to upstream = 8 : 4 = 2 : 1 late
Since, distance is constant. With new speed, time taken = 5 min
So, ratio of time taken in downstream late
to upstream = 1 : 2 So, with new speed man takes 6 min
Since, man takes 3 hours more in less to reach the place.
upstream. So, 5 – 4 = 1 unit = 6 min
So, 2 – 1 = 1 unit = 3 hour ⇒ time taken, with old speed = 5 units
⇒ time taken in downstream = 1 unit = 5 × 6 = 30
= 3 hours So, the current time = 30 – 11 = 19

4
 Simple and Compound
11 Interest (Explanations)

1. (b) Let sum = ` x. Then, S.I. = ` x 2

 R 
 100 × S .I .  Then, 1200 1 +  = 1348.32
⸫ Rate % =  %  100 
 P ×T  2
 R  134832 11236
 100 × x  ⇒ 1 +  = 120000 = 10000
= =  % 10%  100 
 x × 10 
2 2
2. (a) Amount = Rs. (30000 + 4347)  R   106 
⸫ 1 +  = 
= Rs. 34347  100   100 
Let the time be n years. R 106
n ⇒ 1+ = ⇒ R% = 6%
 7  100 100
Then, 30000 1 +  = 34347
 100    5  
2

n 6. (c) Amount = Rs. 8000 × 1 +  

 107  34347  100  
⇒   = 30000 
 100 
 21 21 
11449  107 
2 = Rs.  8000 × ×  = Rs. 8820.
= =    20 20 
10000  100  7. (c) We have, T = 2 years
⸫ n = 2 years.
R = 8%
3. (c) Let total capital be ` x. and C.I. – S.I. = 768
x 7  x 8  R2
Then,  × × 1 +  × × 1 Q C.I. – S.I. for two years = P ×
 3 100   4 100  10000
P ×8×8
 5 x 10  ⇒ 768 =
+ × × 1 =
561 10000
  12 100 
\ P = ` 120000
7x x x
⇒ + + = 561 n n
300 50 24  20  6
8. (b) P 1 +  > 2 P or   > 2
⇒ 51x = (561 × 600)  100  5
 561 × 600  6 6 6 6
=⇒ x =  6600 Now,  × × ×  > 2.
 51  5 5 5 5
 r 
t
So, n = 4 years.
4. (c) Amount = P 1 +  9. (a) Gain in 2 years
 100 
 25 2   5000 × 4 × 2  
 4 
2
= Rs.  5000 × × − 
Here, 169 = P 1 +   4 100   100 
 100 
= Rs. (625 – 400) = Rs. 225.
(169 × 25 × 25)  225 
⇒P= = 156.25 ⸫ Gain in 1 year = Rs. 
26 × 26 
 2 
5. (a) Let the rate be R% p.a.
= Rs. 112.50
10. (c) Let P = Rs. 100. Then, S.I. = Rs. 60 13. (c) We have,
and T = 6 years. P = ` 1000
T = 1 years
 100 × 60  R = 10% per annum
⸫R=   = 10% p.a.
 100 × 6  \ C.I. when interest is compounded
Now, P = Rs. 12000. T = 3 years and yearly
R = 10% p.a. = Amount – Principal
  10 
3
  R   R 
⸫ C.I. = Rs. 12000 × 1 + = P 1 +  − P = P 1 + − 1
 − 1  100   100 
  100  
R 10
 331  = P× = 1000 × = 100
= Rs. 12000 ×  = ` 3972. 100 100
 1000 
C.I. when interest is compounded semi
11. (b) We have,
annually-
P = Rs. 4800 = Amount – Principal
T = 2 years 3 months
9  R  R 
3 = P 1 + 1 + −P
=2+ years = years  2 × 100  2 × 100 
12 4
1  R  R  
R% = 10 % per annum = P  1 + 1 +  − 1
2   200  200  
21
= % per annum  10  10  
2 = 1000 1 + 1 +  − 1
P × R ×T  200  200  
\ S.I. =  21 21 
100 = 1000  × − 1
21 9  20 20 
4800 × ×
2 4  441 − 400  10
= = 1000 
100  = 4 × 41 = 102.5
 400 
= 6 × 21 × 9 = Rs. 1134
\ Required difference = 102.5 – 100
12. (b) We have,
= ` 2.5
P = Rs. 800 14. (b) Let the money is P & rate of interest
A = Rs. 926.10 is R%.
R = 10% per annum Then,
n = 2 [Interest is compounded semi 2
 -annually i.e., 2 times in a year]  R 
Amount after two years = P 1 + 
Now,  100 
2
 R 
n ×T
36  R 
A = P 1 + ⇒ × P= P 1 + 
 25  100 
 n × 100 
2
 10 
2×T
36  100 + R 
⇒ 926.10 = 800 1 + ⇒ = 
 25  100 
 2 × 100 
2
9261  21 
2×T  100 + R 
2
⇒ =    6   20 
8000  20  ⇒   = 
5  5
3 2×T  
 21   21   
⇒   =  
 20   20  100 + R
3 1 ⇒ = 6 ⇒ R = 120 – 100 = 20
⇒3=2×T⇒T= = 1 years 20
2 2 \ Rate of interest = 20%
2
15. (c) Let the time period be T years. 19. (a) It is given that,
Simple interest on ` 1000 at 10% per P = 2000, R = 5%, T = 5 year
annum As we know that,
1000 × T × 10 (P × R × T ) (2000 × 5 × 5)
= = 100T SI = =
100 100 100
and simple interest on ` 800 at 10% per = ` 500
annum Total amount = 2000 + 500 = ` 2500
20. (c) We have, sum of money becomes 3
800 × T × 10
= = 80T times in 6 years. So, n = 3 and t = 6.
100
So, the time in which the amount will
 100T is 100 more that 80T.
become 6 times of itself
So, 100T – 80T = 20T = 100 m −1 (9 − 1)
= =×t × 6 = 24 years
100 n −1 3 −1
⇒T= =5
20 21. (a) In the first year, interest = Rs. 110
16. (a) Let the principal = ` P In the second year, interest = Rs. 121
And simple interest per annum = ` x
Thus an additional interest of Rs. 11 is
Then, P + 5x = 520 earned in the second year.
and P + 7x = 568 This additional interest is earned on the
⇒ 2x = 48 ⇒ x = 24 interest earned in first year i.e., on Rs.
\ P = 520 – 5x = 520 – 24 × 5 = Rs.400 110.
17. (d) Let the rate of interest and time = T Therefore,
And principal amount = P 11 × 100
Rate of interest = % = 10%
As we know that, 110 × 1
P × R ×T 22. (d) Given C.I. for the 3rd year =
S.I. = Rs. 5,544 and rate = 15%
100
4 P × R ×T  r 
n

So, P= Then, C.I. = P1 1 +  − 1
5 100   100  
4 T2
⇒ =  [Since, R = T]  15 
1

5 100 ⇒ 5,544 = P1 1 +  − 1
⇒T 2 = 80 ⇒ T = 4 5  100  
So, rate of interest = 4 5 % P.A.  3 
⇒ 5,544 = P1  
18. (b) Given that,  20 
P = 25000 5,544 × 20
⇒ P1 = Rs. = Rs. 36,960
T = 5 years 3
S.I. = 1500 The amount at the end of 2nd year
Let rate of interest = R% per annum = Rs. 36,960
For first 2 years
As we know that,
A = Rs. 36,960 : r1 = 10% and r2 = 12%
P × R ×T
S.I. =  r  r 
100 \ A = P 1 + 1 1 + 2 
25000 × R × 5  100  100 
⇒ 1500 = ⇒ R = 1.2  10  12 
100 ⇒ 36,960 = P 1 + 1 + 
So, rate of interest = 1.2%  100  100 

3
 So, simple interest = Amount – Principal
 11  28 
⇒ 36960 = P   
 10  25  (25 x × R × 4)
⇒ = 6x
100
36,960 × 10 × 25
⇒ P = Rs. = Rs. 30,000 ⇒ 600 = 100 × R
11 × 28
23. (b) Given: ⇒ Rate = 6% per annum
The ratio of principal and Amount 24. (a) Simple interest at two different
= 25 : 31 rates are equal
Formula used: PR
1 1T PRT
P × R ×T ⇒ = 2 2
Simple interest = 100 100
100 Time period is also same here.
Calculation:
P1 R2 P 6 P 3
Let the principal is Rs. 25x and Amount ⇒ = ⇒ 1 = ⇒ 1 =
is Rs. 31x P2 R1 P2 8 P2 4

