Faculty of Information Technology
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Laboratory work №4
Energy Storage
Elements
Checked by: Amanzholova Raushan
Done by: Zhanpeis Zhiger
2023,Almaty
Laboratory work 5
First-order R-L and R-C circuits
Purpose of laboratory work:
To identify the First-Order Electric circuit’s response to a Constant Reference Input
To Check Sequential Switching
To Check Stability of First-Order Circuits
Pre-Lab
1.
Switch was open for a long time. Find 𝑉𝑐, when switch closes. Find the 𝑉𝑐 after switch
was closed for a long time. Find the time constant, and write solution to the RC
circuit, and draw the solution with proper scaling.
V=5V
C2=3nF
R=10kΩ
0t=0 t=0)
1. Find Vc when the switch closes (t=0−): Vc(0−)=V=5V
2. Find Vc after the switch has been closed for a long time: Vc(∞)=0V
3. Find the time constant (τ): τ=R×C2=10kΩ×3nF=30μs
4. Write the solution to the RC circuit: Vc(t)=Vfinal+[V(0−)−Vfinal]×e−τt
Since Vfinal=0V V(0−)=V=5V, the equation simplifies to: Vc
(t)=5×e−30μst
2.
Switch was closed for a long time. Find the voltage on the capacitor, when switch
opens. Find steady state voltage on capacitor after switch was open for a long time.
Write solution to the RC circuit, and draw the solution with proper scaling.
Vc2=V2×R+jωC21R
where ω is the angular frequency (ω=LC21).
Given values:
V2=10V
V3=5V
C2=1nF
Vc2=10×10+jω×1×10−9110
Calculate ω using 2ω=LC21, where L is the inductance of the circuit (since C2
is between two voltages, it acts like an inductor). You can assume a typical
value for inductance, let's say L=1mH=0.001H.
ω=0.001×10−91rad/s
3.
Switch was open for a long time. Find 𝑉𝑐, when switch closes. Find the 𝑉𝑐 after switch
was closed for a long time. Find the time constant, and write solution to the RC
circuit, and draw the solution with proper scaling.
1. Find V50k:V50k=1×10k+20k+50k50k=8050=0.625V
2. Calculate the time constants: τ10k=10k×1nF=10μs
3. τ20k=20k×1nF=20μs
4. τ50k=50k×1nF=50μs
5. Write the solution to the RC circuit:
For the 10kΩ resistor: Vc10k(t)=0.625×(1−e−10μst)
For the 20kΩ resistor: Vc20k(t)=0.625×(1−e−20μst)
For the 50kΩ resistor: Vc50k(t)=0.625×(1−e−50μst)
4.
Read the code on the capacitors, and find value of capacitors.
a)
b)
c)
1. 104: This indicates a capacitor with a capacitance of 10 × 10^4 pF, which is
equivalent to 100,000 pF or 100 nF (nanofarads).
2. 474: This indicates a capacitor with a capacitance of 47 × 10^4 pF, which is
equivalent to 470,000 pF or 470 nF.
3. 154: This indicates a capacitor with a capacitance of 15 × 10^4 pF, which is
equivalent to 150,000 pF or 150 nF.
In-lab
1. Build the RC circuit and get transient response by oscilloscope. Find time constant
from oscilloscope.
2. Build the RC circuit and get transient response by oscilloscope. Find time constant from
oscilloscope.
3. Build the RC circuit and get transient response by oscilloscope. Find time constant
from oscilloscope.
Post-Lab
1. The circuit is at steady state before the switch opens. Find the current 𝑖(𝑡) that goes up on 20 𝑘Ω
resistor for 𝑡 > 0.
1/((1/50k1+50k))=25k.
Rtotal=Rparallel+20k.
2. Calculate the current through the resistors: Use Ohm's Law (I=RV) to find
the current through the 20kΩ resistor. The voltage across the 20kΩ resistor is
the voltage difference between Vc1(∞) and Vc2(∞).
I(t)=RtotalVc1(∞)−Vc2(∞)
Substituting the values: I(t)=25k+20k10V−7V=45k3V=15k1A
In this lab, we explored the characteristics and behavior of energy storage elements,
specifically capacitors and inductors. The experiment involved various tasks,
including charging and discharging capacitors, observing transient responses, and
analyzing the effects of different values of capacitance and inductance.