4
 Mixture & Alligation
12 (Explanations)

1. (d) Let the initial quantity of liquids 3. (c) Water in Water to

A and B is the jar be 4x and x litrers the Mixture be added
respectively. 1 1
After removing 10 litres of mixture, 3 1
4 2
Quantity of liquid A = 4x – ×10
5 3
= (4x – 8) litres
1  2 1  2 1 1
Quantity of liquid B = 4x – ×10 1  3  =   = 3
5   3  3 3
= (4x – 2) litres \ Ratio of amount of old mixture and
After pouring 10 litres of liquid B, 1 1
water to be added = : = 1:1
Quantity of liquid B = (4x – 2)+10 litres 3 3
 Amount of old mixture = 75 litres
Quantity of liquid A So, the water to be added = 75 litres.
∴
Quantity of liquid B 4. (b) Alcohol strength = 40%
4x − 8 2 \ Alcohol in the 5 litres of mixtrue
= =
4 x − 2 + 10 3 = 40% of 5 = 2 litres
⇒ 12x – 24 = 8x + 16 ⇒ 4x = 40 and water in the 5 litres of mixture
= 5 – 2 = 3 litres
40
⇒x= = 10  1 litre of water is added.
4
\ New amount of water in the mixture
\ Initial quantity of liquid A = 4x
= 3 + 1 = 4 litres
= 4 × 10 = 40 litres
\ Strength of alcohol in the new solution
2. (b) Quantity of lead in 1 kg of first alloy 2 2 1
=0g = × 100% =× 100% = 33 %
2+4 6 3
Quantity of lead in 1 kg of second alloy
5. (b) 30% 50%
3 3 1
= = = kg = 250 g
5 + 4 + 3 12 4
45%
Quantity of lead in the mixture of 1 kg
of first and 1 kg of second alloy
5% 15%
= 0 + 250 = 250 g
\ Ratio of mixture of 30% alcohol
\ Quantity of lead in the new alloy per strength to mixture of 50% alcohol
250 1 strength = 5% : 15% = 1 : 3
kg = g =125 g = kg
2 8
6. (b) Let the price of milk = ` 100 per kg 20 15
and, price of water = ` 0 per kg
16
Now, the man makes 25% profit.
So, price of the water mixed milk 1 4
1 : 4
125 \ Require price of type B sugar = ` 15
= 100 × = ` 125 per kg
100 per kg
Now, 100 0 9. (a) Initial quantity of paint = 20 L
Removed quantity of paint in each step
125 =2L
The final quantity of paint in the drum
125 25
5 : 1 = Initial quantity ×
n
 Removed quantityin each step 
\ Ratio of milk and water = 5 : 1 1 − Initial quantity 
 
So, for every liter of milk, quantity of 3 3
2 1
1000 ml = 20 1 −  = 20 1 − 
water mixed = × 1 = 200 ml  20   10 
5 3

7. (b) Quantity of ` 240 per kg tea = 9 kg  9  20 × 729 729

= 20 ×  = =
 10  1000 50
Quantity of ` 280 per kg tea = 7 kg
The final quantity of oil in the drum
240 280 729 1000 − 729 271
==20 – =
50 50 50
257.5 \ Required ratio = final quantity of
22.5 17.5 paint : final quantity of oil
9 7 729 271
= : = 729 : 271
\ 9 + 7 = 16 units = 280 – 240 50 50
= 40 per kg 3
10. (b) Milk content in the first vessel =
40 5
⇒ 1 units = = 2.5 per kg 7
16 Milk content in the second vessel =
10
[\ (S – M) + (M – F) = S – F]
2
⇒ 9 units = 22.5 per kg And Milk content in the mixture =
3
\ Required average Now, Milk-I Milk-II
= 280 – 22.5 = 257.5 per kg 3 7
Alternate method: 5 10
9 × 240 + 280 × 7
Required average = 2
9+7
3
2160 + 1960 4120
= = = 257.5 per kg 7 2 2 3
16 16 − −
10 3 3 5
8. (b) Price of mixture = ` 16 per kg
Therefore, required ratio
Ratio of sugar of type A and B = 1: 4 7 2 2 3 1 1
= − : = − :
= 1:2
\ Price of sugar of type A = ` 20 per kg 10 3 3 5 30 15

2
 Algebra
13 (Explanations)

1. (b) Let x and y be units and tens digit of  The given equation has unique
the required two digit number . solution.
Then, two digit number = 10y + x. a b 4 p
\ According to the question, So, 1 ≠ 1 ⇒ ≠ ⇒p≠4
a2 b2 2 2
xy = 6 …(i)
(10y + x) + 9 = 10x + y So, for all value of p except p = 4 the
⇒ 9x – 9y = 9 pair of equations has unique solution.
⇒ x – y = 1 ⇒ x = y + 1 …(ii) 5. (a) Given, 52x + 65y = 183 …(i)
From (i) and (ii) 65x + 52y = 168 …(ii)
(y + 1) = 6 Adding (i) and (ii)
⇒ y + 1 = 3 and y = 2 117x + 117y = 351
⇒y=2 ⇒x+y=3
\x×2=6⇒x=3
6. (c)  x = 3 is root of x2 – 2kx – 6 = 0
\ Required two digit number is 10 ×
2 + 3 = 23 ⇒ 32 – 2k × 3 – 6 = 0
2. (a) Let Priya answered x questions ⇒ 9 – 6k – 6 = 0
correctly and y questions incorrectly. ⇒ 3 – 6k = 0 ⇒ 6k = 3
\ According to question, 3 1
\k= =
x + y = 120 …(i) 6 2
1 7. (d) Given, quadratic equation is:
and x × 1 – × y = 90
2 3x2 + kx + 3 = 0
⇒ 2x – y = 180 …(ii) Here, a = 3, b = k and c = 3
(i) + (ii) ⇒ 3x = 300 ⇒ x = 100 For real and equal roots,
\ She answered 100 questions correctly. D = b2 – 4ac = 0
3. (c) Let the fixed charge be ` x. ⇒ b2 – 4ac = (k)2 – 4 × 3 × 3 = 0
and, additional charge is ` y. ⇒ k2 = 36 ⇒ k = 6, – 6
According to the question,
8. (d) We have, a and b are roots of
x + (6 – 2)y = 22
x2 – 4x + 2 = 0
and x + (4 – 2)y = 16
\ Sum of roots = a + b
⇒ x + 4y = 22 ...(i)
−b (− 4)
⇒ x + 2y = 16 ...(ii) = = − =4
Subtracting eqn (ii) from (i) a 1
2y = 6 \ Product of roots of = ab
⇒y=3 c 2
= = =2
\ Charge for each extra day = ` 3 a 1
4. (b) We have, Now, (α – b)² = (a + b)2 – 4αb
4x + py + 8 = 0 = 42 – 4 × 2 = 16 – 8 = 8
2x + 2y + 2 = 0 \a–b= 8=2 2
 9. (a) Given that, α, b and g are roots of From (i) and (ii), a (10 – a) = 16
4x3 – 2x2 – 3x + 1 = 0 ⇒ 10a – a2 = 16
−b (− 2) 1 ⇒ a2 – 10a + 16 = 0
⇒a+b+g= = − = ⇒ a2 – 8a – 2a + 16 = 0
a 4 2
c 3 ⇒ a (a – 8) – 2(a – 8) = 0
ab + bg + ga = = − ⇒ (a – 2) (a – 8) = 0
a 4 \ a = 2, 8
d −1 ⇒ b = 10 – a = 8, 2
\ αβγ = − =
a 4 \ a2 + b2 = 22 + 82 = 4 + 64 = 68
1 1 1 bg + ag + ab
Now, + + = 3x x + 2 x + 2
a b g abg 14. (a) − + =1
4 3 12
3
− 3 x × 3 4( x + 2) x + 2
⇒ − + =1
= 4 =3 12 12 12
1
− ⇒ 9x – 4x – 8 + x + 2 = 12
4
⇒ 6x – 6 = 12 ⇒ 6x = 18 ⇒ x = 3
10. (b) We have, a = 5, l = 45 and Sn = 400 15. (b) We have,
n n 18 x + 6
 Sn = (a + l) ⇒ 400 = (5 + 45)
2 2 =
2 x (7 x + 4) − 14 x 2 + x + 3
⇒ 400 × 2 = n × 50
18 x + 6
400 × 2 =
⇒n= = 8 × 2 = 16 14 x + 8 x − 14 x 2 + x + 3
2

50
18 x + 6
11. (b) First twelve 2-digit numbers which = =2
9x + 3
are multiples of 6 are
16. (c) Given, 2x + ky = 5 ⇒ 2x + ky – 5 = 0
12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66,
\ 4x + 6y = p ⇒ 4x + 6y – p = 0
72, 78
\ Pair of linear equations are
\ Required Sum = 12 + 18 + 24 + 30
inconsistent.
+ 36 + 42 + 48 + 54 + 60 + 66 + 72 + 78
= 6 (2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 a1 b1 c1
So, = ≠
+ 11 + 12 + 13) a2 b2 c2
= 6 (1 + 2 + 3 + …… + 13) – 6 2 k −5
13 × (13 + 1) ⇒ = ≠
=6× –6 4 6 −p
2
= 3 × 13 × (14) – 6 = 546 – 6 = 540 k 5
⇒ k = 3 and ≠
12. (c)  nth term = 5n + 3 = 5n – 5 + 3 + 5 6 p
= 8 + 5(n – 1) 1 5
Comparing with a + (n – 1)d we get, ⇒ k = 3 and ≠ ⇒ p ≠ 10
2 p
a = 8 and d = 5
\ (k + p) can not be (3 + 10) i.e., 13.
Now, 248 = 8 + 240 = 8 + 48 × 5
= 8 + (49 – 1) × 5 17. (b) Let x be the numerator and y be the
\ n = 49 denominator of the required fraction
Hence, 248 is 49th term. then,
13. (d) Let the two numbers and a and b. x+5 6
= ⇒ 5x – 6y = – 25 …(i)
a+b y 5
Then, A.M. = =5 x 1
2 \ = ⇒ 2x – y = 4 ...(ii)
⇒ a + b = 10 …(i) y+4 2
\ G.M. = ab = 4 Subtracting (i) from (ii) after
⇒ ab = 16 …(ii) multiplying (ii) by 6

2
 6(2x – y) – (5x – 6y) = 6 × 4 – (– 25) ⇒ x2 – 10x + 25 – (x2 + 6x + 9) = 48
⇒ 7x + 0 = 24 + 25 ⇒ – 16x + 16 = 48 ⇒ 16x = – 32
⇒ 7x = 49 ⇒ x = 7 − 32
\ 2 × 7 – y = 4 [from (ii)] \x= =–2
16
⇒ y = 14 – 4 = 10 \ (B) – (iv)
7 (C) 6(x – 4) = 4(x – 3) – (3x – 8)
\ Required fraction is .
10 ⇒ 6x – 4x + 3x = – 12 + 8 + 24
18. (b) Given, 3x + 5y = 19 …(i) ⇒ 5x = 20 ⇒ x = 4
and 10x – 3y = 24 …(ii) \ (C) – (i)
Adding and (i) and (ii) after multiplying (D) (2x – 1) (2x + 3) = (2x – 7) (2x + 7)
(i) by 3 and multiplying (ii) by 5. ⇒ 4x2 + 6x – 2x – 3 = 4x2 – 49
\ 3(3x + 5y) + 5 (10x – 3y) ⇒ 4x = – 46
= 3 × 19 + 5 × 24 − 46 − 23
⇒x= =
⇒ 59x + 0 = 57 + 120 = 177 4 2
177 \ (D) – (ii)
⇒x= =3
59 Thus, option (c) is correct.
a 21. (c) Let the reservation charge = ` x
⇒ =3⇒a=9
3 and fare of a fall ticket = ` y
Also, 3 × 3 + 5y = 19 [From (i)] Then, according to question,
⇒ 5y = 10 ⇒ y = 2 x + y = 525 …(i)
b y
⇒ =2⇒b=4 \ (x + y) + (x + ) = 850
2 2
\ (a + b) = 9 + 4 = 13 ⇒ 4x + 3y = 1700 …(ii)
19. (c) Let x be the unit’s digit and y be Subtracting equation (i) from equation
the ten’s digit of the required number. (ii) after multiplying equation (i) by 3.
Then, the number is 10y + x. \ (4x + 3y) – 3(x + y) = 1700 – 3 × 525
\ x = 5 + y…(i) ⇒ x + 0 = 1700 – 1575 = 125
Also, 5(10y + x) = 24 + 2 (10x + y) \ Reservation charge per ticket = ` 125.
⇒ 48y – 15x = 24 2a 2 − 3b 2 2
22. (a) We have, =
⇒ 48y – 15 (5 + y) = 24 [From (i)] a 2 + b2 41
⇒ 48y – 75 – 15y = 24 ⇒ 82a – 123b = 2a + 2b2
2 2 2
99 a 2 125 25
⇒ 33y = 99 ⇒ y = =3 ⇒ 80a2 = 125b2 ⇒ = =
33 b 2 80 16
Also, x = 5 + 3 = 8 [From (i)]
\ Required number a 25 25 5
⇒= = =
= 10y + x = 10 × 3 + 8 = 38 b 16 16 4
x −1 x + 5 23. (c) We have, A.P. 1, 5, 9, 13. …
20. (c) (A) 14 – = –3 \ a = 1 and d = 5 – 1 = 4
10 6
\ a10 = a + (n – 1)d
x + 5 x −1
⇒ 17 = + = 1 + (10 – 1)4 = 1 + 9 × 4 = 1 + 36 = 37
6 10
24. (b) Let the first term and common
5( x + 5) + 3( x − 1) different of the A.P. is a and d.
⇒ 17 =
30 Then, a + a7 = 28
⇒ 510 = 8x + 22 ⇒ 8x = 488 ⇒ a + a + (7 – 1)d = 28
488 ⇒ 2a + 6d = 28
\x= = 61
8 ⇒ a + 3d = 14 …(i)
\ (A) – (iii) Also, a2 × a7 = 252
(B) (x – 5)2 – (x + 3)2 = 48 ⇒ (a + d) (a + 3d) = 252

3
 ⇒ (a + d) × 14 = 252 [From (i)] 30. (d) 4x2 – 8x + 3
⇒ a + d = 18 …(ii) = 4x2 – 6x – 2x + 3
Subtracting (ii) from (i) = 2x (2x – 3) – 1 (2x – 3)
2d = – 4 ⇒ d = –2 = (2x – 3) (2x – 1)
Also, a + (–2) = 18 31. (b) Given that: 2a2b, 4ab2, 6ac2
\ a = 20
 2a is present in all.
n
\ Sum of 1st six terms = (2a + (n – 1)d) So, common factor = 2a
2
6 32. (b) Given, (a + b)2 = 5 + 2 6
= [2 × 20 + (6 – 1) × (–2)]
2 = 3 + 2 + 2× 3× 2
= 3 [40 – 10] = 90
25. (d)  a, b and c are in G.P. = ( 3) 2 + ( 2) 2 + 2 × 3 × 2
\ b2 = ac = ( 3 + 2) 2
⇒ (b ) = a × c
y 2
y
x
x
z
z \ Possible value of b = 2 or, 3
33. (a)  (m – n)2 = m2 + n2 – 2mn
⇒ ( ) =( ) ( )
2y x
1 1 1 z
b y
a × c x z ⇒ 162 = 400 – 2mn
⇒ 2mn = 400 – 256 = 144
⇒ ( ) =( ) ( )
1 2y 1 x 1 z

b y
b × b y y ⇒ mn = 72
34. (b) Given that, 2x + 3y – 7 = 0
⇒ ( ) =( )
1 2y 1 x+ z

b y
b y
3
If x = –   then from above equation
⇒ 2y = x + z 2
26. (c) 2x, x + 4 and x + 1 are in A.P. 3
⇒ 2(x + 4) = 2x + x + 1 – 2   + 3y – 7 = 0
[ a, b and c in A.P. ⇒ 2b = a + c] 2
⇒ 2x – 3x = 1– 8 ⇒ – 3 + 3y – 7 = 0
⇒–x=–7⇒x=7 10
⇒ 3y – 10 = 0 ⇒ 3y = 10 ⇒ y =
27. (d) Given A.P. is 3, 7, 11, … 407 3
\ a = 3 and d = 7 – 3 = 4 35. (b) x= 3 + 2 2 ⇒ x = 2 + 1 + 2 2
Now, 407 = 404 + 3 = 3 + (101) × 4
= 3 + (102 – 1)4 ⇒=x ( 2 + 1) 2
\ 407 is 102th term.
\ There are total term 102 term.
⇒ =
x 2 + 1 or − ( 2 +1 )
28. (c) Let a and b be the roots of the 1 1 1
⇒ = or −
required quadratic equation. x 2 +1 2 +1
\ A.M. of a and b = 8
1 1 2 −1
a+b ⇒= ×
⇒ = 8 ⇒ a + b = 16 …(i) x 2 +1 2 −1
2
Also, G.M. of a and b = 5 −1 2 −1
or ×
⇒ ab = 5 ⇒ ab = 25 …(ii) 2 +1 2 −1
1
Now, equation of required quadratic
equation is
⇒ = 2 − 1 or − 2 − 1
x
( )
x2 – (a + b)x + ab = 0 1
⇒ x2 – 16x + 25 = 0 [From (i) and (ii)] ∴ x− = 2 + 1 − ( 2 − 1)
x
29. (c) Given that, 3 x = 2y
⇒ x = 8y3 or  −
 ( ) (
2 +1 + 2 −1 
 )
y3 1
So, = 1
x 8 ⇒ x− = 2 or –2
x
So, option (c) is correct option.
4
36. (a)  –7x2y3z = (–7xy) (xy2z) 42. (c) Let x and y be the ten’s and unit’s
So, coefficient of xy2z = –7xy digits respectively of the number
denoting the woman’s age.
37. (a) (x – y)(x + y) + (y – z)(y + z) + (z – x)
Then, Rajni’s age = (10x + y) years;
(z + x) = x² – y² + y² – z² + z² – x² = 0
husband’s age = (10y + x) years.
1 1
38. (b) x + =4
x Therefore (10y + x) – (10x + y) =  
 11 
Squaring, we get (10y + x + 10x + y)
1 1
x2 + 2 + 2 = 16 ⇒ (9y – 9x) =   (11y + 11x) = y + x
x
 11 
1
⇒ x 2 + 2 = 16 − 2 = 14 4
x ⇒ 10x = 8y ⇒ x =   y
Again squaring, 5
1 Clearly, y should be a single-digit
x4 + 4 + 2 = 196 multiple of 5, which is 5.
x
So, x = 4, y = 5
1 Hence, Rajni’s age = 10x + y = 45 years.
⇒ x 4 + 4 = 196 − 2= 194
x 43. (d) Let number of notes of each
39. (a) a + b + c = 9, ab + bc + ca = 23 denomination be x.
Squaring, (a + b + c)2 = (9)2 Then, x + 5x + 10x = 640 ⇒ 16x = 640
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 (ab + bc + ca) = 81 ⇒ x = 40.
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 × 23 = 81 Hence, total number of notes = 3x = 120.
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 + 46 = 81 44. (b) Let the number of deer be x and the
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 = 81 – 46 = 35 number of kangaroo be y.
a b Then, 4x + 2y = 2(x + y) + 14
40. (d) + = 1 ⇒ 2x = 14 ⇒ x = 7.
b a
a 2 + b2 45. (a) Let price of one book = ` B
⇒ =1 ⇒ a 2 + b 2 =ab Price of one pen = ` P
ab
Now, a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2) \ According to the question,
= (a + b) (a2 + b2 – ab) 5B + 7P = 79 ...(i)
= (a + b) (ab – ab) = (a + b) × 0 = 0 7B + 5P = 77 ...(ii)
41. (b) Let ` x be the fare of Bareilly from Adding (i) & (ii)
12B + 12P = 156 ⇒ B + P = 13 ...(iii)
Agra and ` y be the fare of Chitrakoot
from Agra. Subtracting (i) from (ii)
2B – 2P = –2 ⇒ B – P = –1 ...(iv)
Then, 2x + 3y = 7700 ...(i) Adding (iii) & (iv)
and 3x + 2y = 7300  ...(ii) 2B = 12 ⇒ B = 6
Multiplying (i) by 3 and (ii) by 2 and From (iii)
subtracting, we get: 6 + P = 13
5y = 8500 ⇒ y = 1700 ⇒P=7
Putting y = 1700 in (i),we get \ Cost of 2 pen and 1 book
2x = 2600 ⇒ x = 1300. = 2 × 7 + 6 = 20

5
 Mensuration
14 (Explanations)

1. (c) Given that, OE = 7cm Now, when radius is doubled then new
As per the given figure, radius = 2r
Perimeter of figure = Perimeter of \ New volume of the cylinder
Semi-circle + DC + CB + BA = p × (2r)2 × h = p × 4r2 × h = 4pr2h
Where Perimeter of semicircle = 4 × (old volume)
22 \ New volume is 4 times the volume.
= pr = × 7 = 22 cm
7 4. (c) Let the height and base of the right
And DC = CA = BA = 7 + 7 = 14 cm angled triangle are h unit and b unit
So, Perimeter of figure respectively.
= 22 + 14 + 14 + 14 = 64 cm 1
\ Area = ×h×b
D 2
C
1
7 cm ⇒ 30 × h = × h × b[Given]
E O 2
⇒ b = 60 unit
B 5. (b) Let the side of each cube = a cm
A Now, volume of each cube = 125 cm3
2. (a) We have ⇒ a3 = 125 ⇒ a = 5 cm
Diagonal of the rhombus, d1 = 16 cm 5
cm
\ Area = 240 cm2
d ×d 16 × d 2
 Area = 1 2 ⇒ 240 =
2 2 5 cm
240 × 2
⇒ d2 = = 30 5 cm
16
\ Side of the rhombus, Now, total surface area of the solid
2 2
obtained after joining two cubes each
 d1   d 2  of volume 125 cm3
a=   + 
2  2 = 2 × (Total surface are of the cube) – 2
× (area of one face of the cube)
2 2
=  16   30  = 82 + 152 = 2 × 6a2 –2 × a2 = 12a2 – 2a2 = 10a2
  +  = 10 × 52 = 10 × 25 = 250 cm2
 2  2 
6. (c) Circumference of 1st circular field =
= 64 + 225 =289 = 17 cm 396 m
\ Perimeter of the rhombus = 4a ⇒ 2pr1 = 396
= 4 × 17 = 68 cm 396 396 × 7
⇒ r1 = = = 9 × 7 = 63 m
3. (b) Let the radius of the cylinder = r 2π 2 × 22
and height of the cylinder = h Circumference of 2nd circular field =
\ Volume of the cylinder = pr2h 132 m
 ⇒ 2pr2 = 132 \ Area of the circle = pr2
132 132 × 7 22
⇒ r2 = = = 3 × 7 = 21 m = × 21 × 21 = 1386 cm2
2π 2 × 22 7
Now, radius of third circular field 9. (b) Let the radius of the sphere = r
= r1 + r2 = 63 + 21 = 84 m \ Surface area of the sphere = 4pr2
\ Area of third circular field = pr2 After increasing 50%,
22 r 3r
= × 84 × 84 = 22176 m2 Radius = r + r × 50% = r + =
7 2 2
2
7. (c) Diameter of the sphere and cone = 7  3r 
cm \ Now surface area = 4p ×  
 2
\ radius of there sphere and cone, 9
r = 3.5 cm = × 4pr2
4
\ Height of the cone, h = height of the \ Percentage increase in surface area
toy – radius of hemisphere
New surface area − Old surface area
= 15.5 – 3.5 = 12 cm = × 100%
Old surface area
9
× 4πr 2 − 4πr 2
= 4 × 100%
4πr 2
15.5 cm 9−4 5
=  × 100% = × 100% = 125%
 4  4
7 cm
10. (c) Dimension of copper slab
= 22 cm × 10 cm × 5 cm
\ Volume of the slab = 22 × 10 × 5
= 1100 cm2
Now, total surface area of the toy
 diameter of the wire = 1mm = 0.1 cm
= curved surface are of cone + curved 0.1
surface area of hemisphere Radius, r = = 0.05 cm
2
= prl + 2pr2 = pr (l + 2r)
\ Let the length of the wire = h cm
22 \ Volume of the wire = pr2h
= × 3.5 × ( r 2 + h 2 + 2 × 3.5)
7 = 22 × (0.05)2 × h
= 11 × ( 3.52 + 112 + 7)  Slab is melted and recasted in a wire.
So, volume of slab = volume of the
= 11 × ( 156.25 + 7) =11 × (12.5 + 7) wire
= 11 × 19.5 = 214.5 cm2 ⇒ 22 × 10 × 5 = pr2h
Since, the cost of polishing the toy is 20 22
⇒ 22 × 10 × 5 = × 0.05 × 0.05 × h
paise per cm2. 7
\ Total cost of polishing the toy h
⇒ 20000 =
= 214.5 × 20 paise = 4290 paise 7
= `42.90 ⇒ h = 140000 cm = 1400 m
8. (a) The largest circle that can be drawn  Cost of rubber coating the wire
= ` 1.5 per meter.
inside a rectangle with side 63 cm and
\ Total cost of rubber coating
42 cm will have diameter equal to
= ` 1400 × 1.5 = ` 2100
42 cm.
11. (a) We have, length of the rectangular
42
\ Radius, r = = 21 cm hall, l = 18 m
2 height, h = 8 m
2
 Let breadth of the hall = b. Volume of water displaced
Then, area of four walls = 2 (lh + bh) = Displacement of water by 120 man.
⇒ 448 = 2h(l + b) ⇒ 80 × 60 × x = 120 × 6
⇒ 448 = 2 × 8 (18 + b) ⇒ 4800 × x = 720
⇒ 28 = 18 + b ⇒ b = 10 720
\x= = 0.15 m
4800
12. (b) We have, ratio of the sides of the
16. (c) Given that, The volume of the wall
1 1 1
triangle = : : = 20 : 15 : 12 = 128 cm3
3 4 5 Let the breadth, b = x cm
Semi-Perimeter = 47 cm So, Height, h = 6x cm
⇒ Perimeter = 2 × 47 = 94 cm And Length, l = 9x cm
\ length of the longest side  Volume = l × b × h
⇒ 128 = 9x × 6x × x
20 20 ⇒ 128 = 54x3
= × 94 = × 94 = 40
20 + 15 + 12 47 128 64 43
⇒ x3 = = = 3
13. (b) We have, radius of the sector = 9 cm 54 27 3
The length of the arc of the sector 4
⇒x= = 1.33 cm
θ 2π 3
= 2pr × = 210° × ×9
360° 360° 17. (a) We have, area of the right angled
 A cone is made from this sector. isosceles triangle = 112.5 cm2
So, length of arc = Circumference of 1 2
⇒ × side = 112.5
the base of the cone 2
2π ⇒ Side2 = 225 ⇒ Side = 15 cm
⇒ 210° × × 9 = 2pr
360° 18. (a) Given, Perimeter of square = 84 cm
21 84
⇒ r= = 5.25 cm ⇒ 4 × a = 84 cm ⇒ a = cm
4 4
\ a = 21 cm
14. (b)  The rectangular room is separated
\ Area of the square a2 = (21)2
by a separator of length 7 m in two
= 21 × 21 = 441 cm2
square shaped room.
Thus, Area of the square is 441 cm2.
19. (c) Adjacent sides of parallelogram are
7m 12 cm and 9 cm
12 cm

7m 7m h2 h1 9 cm
Separator
So, Area of floor of rectangular room Distance between shorter sides = 8 cm
= 2 (Area of square shaped room) Area of parallelogram
= b × h1 = 9 × 8 cm2 = 72 cm²
= 2 × 7 × 7 = 98 m2
Again, area of parallelogram = b × h
15. (c) We have,
⇒ 72 = 12 × h2
Length of swimming pool = 80 m
72
Breadth of swimming pool = 60 m ⇒ h2 = ⇒ h2 = 6 cm
12
Let the depth of the water displaced Therefore, the distance between its
from swimming pool = x m longer side = 6 cm
3
20. (d) Total surface are of a sphere = 4pr2 = 2πrh + 2(2πr2)
Total surface area of a hemisphere = (2 × 3.14 × 2.5 × 9) + 2(2 × 3.14 × 2.52)
= 2pr2 + pr2 = 3pr2 = 219.8 mm2
\ Required ratio = 4pr2 : 3pr2 = 4 : 3
a3 1 a 1
21. (b) We have, h = 8.4 cm, r = 2.1 cm 24. (d) = ⇒ =
b3 27 b 3
1 2 Ratio of their surface area
\ Volume of the cone = πr h
3 = 6a2 : 6b2 = 6 ×12 : 6 × 32 = 1 : 9
1 22
= × × 2.1 × 2.1 × 8.4 A1 4 πr 2 4 r 2
3 7 25. (c) = ⇒ 12 = ⇒ 1 =
Let the radius of the sphere = R A2 9 πr2 9 r2 3
4 Ratio of their circumference is,
\ Volume of the sphere = πr 3
3 2πr1 r1 2
= =
 Cone is recasted into sphere. 2πr2 r2 3
So, volume of cone = volume of sphere.
26. (c)  Perimeter of circle = Area of
1 22 4 22
⇒ × × 2.1 × 2.1 × 8.4 = × × R 3 circle
3 7 3 7
r 4
⇒ 2.1 × 2.1 × 2.1 = R3 \ 2πr = 4a ⇒ =
⇒ R = 2.1 cm a 2π
2
22. (c) We have, curved surface area of the Area of circle πr 2  r  14
\ == π  =
cone = 12320 cm2 Area of square a 2
 a  11
and radius of the base, r = 56 cm
⇒ Area of circle: Area of Square = 14 : 11
 Curved surface area = prl
22 27. (c) Pythagoras theorem,
⇒ 12320 = × 56 × l
7 Hypotenuse2 = Perpendicular2 + Base2
220 × 7 ⇒ Diagonal2 = length2 + breadth2
⇒ = l ⇒ l = 70
22 ⇒ 172 = 152 + Breadth2
\h= ⇒ Breadth2 = 64 ⇒ Breadth = 8 m
l 2 − r 2= 702 − 562
\ Area of the field = 15 m × 8 m
= 4900 − 3136 =
1764 = 42 = 120 m2
23. (a) Radius of the common base (r) = 2.5 1
28. (c) Area of the square =   (diagonal)
2

mm because the width of the capsule is 2

equal to the diameter of the cylinder. 1
=   (3.8) 2 = 7.22 m2
2
29. (a) Height, h = P 2 − b2
14 m 2 2
= 13 − 12 = 25 = 5 cm
Area of right angle triangle
1 1
= × b × h = × 12 × 5 = 30 cm2
5 mm 2 2
Length of the cylinder (h) = length 30. (b) Length of altitude of equilateral
of the capsule – 2(radius of the 3 3
hemisphere) = 14 – 2(2.5) = 9 mm triangle = ×a = × 3 3 = 4.5 cm
2 2
The surface area of the capsule
= C.S.A of the cylinder + 2(C.S.A of \ Area of the square = a2 = 4.52
the hemisphere) = 20.25 cm2

4
31. (d) Let the height of parallelogram = x cm ⇒ r1 = 4x and r2 = 7x
Then base = 2x cm  r2 = 14 m [Given]
Area of parallelogram = 72 cm2 ⇒ 7x = 14 ⇒ x = 2 m
⇒ 2x.x = 72 cm2 \ r1 = 4x = 4 × 2 = 8 m
⇒ 2x2 = 72 cm2 ⇒ x2 = 36 cm2 = 6 cm 36. (a) Let the length and breadth of the
rectagle are l & b respectively.
32. (b) Ratio of Curved Surface Area
\ New length =l + l × 20%
2πr1h1
= 20
2πr2 h2 =l+l× = 1.2 l
100
r   h  3 2 2 10
=  1  ×   = × = = 2:5 \ New = b – b × 10% = b – b ×
r
 2  2h 5 3 5 100
= 0.9 b
33. (c) We have,
\ % change in area
Radius of cylinder ( R ) 3
= New area − Old area
Radius of cone (r ) 4 = × 100%
Old area
Height of cylinder ( H ) 2 1.2l × 0.9b − lb
& = × 100%
Height of cone (h) 3 = lb
Volume of Cylinder π R 2 H 1.08 − 1
\ = = × 100%
Volume of Cone 1 2 1
πr h
3 = 0.08 × 100% = 8%
π × 32 × 2 \ Area increases by 8%

= = 9
1 8
2
π× 4 ×3 37. (b) Area of an equilateral triangle
3
3 3 2
34. (a) l = b + 5 ...(i) = × (side) 2 = × 8 = 16 3 cm 2
4 4
⇒ l × b = 750 m2...(ii)
⇒ (b + 5) × b = 750 m2 ⇒ b = 25 m 38. (c) We have, h = 1 m,
\ l = b + 5 = 25 + 2 = 30 m r = 35 cm = 0.35 m
Total surface area = 2πr(h + r)
Area of 1st circular field 16 22
35. (a) = =2× × 0.35 (1 + 0.35) m2
Area of 2nd circular field 49 7
πr12 16 r 4 2 × 22 × 0.35 × 1.35 2
⇒ = ⇒ 1 = = m = 2.97 m2
πr2 2 49 r2 7 7

5
 Geometry
15 (Explanations)

1. (c) As ∠AOB is a straight angle. We have,

So, 2x – 10 + x + 10 + x + 20 = 180° ∠ACB = 90° [Angle in semicircle]
⇒ 4x + 20 = 180° And ∠CAB = 30° [Given]
⇒ x = 40° ∴ ∠ABC = 180° – ∠ACB – ∠CAB
2. (d) ∠DBC + ∠CBA = 180° [Linear  [Sum of angles in triangle = 180°]
pair] = 180° – 90° – 30° = 60°
⇒ 7y° + 5y° = 180° ⇒ 12 y° = 180° Again, ∠ADC +∠ABC = 180°[Sum of
⇒ y° = 15° opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral
Now,∠BAC + ∠ACB + ∠ABC = 180° = 180°]
⇒ x° + 3y° + 5y° = 180° ⇒ ∠ADC = 180° – 60º = 120°
⇒ x° + 8 × 15° = 180° [ y° = 15°]
8. (c) P
⇒ x° = 180° – 120° = 60° C
3. (b) ∠Q = ∠P = 50° [alternate interior
angles]
 ∠QPR + ∠Q + ∠R = 180° [Angle O
 sum property of a D]
\ ∠QPR = 85° 68°
R Q
4. (d) Since, exterior angle of a triangle
equals to the sum of opposite interior In ΔPQR, PQ = QR
angles. ⇒ ∠PRQ = ∠QPR [Angles opposite
\ ∠ACD = ∠BAC + ∠ABC to equal sides of a triangle are equal]
⇒120° = 50° + x Also, ∠QPR + ∠RQP + ∠PRQ = 180°
⇒ x = 70°  [Sum of the angles of a Δ is 180°]
5. (a) x – y = 30° ...(i) ⇒ 68° + 2∠PRQ = 180° [⸪ ∠PRQ =
Also, x + y = 180° – 40°  ∠QPR]
⇒ x + y = 140° ...(ii) ⇒ 2∠PRQ = (180° – 68°) = 112°
On solving equation (i) and (ii), we get ⇒ ∠PRQ = 56°.
x = 85° and y = 55° Angle subtended by an arc at the
6. (a) Since ∆ABC is an equilateral centre is double the angle subtended by
triangle. it at any point on the remaining part of
∠ABC = 60° = x + 30° [Exterior angle the circle.
 property of a D] ⸫ ∠QOP = 2∠PRQ = (2 × 56°) = 112°.
⇒ x = 30° Since the radius through the point of
contact is perpendicular to the tangent,
7. (b) D C
we have,
∠OQC = 90° and ∠OPC = 90°
A B Now,
O ∠OQC + ∠QOP + ∠OPC + ∠QCP = 360°
[sum of the angles of a quadrilateral is
360°]
 ⇒ 90° + 112° + 90° + ∠QCP = 360° ⇒ ∠COX = 180° – 105° = 75°
⇒ ∠QCP = (360° – 292°) = 68° Since, diagonals of the square bisects
9. (d) Since, angle in a semicircle is 90° the angles of the square.
\ ∠ABC = 90° ∠BCD 90°
So, ∠OCX= = = 45°
By Pythagoras theorem, 2 2
AC = AB 2 + BC 2 Now, ∠OXC + ∠OCX + ∠COX = 180°
= 7 2 + 24=
2
49 + 576 ⇒ ∠OXC = 180° – 45° – 75° = 60°

= 625 25
= 13. (b) Q Sum of all interior angles of a
quadrilaterals = 360°
\ 2r = AC = 25
\ Circumference of the circle = 2pr \ ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D = 360°
= p × 2r = 3.14 × 25 = 78.5 cm ⇒ 90° + 60° + 70° + x = 360°
10. (c)  OA, OB & OC are radii of the [Q ∠A = 180° – ∠OAD = 180° – 90°
circle. = 90°]
So, OA = OB = OC ⇒ x = 360° – 220° = 140°
⇒ ∠OBA = ∠OAB & ∠OCA = ∠OAC
[Angles opposite to equal sides are 14. (c) Since, diagonals of rhombus bisect
equal] each other at 90­°.
⇒ ∠OAB = ∠OBA = 20° [Given] A
& ∠OAC = ∠OCA = 30° [Given]
\ ∠BAC = ∠BAO + ∠CAO
= 20° + 30° = 50° 5
 Angle made by an arc at the centre is
double than the angle made at any part 12 12
of the circle. D B
O
So, ∠BOC = 2∠BAC = 2 × 50° = 100° 5
11. (c) A

C
O
B D In DAOB, AB2 = OA2 + OB2
= 25 + 144 = 169 ⇒ AB = 13 cm
40° So, option (c) is correct.
15. (c) Let ∠B = x
C Then ∠A = x + 10°
 Diagonals of a rhombus intersects
As we know that,
perpendicularly.
So, ∠BOC = 90° = ∠AOD x + x + 10 = 180°
Also, So, x = 85°
 AD || BC. So, ∠B = ∠D = 85°
So, ∠OAD = ∠OCB = 40° [Alternate 16. (a) The given figure is a regular
angle] hexagonal.
\ ∠ADO = 180° – ∠OAD – ∠AOD So, n = 6
= 180° – 40° – 90° = 50°
\ Each angle of the hexagonal =
12. (b) We have, (n − 2) × 1800 (6 − 2) × 1800
∠DOC = 105° = =
n 6
Now, ∠DOC + ∠COX = 180°
 [ Linear Pair] = 4 × 30° = 120°.

2
 In DBCD, So, ∠ADC = 90°
∠BDC + ∠DCB + ∠CBD = 180° Also, the angles opposite to equal sides
⇒ ∠BDC+120° + ∠BDC =180° are equal.
[Since, angles opposite to equal So, ∠ABD = ∠ACD
angles are equal. And the hexagonal is = 35° [ Q∠ABD = 35°]
regular.] Now, ∠ADC + ∠ACD + ∠DAC
⇒ 2∠BDC = 180° – 120° = 60°  [sum of all interior angles]
60° ⇒ ∠DAC = 180° – ∠ADC – ∠ACD
⇒ x = ∠BDC = = 30°
2 = 180° – 90° – 35° = 55°
17. (d) Given that interior angle of a regular 21. (a) Given,
polygon = 135° (CUET 2023) AD = CD = BC
⇒
( n − 2 ) × 180°
=135° ⇒ ∠ACD = ∠CAD & ∠CDB = ∠CBD
n  ... (i)
⇒ 180°n – 360°= 135°n [Q Angles opposite to equal sides are
⇒ 45°n = 360° equal]
360° Now,
⇒= n = 8
45° Let ∠CDB = x
360°
18. (c) Number of sides = ⇒ ∠CBD = x [from (i)]
Each angle ⇒ ∠BCD = 180 – ∠CDB – ∠CBD
360
= = 15 = 180 – x – x = 180 – 2x ... (ii)
24
Now,
So,
∠ACD + ∠CDA + ∠CAD = 180°
n ( n − 3)
Number of diagonals = ⇒ 2∠ACD + ∠CDA = 180° [from (i)]
2 ⇒ 2∠ACD = 180° – (180° – ∠CDB)
(15 × 12 ) = 90 [Q ∠ADC & ∠CDB are linear pair]
=
2 ⇒ 2∠ACD = 180° – 180° + x = x
19. (b) Given, O is the centroid of the x
triangle. ⇒ ∠ACD =  ... (iii)
2
A Now,
∠BCE + ∠DCB + ∠ACD = 180°
 [Angle in the same side of a line]
O x
⇒ 96° + (180° – 2x) + = 180°
2
B
D
C  [from (ii)]
So, AO : OD = 2 : 1 x 3x
⇒ 96° = 2 x − =
Since, AO = 10 cm 2 2
⇒ 2 units = 10 cm
96° × 2
10 ⇒x= = 64°
⇒ OD = 1 unit = cm = 5 cm 3
2
20. (d) Since, the median to unequal side of 22. (a) Q A, B, C & D are vertices of a
an isosceles triangle is perpendicular to parallelogram.
the unequal side. A (6, 1) B (8, 2)
A

D (7, k) C
D (9, 4)
35° So, the opposite sides are equal in
B D C length.

3
 are the vertices of a quadrilateral.
(8 − 6 ) + ( 2 − 1)
2 2
⇒ AB = CD ⇒ Now,
( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 )
2 2
( 7 − 9) + ( k − 4)
2 2
= AB =
 [Distance formula] + ( 3 − ( −1) )
2
( −2 − 0 )
2
=
⇒ 22 + 12 = (–2)2 + (k – 4)2
⇒ 1 = ± (k – 4) = 4 + 16 = 20
⇒ 1 = k – 4 & 1 = –k + 4
( 6 + 2) + ( 7 − 3)
2 2
BC =
⇒k=5&k=3
Now, AD = BC = 82 + 4 2 = 64 + 16 = 80
( 7 − 6 ) + ( k − 1) = ( 9 − 8) + ( 4 − 2 )
2 2 2 2
=
(8 − 6 ) + (3 − 7)
2 2
CD =
for k = 5
⇒ 12 + (5 – 1)2 = 12 + 22 = 2
2 +4 = 2
4 + 16 = 20
⇒ 12 + 42 = 12 + 22 DA = [(0 – 8)2 + (–1 – 3)2]
⇒ 16 = 4, which is not true.
= 64 + 16 = 80
So, k = 3
23. (d) Let, A(x, y), B(–1, 4), C(5, 2) Thus, AB = CD & BC = DA
So, opposite sides of the quadrilateral
be the vertices of the triangle.
A(x, y) are equal.
So, the quadrilateral is a rectangle.
25. (b) Since, in II quadrant the x coordinate
is negative and y coordinate is positive.
So, (–2, 3) lies in II quadrant.
C(0, –3) 26. (b) In DAOC,
∠AOC + ∠ACO + ∠OAC = 180°
B(–1, 4) D C(5, 2)  [Angle sum property of triangle]
Now, draw a median AD to BC. ⇒ ∠AOC = 180° – ∠ACO – ∠OAC
\ D is mid point of BC. = 180° – 45° – 90° = 45°
 x1 + x2 y1 + y2  \ ∠DOB = ∠AOC = 45°
\ Coordinates of D =  , 
 2 2   [Opposite angles]
⇒ 45° + 65° + x = 180°
 −1 + 5 4 + 2 
= = ,  ( 2, 3) \ x = 180° – 110° = 70°
 2 2 
27. (a) For x = 0,
Q G is the centroid of DABC. y = kx = k
So, G divides AD in the ratio 2 : 1. So, y = kx passes through (0,0) i.e.,
\ Coordinates of G origin.
 m x + m2 x1 m1 y2 + m2 y1  28. (c) D x° E
= 1 2 , 
 m1 + m2 m1 + m2  A
 2 × 2 + 1× x 2 × 3 + 1× y 
⇒ ( 0, − 3) =
 , 
 2 +1 2 +1 
4+ x 6+ y
⇒0
= &= −3
3 3 B
27° 43°
C
⇒ x = –4 & 6 + y = –9 ⇒ y = –15 From given diagram,
\ Third vertex A ≡ (–4, –15) ∠DAE = ∠BAC = x°
24. (d) We have, We know that,
A(0, –1), B(–2, 3), C(6, 7) & D(8, 3) ∠ABC + ∠BCA + ∠CAB = 180°
⇒ 27° + 43° + ∠CAB = 180°
4
 \ ∠CAB = 180° – 70° =110° 31. (a) Q P(k, 2k), Q(2k, 3k) & R(3, 1) are
Hence, option (d) is correct option. collinear.
29. (b) Given, the vertices of the triangle are \ x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2) = 0
P(–2, 4), Q(0, 0) & R(4, 2) ⇒ k(3k – 1) + 2k(1 – 2k) + 3(2k – 3k) = 0
Q(0, 0)
⇒ 3k2 – k + 2k – 4k2 + 6k – 9k = 0
⇒ –k2 – 2k = 0
⇒ k(k + 2) = 0
A
⇒ k = 0, –2
G 32. (a) Given, vertices of the triangle:
A(x, 2x), (–2, 6) & (3, 1).
P(–2, 4) R(4, 2) and area of the triangle = 5 sq. units
\ Centroid of the triangle is 1
⇒ x1 ( y2 − y3 ) + x2 ( y3 − y1 ) +
 x + x + x3 y1 + y2 + y3  2
G= 1 2 , 
 3 3  x3 ( y1 − y2 ) =5

 −2 + 0 + 4 4 + 0 + 2   2  1
= ,   , 2 ⇒ [x(6 – 1) + (–2)(1 – 2x)+ 3(2x – 6)] = 5
 3 3  3  2
Q The centroid of a triangle divides ⇒ 5x – 2 + 4x + 6x – 18 = 10
medians of the triangle in 2 : 1 ratio. ⇒ 15x = 10 + 20 = 30
2  ⇒x=2
\ G  , 2  divides PA in 2 : 1.
3  33. (a) We have,
\ PG = 2 units 3 5  1 3
M  ,  , P  ,  & Q(2, –5)
 4 12   2 2 
( x2 − x1 ) − ( y2 − y1 ) =
2 2
⇒ 2 units
Let M divides PQ in the ratio m1 : m2.
2 
2
 3 5   m1 x2 + m2 x1 m1 y2 + m2 y1 
⇒  − ( −2 )  − ( 2 − 4 ) =2 units
2 ∴ ,  =  , 
3   4 12   m1 + m2 m1 + m2 

 64 − 36 
1/ 2
14  1
⇒ 2 units ⇒ 1 units =
= m × ( 2 ) + m2 ×
 9 

9 3 5   1 2,
⇒ , = 
\ The length of PA = (2 + 1) units  4 12   m1 + m2
14 14 
= 3 units = 3
×= 3
×= 14
9 3 3
m1 × ( −5 ) + m2   
30. (b) Given, vertices of an equilateral 2
triangle are m1 + m2 
 
A(0, 0), B(3, 3) & C(3, l) m2 3m2
\ AB = BC = CA 2m1 + −5m1 +
3 2 and 5 2
\ AB = AC = ⇒ =
4 m1 + m2 12 m1 + m2
⇒ (3 − 0) + (3 − 0)
2 2
⇒ 3m1 + 3m2 = 8m1 + 2m2 & 5m1 + 5m2
= ( λ − 0)
2
+ (3 − 0)
2 = –60m1 + 18m2
⇒ m2 = 5m1 & 65m1 = 13m2
⇒9+9= l2 +9
⇒ l2 = 9 m 1
⇒ 1 = ⇒ m1 : m2 = 1: 5
⇒ l = ±3 m2 5

5
 Trigonometry
16 (Explanations)

1 A
1. (a) tan A = in right angled triangle
3 13 cm
DABC at B. 5 cm
A
B 12 cm C

1 1
=
B. cosec A =
sin A BC
B C AC
BC AC 12
⇒ tan A = = =
AB BC 13
BC 1
\ B is correct.
⇒ =
AB 3 5
C. sin B = sin 90° = 1 ≠
Let AB = 3x & BC = x 13
By Pythagoras Theorem,
\ C is incorrect.
BC 12 12
( 3x )
2
AC = AB 2 + BC=
2
+ x2 D. tan A = = ≠
AB 5 15

= 3 x 2 + x 2= 4 x 2= 2 x
\ D is incorrect.

BC x 1 BC 12
\ sin A = = = E. cos C = =
AC 2 x 2 AC 13

\ E is correct.
AB x 3
sin C = = = Thus, A, C, & D are incorrect.
AC 2 x 2
3. (d) We have,
AB 3x 3
cos A = = = BC = 4 cm, ∠C = 60° & ∠B = 90°
AC 2x 2
A
BC x 1
cos C = = =
AC 2 x 2
\ sin A cos C + cos A sin C
1 3 3 1 3 1 3
= × + × = × ×2 =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 60°
h AB 5 12 B 4 cm C
2. (c) A. tan C = = = ≠
b BC 12 13 b BC
 cos C = =
\ A is incorrect. h AC
 4 8. (c) We have,
⇒ cos 60° =  cos 2 A(sin A + cos A)
AC
 2
+
4 4  cosec A(sin A − cos A)
⇒ AC = = = 8 cm
cos 60° 1 sin 2 A(sin A − cos A) 
2 
 sec 2 A(sin A + cos A) 
1  × (sec2A – cosec2A)
4. (a) Since, sin(A – B) = = sin 30°
2
 cos 2 A.sin 2 A(sin A + cos A)
\ A – B = 30° ...(i) =  +
 (sin A − cos A)
1
Also, since cos(A + B) = = sin 60°
2 sin 2 A.cos 2 A(sin A − cos A) 

\ A + B = 60° ...(ii)  (sin A + cos A) 
Adding (i) & (ii)  1 1 
A – B + A + B = 30° + 60° ×  2
− 2 
 cos A sin A 
⇒ 2A = 90° ⇒ A = 45°
= (sin2 A × cos2 A)
From (ii)
45° + B = 60° ⇒ B = 60° – 45° = 15°  sin A + cos A sin A − cos A 
×  + 
5. (d) We have, 2 cos2 q – 1 = 0  sin A − cos A sin A + cos A 
1  sin 2 A − cos 2 A 
⇒ 2 cos2 q = 1 ⇒ cos2 q = ×  
2 2 2
 sin A ⋅ cos A 
2
 1 
⇒ cos2 q =   = cos(45°)
2
 (sin A + cos A) 2 + (sin A − cos A) 2 
 2 =  
 (sin A − cos A)(sin A + cos A) 
⇒ q = 45°
⇒ 2 sin2 q + sin 2q  × (sin2 A – cos2 A)
= 2 × sin2(45°) + sin(2 × 45°) = 2(sin2 2
A + cos A) = 2
2
 1  9. (a) tan q + cot q = 2
=2×   + sin 90° = 1 + 1 = 2
 2 1
⇒ tan q + =2
6. (c) We have, sin q + cosec q = 2 tan θ
1 ⇒ tan2q – 2 tan q + 1 = 0
⇒ sin q + =2 ⇒ (tan q – 1)2 = 0 ⇒ tan q – 1 = 0
sin θ
2 ⇒ tan q = 1 ⇒ cot q = 1
 1 
⇒  sin θ +  =2
2
\ tann q + cotn q = 1n + 1n = 1 + 1 = 2
 sin θ
 [squaring on both sides] 10. (a) We have,
cot 18° ×
1 1
⇒ sin2 q + 2 sin q. + =4  1 
sin θ sin 2 θ 2
 cot 72° ⋅ cos 22° + 2 
 tan 72° sec 68° 
⇒ sin2 q + cosec2 q + 2 = 4
⇒ sin2 q + cosec2 q = 2 = cot 18°.cot 72°.cos2 22°
7. (d) sin q + sin2q = 1 ...(i) cos18°
 +
⇒ sin q = 1 – sin2 q = cos2 q tan 72° ⋅ sec 2 68°
So, from (i) = cot 18°.cot(90° – 18°).cot2 22°
cos2 q + cos4 q = 1 cos18°
⇒ cos2 q + (cos2 q)2 = 1 +
 tan(90° − 18°) ⋅ sec 2 68°
= cos2 q + sin2 q = 1

2
 = cot 18°.tan 18° cos2 22° 13. (a) Let us suppose, AB = x be the
cos18° distance between the two buildings.
+ ⋅ cos 2 68° N
 cot18°
= cos2 22° + cos2 68°
M
= cos2 22° + cos2(90° – 68°) 30 m
= cos2 22° + sin2 22° = 1
11. (c) Given, 60°
A x B
4
∠A + ∠B = 90° & sin B = In right DABN,
5
Now, cos A = cos(90 – B) BN
tan 60° =
AB
[ A + B = 90°]

= sin B =
4 ⇒ 3 =
30
x
(
 tan 60° = 3 )
5
30
12. (b) Let us suppose, AB = h be the height ⇒x= = 10 3 m
3
of the tower. Let RA = x m
Therefore, distance between the two
B
building is 10 3 m.
14. (a) As, QD = PQ – PD = 6 m – 2.54 m
h = 3.46 m
QD
60° 30° Now, = sin 60°
P CD
A x R 50 m
3.46 3  3
In right DBAR, ⇒ =   sin 60° = 
CD 2  2 
BA h ⇒ CD = 4 m
tan 60° = =
RA x Therefore, length of ladder is 4 m.
h 15. (c) N
⇒ 3= ⇒h= 3 x ...(i)
x 60°
In right ∆BAP, P
BA h h
tan 30° = =
AP x + 50 lm
⇒ h = tan 30° × (x + 50) 60° 30°
A O
= 1 ( x + 50) ...(ii) Let us suppose, PA = l be the height of
3 the pole.
In DPAO,
From (i) and (ii) AP
tan 30° =
AO
1
3x
= ( x + 50) l
3 ⇒ tan 30° = ⇒ l = AO × tan 30°
AO
⇒ 3x = x + 50 ⇒ x = 25 ...(i)
In DNOA,
\ height of the tower =
ON
=h 3 x 25 3 m
= tan 60° =
OA

3
 h ⇒ 0 = 64 + 22 – 2 × AC × 2
⇒ tan 60° = 68
AO ⇒ 4 AC = 64 + 4 ⇒ AC = = 17 m
h 4
⇒ AO = m 18. (c) Let the height of the tree be, AB = x unit
3
1
On putting value of AO in eq. (i), we get \ Shadow of the tree, BC = x unit
3
h 1 h Then, angle of elevation of the sun is ∠C.
⇒l= × m= m
3 3 3 A
Therefore, height of the pole is
h x unit
metres.
3
16. (c) In DABC B
A 1 C
x unit
3
Now, in DABC,
h AB
tan C =
BC
30° x
C B = 3 = tan 60°
100 m ⇒ tan C =
1
h x
tan 30° = 3
100 ⇒ ∠C = 60°
1 h \ Angle of elevation of the sun is 60°.
⇒ =
3 100 19. (c) Let AB be the height of electric pole
100 × 3 100 3 = AB = 14 m & its shadow = BC = 10 m
⇒ h= ⇒h= m
3× 3 3 \ in DABC,
Hence, option (c) is correct option. A
17. (d) Let AB be the wall and AC be the
ladder. 14 m
A
B 10 m C
8m
AB 14 7
tan C = ⇒ tan C = = .
BC 10 5
B D
C Again,
2m Let DE be height of the tree and EC be
 When the ladder moved away from the shadow of the tree under similar
the wall by 2m then ladder rests againts condition.
the foot of the wall. D
So, length of the ladder = AC
= BC + CD
⇒ BC = AC – CD...(i)
Now, in DABC,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 E 15 m C
⇒ AC2 = 82 + (AC – CD)2 [From (i)] So,
⇒ AC2 = 64 + AC2 + CD2 – 2 × AC × CD DE
tan C =
⇒ 0 = 64 + CD2 – 2 × AC × CD EC

4
 7 DE 7 × 15 BC
⇒ = ⇒ DE = = 21 m cos C =
5 15 5 AC
\ Height of the tree = 21 m
20. (d) Let the ladder be A = 19 m BC
⇒ cos 60° =
Then, in DABC, 19
A
⇒ BC = 19 × cos 60
19 m

1
60° = 19 × = 9.5 m
B C 2

5
 Statistics
17 (Explanations)

1. (d) Given weights of the 10 new born 4. (c) We have,

babies: 2, (2p + 2), 7, 13, 17, 4 and (p – 1)
3.4, 3.6, 4.2, 4.5, 3.9, 4.1, 3.8, 4.5, 4.4, Total number of elements = 7
3.6. 2 + (2 p + 2) + 7 + 13 + 17 + 4 + ( p − 1)
∴ Mean =
3.4 + 3.6 + 4.2 + 4.5 + 3.9 + 4.1 7
+3.8 + 4.5 + 4.4 + 3.6
\ Mean, X 44 + 3 p
10 =
7
40
= = 4 Also, mean = 8 (given)
10
44 + 3 p
2. (c) Given data: 1, 0, 2, 4, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 5, So, =8
5, 0, 1, 2, 3 7
⇒ 3p = 56 – 44
Arranging the above data in ascending
order = 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 12
\p= =4
4, 5, 5 3
\ there are total 15 elements. So, the given observations becomes
 n +1
th
2, 10, 7, 13, 17, 4, 3
So, median =   element Now, arranging all the observations in
 2 
th increasing order.
 15 + 1 
=  element 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 13, 17
 2  th
= 8th element = 2  n +1
So, the median =   observation
3. (c) Given numbers in ascending order  2 
are: 50, 42, 35, 2x+10, 2x–8, 12, 11, 8 = 4th observation = 7
Total number of elements = 8 5. (a) Given data, 8, 12, 15, 7, x, 19 and 22
n
th
n 
th
Total number of elements = 7
 2  element +  2 + 1 element
    th
\ Median =  7 +1
2 So, median =   element
 2 
4th element + 5th element = 4 element = x
th
=
2 So, the data in ascending order will
2 x + 10 + 2 x − 8 look like 7, 8, 12, x, 15, 19, 22
=
2 \ x ∈ [12, 15]
= 2x + 1
6. (a) Given,
Q Median = 25 (given)
x x x x
So, 2x + 1 = 25 , x, , & ( x > 0)
5 4 2 3
25 − 1 Arranging the observations in
\ x = 12
=
2 ascending order
 x x x x Since, 8 occurs highest number of
, , , &x times.
5 4 3 2
Total number of elements = 5 So, 8 is the required mode.
 5 +1
th
10. (b) Given data:
\ Median =   element = 3rd
 2  5, 4, 4, 3, 5, x, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 5
element
No. of times 5 occurs = 4
x No. of times 4 occurs = 4
=
3 No. of times 3 occurs = 4
Q Median = 8 (given)
No. of times x occurs = 1
x
So, = 8 ⇒ x = 24 Q Mode = 3
3
So, 3 occurs highest number of times.
7. (d) Given,
and if x = 3 then 3 will occur 5 times
Median of x, y and 2x = 27
which is the highest number of times.
⇒ y = 27 [Q x < y < 2x]
Therefore, x = 3
Mean of x, y and 2x = 33
So, the data in ascending order:
3 x + 27
⇒ = 33 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5
3
Total number of elements = 13
⇒ x + 9 = 33
th
\ x = 24  13 + 1 
\ Median =   element
\ Mean of x and y =  2 
x + y 24 + 27 = 7th element = 4
=
2 2
11. (c) Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
51
= = 25.5 = (3 × 8) – (2 × 10) = 24 – 20 = 4.
2
12. (c) Given,
8. (a) Given data:
Median 7
7.5, 7.3, 7.2, 7.2, 7.4, 7.7, 7.7, 7.5, 7.3, =
Mean 5
7.2, 7.6, 7.2
Let median = 7x
Q 7.2 present 4 times,
mean = 5x
which is the highest number of times
any element occurs. Q Mode = 3 median – 2 mean
So, 7.2 is the required mode. So, mode = 3 × 7x – 2 × 5x
9. (b) Given, = 21x – 10x
2, (p + 1), 8, 19, 16, 3 and p = 11x
Total number of elements = 7 \ Ratio of mode and mean = 11x : 5x
2 + ( p + 1) + 8 + 19 + 16 + 3 + p = 11 : 5
\ Mean =
7 13. (a) Given,
49 + 2 p Mode – Median = 24 ...(i)
=
7 Q Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
Given, mean = 9 ⇒ Mode – Median = 2 Median – 2
⇒ (49 + 2p)/7 = 9 Mean
⇒ 49 + 2p = 63 ⇒ 2p = 14 ⇒ 24 = 2 (Median – Mean) [From (i)]
⇒ p =7
Now, the observations become: 24
⇒ Median – Mean = = 12
2, 8, 8, 19, 16, 3, 7 2

2
 Data Interpretation
18 (Explanations)

1. (d) Average amount spent by government \ Required percentage =

on housing during the given period 36 − 40 −4
× 100% = × 100% = –10%
 23.4 + 32.5 + 41.6 + 36.4 + 49.4  40 40
= Rs.  Crore
 5  \ Profit of A is 10% less than that of B.
183.3 7. (c) Let the amount of Royalty to be
= = Rs. 36.66 Crore. paid for these books be Rs. r.
5
2. (c) Required percentage Then, 20 : 15 = 30600 : r
 30600 × 15 
 (3.00 + 2.52 + 3.84 + 3.68 + 3.96)  ⇒ r = Rs.  = Rs. 22,950
 (288 + 332 + 324 + 336 + 420) × 100  %  20 
 
17 8. (c) Central angle corresponding to
= × 100% = 1 % Royalty
1700
 15 
3. (a) Total expenditure of the government = (15% of 360)°
=  × 360  = 54°
during 2000  100 
= Rs. (324 + 101 + 3.84 + 41.6 + 74) 9. (b) Clearly, marked price of the book =
Crore = Rs. 544.44 Crore. 120% of C.P.
Also, cost of paper = 25% of C.P
4. (a) Required average =
Sum of profits earned from 2006 to 2011
Let the cost of paper for a single book
be Rs. n.
6
Then, 120 : 25 = 180 : n ⇒ n
40 + 44 + 40 + 36 + 32 + 44 236
= =  25 × 180 
6 6 = Rs.  = Rs. 37.50
 120 
= 39.34
10. (d)
5. (c) In 2010, (75 + 65) 140 7
Income of A = Rs. 100 Required ratio
= = =
(85 + 95) 180 9
& profit of A = Rs. 52
\ Expenditure = Rs. 48 11. (c) Required percentage
Income of B = Rs. 100  85 + 95 
=  × 100  % =
& profit of B = Rs. 32  70 + 80 
\ Expenditure of B = 100 – 32 = 68 180
Expenditure of A × 100% =
120%
∴ Required ratio = 150
Expenditureof B
12. (b) Average sales of all the six branches
48 12 (in thousand numbers) for the year
= =
68 17 2000
6. (b) Profit of A in 2006 = 36 1
= × [80 + 75 + 95 + 85 + 75 + 70] =80
and Profit of B in 2006 = 40 6
13. (b) The number of candidates failed in 17. (a) Required difference in 2005
at least two subjects = 5 + 30 – 20 = 15
= The number of candidates who Required difference in 2006
failed in two subjects + The number of = 15 + 50 – 30 = 35
candidates who failed in all the subjects Required difference in 2007
= 10 + 12 + 12 + 5 = 39 = 20 + 40 – 30 = 30
Total number of candidates = 500 Required difference in 2008
39 = 10 + 55 – 40 = 25
Therefore required percentage = Required difference in 2009
× 100% = 7.8% 500
= 5 + 25 – 15 = 15
14. (a) Total expenditure in a month = Rs. Required difference in 2010
45800 = 30 + 50 – 40 = 40
79.2° Required difference in 2011
The expenditure on travelling =
360° = 10 + 45 – 30 = 25
792
× 45800 = × 458 So, the difference is second highest in
36 2006
= 22 × 458 = Rs.10076 18. (b) Bus passenger = 375
15. (c) Total number of people using all the All passenger = 375 + 300 + 175 = 850
three mobile services in 2009 So, required percentage =
= Number of nokia mobile services + 375 15
Number of motorola mobile services + × 100% = × 100%
Number of nokia mobile services = 5 850 34
+ 15 + 25 = 45 = 44.11% ≈ 44%
Number of Nokia mobile services in 19. (d) Total fares of airline passengers =
2010 = 30 200 × 50 = $10000
25 Total bus fare = 0.50 × 400 = $200
Required percentage = × 100% =
30 Therefore, required ratio
5
× 100% = 83.33% 10000 50
6 = =
200 1
16. (b) Number of people using Motorola
2009 = 15 20. (a) Total number of rail road passengers
in 1992 = 265
Number of people using Lawa in 2008
Total number of rail road passengers in
= 55
1987 = 300
15 3
Therefore, required ratio = = So, required difference = 300 – 265
55 11 = 35